The "WWI Bush Ghost" of German East Africa.
[ send me this paper ]
The "WWI Bush Ghost" of German East Africa. (10 pp) This discussion will look at an amazing period of World War One history concerning the conflict between the Germans and the British in East Africa. (German East Africa encompassed all of present-day Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi. Its 384,180 square miles exceeded the size of Germany and France combined. Its borders ranged from Kenya-Uganda and Lake Victoria in the north; to the Congo, Rhodesia and Lake Tanganyika in the west; to Nyasaland (with Lake Nyasa) and Portuguese Mozambique in the south. The Indian Ocean presented a natural border in the east.) Paul Von Lettow-Vorbeck was the consistent German player, with about 300 German officers and 11,000 black colonial troops, during this conflict, and we will see much of the information from his point of view, concerning this seldom reported period. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Bbvorbck.doc

Women in Africa
[ send me this paper ]
This 10 page paper looks at women in Africa historically through the 1500s and analyzes their roles. Gender differences are discussed in terms of religion and tribal traditions as well as the influences of the Europeans on male/female models. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA48Afrc.wps

Ritualistic Female Mutilation
[ send me this paper ]
A 9 page essay on the practice of female genital mutilation considered traditional in many parts of Africa. Though not as prevalent in the cities, the estimated numbers of girls subjected to the ritualistic surgery, normally without the benefit of anaesthesia, is between 90 and 94 percent. When researchers ask why the mutilations are performed, the standard reply is that it is tradition, or (more rarely) that it enhances beauty. Native women are working with villagers to help end the practice, trying to help them see that not only is this surgery unncessary, it is also physically and psychologically damaging for a life time. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Mutilate.wps

Women As Part Of The History Of The Sahara
[ send me this paper ]
This 15 page paper looks at the nations surrounding and affected by the Sahara Desert, as well as role of women in Saharan Africa throughout history. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: Sahara.wps

The Oral Tradition in African Literature
[ send me this paper ]
Walter Ong, in his work Orality and Literacy, stated that the oral cultures of the world are based in words that have not static objects, but instead are comprised of events, power and actions (31-32). This 5 page paper considers the basic premise of Ong's basic evaluations of oral traditions, and demonstrates them through a view of Courlander and Herzog's recount of the African short story 'Talk.' Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Oraltrad.wps

Is Uganda A Democracy?
[ send me this paper ]
10 pages in length. Democracy is a political way of life that involves each and every person in all phases of decision-making and rule. Indeed, it is a most desired manner by which to run a country; however, democratic rule is not easy to come by. Nations have fought for the right to call themselves a democracy, while others have endured great hardships and constant battle without ever achieving its liberating results. The writer discusses how Uganda is one nation that has rallied back from severe oppression to be able to claim the democratic way of life as its own. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Ugandem.wps

French Colonial Policy / The Berbers vs. The Arabs
[ send me this paper ]
This 15 page paper discusses French colonial policy as applied toward the Berbers of Morocco and compared to the policy France adopted relating to the Arabs. The report includes a brief history of the Berbers, examples of the French attitude regarding the Berbers, and French and Arab relations. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Berber.wps

Somalia
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page overview of the politics of Somalia with particular emphasis on international and U.S. foreign policies and military and economic aid. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Somalia.wps

Somalia / An Essay On The Economics Of Famine
[ send me this paper ]
A 1 page essay on hunger in Somalia in which the writer presents a brief overview of agricultural & economic problems as well as their implications for the region and the world. No bibliography.
Filename: Somaleco.wps

Somalia / Economic Recovery
[ send me this paper ]
A 2 page commentary on Somalia's government-less economic recovery. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Cnsomali.wps

Rwanda / The 1994 Conflict
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page paper discussing the Rwanda conflict of 1994. A description of the previous history of Rwanda is briefly detailed in an attempt to illustrate some of the possible roots to the devastation that took place in 1994. this is followed by detailed political details of some of the regions of Rwanda which illustrates the unrest that was occurring throughout the region. The complete and brutal devastation that occurred in 1994 is also detailed, followed by illustrations of legal actions. The paper is concluded with a discussion about the after effects of this massacre, mainly that the world is now more aware of the possibilities that lie in each and every region of the world. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RArwanda.wps

Rwanda / The Wrong Color For The World's Morality
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page essay in which the writer explores the reasons for the international community's lack of moral backbone during the Rwandan massacres in 1994. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Rwanda4.wps

Rwanda 1994
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper discussing the incident in 1994 that took place in Rwanda, South Africa, whereby nearly one million people were mercilessly slaughtered as a result of careful words on the part of officials who instigated the rage and anger. An analysis of the book 'Season of Blood,' by Fergal Keane, is a large part of the paper as this book details nearly anything of importance to the ugly reality of the story. While some may ignorantly claim it was age old prejudices that led to this genocide, it is most obviously not prejudices that fired the people up to the point of behaving in such inhumane fashion. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Rwand.wps

Nelson Mandela's Speech As Song
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page paper comparing the inaugural speech of Nelson Mandela with the performance of Verdi's Radames in the opera Aida, and exploring the ways in which a knowledge of the structure of music can lead to a deeper understanding of public addresses. Mandela's use of technique quietly and politely leads his audience to the point that they want more, even though a significant percentage of his audience was white. Both the black and the white could easily supply the unstated meaning of the progression through which Mandela led them. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Nelman.wps

Nelson Mandela / Life & Struggle
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page research paper discussing the life of Nelson Mandela. Mandela fought his entire life for freedom, equality, an end to apartheid. He completed a law degree through correspondence and practiced briefly. He was convicted of treason and served 27 years of a life sentence. He was elected President of South Africa in 1994, the first election in which black citizens were allowed to vote. Bibliography included.
Filename: Mandela.wps

Nelson Mandela's 'Long Walk to Freedom'
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper giving personal thoughts, reactions and analysis of this book by Nelson Mandela.
Filename: Mandela2.wps

The Nation-State: A Curse for Africa?
[ send me this paper ]
5 pages in length. In Black Man's Burden, author Basil Davidson argues that the nation-state has proved a curse for the African independent nation. When we examine the works of several different authors it is easy to discover that Davidson speaks the truth: that the nation-state has indeed proved to be a curse for Africa. This paper also considers Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, and Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAafrca.wps

Culture & Religion in Three African Countries
[ send me this paper ]
7 pages in length. Discusses cultures, religions, and histories of three African countries : Zimbabwe, Egypt, and South Africa. Concludes with a brief comparison of these three. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Afr3cult.wps

South Africa / Political & Social Change Since The End Of Apartheid
[ send me this paper ]
This 8 page paper looks at contemporary South Africa. Ideas from Nelson Mandela's 'Long Walk to Freedom' are included. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Safrica.wps

Changes In South Africa / Coming Of The White Man
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page paper analyzing the influences of imperialism on South Africa from 1870-1936. The author presents the social and individual impact of colonization of South Africa by the White, Christian European (British) forces and the impact that changes introduced had upon the pre-existing tribal structures. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Afrosout.wps

Contemporary South Africa
[ send me this paper ]
A 9 page paper that looks at the economic, political and social changes in the newly developing South Africa outside of the rule of apartheid. Since the first free election in that country in 1994, a number of changes have occured that are directly related to the new political order of the country and have pushed South Africa into the forefront of developing nations. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Southafr.wps

Doing Business in South Africa
[ send me this paper ]
3 pages of research discussing obstacles faced by foreign (U.S.) businesses wishing to operate in South Africa since apartheid. Focus is on Goodyear. 4 sources listed in bibliography.
Filename: Apartbus.wps

Managerial Practices In South Africa / After Apartheid
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page research paper exploring changes in managerial practices since the collapse of the Apartheid system. Significant changes are being made in the structure of business practices in the last few years. Aggressive promotion of privatization and Black empowerment are two of the changes that are having major impacts on how businesses are run in the country. More specifically, some companies are beginning to implement management techniques associated with successful businesses in other countries. These changes and their effects are discussed in this paper. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Samgt.wps

Modern South Africa / History, Government & Bureaucracy
[ send me this paper ]
This 12 page paper looks at how modern South Africa came into being. The writer assesses what the country's primary challenges were . . . and still are. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Safri.wps

Rian Malan/ My Traitor's Heart
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page analysis of My Traitor's Heart by Rian Malan, which is an unblinking look at both sides of the racial issues that have been inherent to South Africa since the first Europeans set foot on African soil. Malan, who is a journalist by trade, doesn't explain the feelings of both blacks and whites in South Africa as show the reader how, where and why these feelings originated. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99rian.wps

South Africa 1990 - 1996
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page historical overview of the death of apartheid and the emergence of government by the majority. The first six years of life without apartheid has been a segment of time that could serve to set the tone of the next several decades. It is regrettable that South Africa seems to have lost its direction and focus on the higher ideals that were instrumental in ending apartheid, apparently only to replace those ideals by the fantasies of the racism that again is building. When the focus is on the good of the individual rather than the good of the whole, the original goals of that whole are too easily lost. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KSSAfrica.doc

South Africa's Electoral System
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page paper discussing the framework, the list proportional representation electoral system, by which it has conducted its first two national elections after the end of apartheid. The system allows many parties to be heard, but often can block long-term progress. Other nations new to democracy have chosen the same electoral system as did South Africa, but then stayed with systems that are not conducive to maturation of the democracy. South Africa, however, has taken the route of inviting nearly as many voices as there are views for the first two elections, and then reassessing its electoral system to avoid the traps of remaining mired in the many-voice approach. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: KSelect.doc

South Africa: Where it's Been and Where It's Going
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page research paper that looks at the lingering effects of apartheid on South Africa; and, which also spotlights the careers of Nelson Mandela and Dr. Sindiwe Magona. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: 99soaf.wps

The Impact of Apartheid On The Musical Cultures Of South Africa
[ send me this paper ]
A 2 page paper that considers the impact of Apartheid and social oppression on the progression of musical cultures through out the country. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Samusic2.doc

African Slave Trade / 3 Views
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page analysis of three articles on the origins of slavery. Eric Williams, Winthrop D. Jordan and David Brion Davis offer three contrasting views on the origins of slavery and how slavery interacted with the development of racism. While each view is logical and based on historical fact, the three perspectives differ considerably in their basic premise. The writer discusses each while analyzing their similarities and differences. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Ast3view.rtf

Journey of Discovery, Journey of Faith - The Life of Olaudah Equiano
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper that traces the transition of the life of Olaudah Equiano from a child of traditional African Igbo culture to an adult of strong, deep Christian faith. Discussed are the conditions that shaped Equiano's life, including his abduction into the life of slavery at the age of 11, his introduction to Christianity, and the development of a personal faith that endured throughout his lifetime. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: LCJourny.doc

Creation Stories (Myths)
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page paper which compares an contrasts the creation stories (myths) of such civilizations as Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, Greco-Roman, North American Indian (Aztec and Mayan) and Western. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: Creamyth.wps

Ancient Egyptian Architecture
[ send me this paper ]
2 pages worth of notes and discussion about temples and various structures in Egypt nearly 4,000 years old. No Bibliography.
Filename: Egyptemp.wps

Capitalism and Egypt; Long Term Solutions and Short term Problems
[ send me this paper ]
This 20 page paper considers the aim of Egypt to join the global economies by embracing capitalism. This has lead to many successes, but the reliance of the economy on tourism for short term hard currency has lead to economic shock in the past. The dichotomy between long and short term aspects of economic policy are discussed with reference to foreign investment, tourism and the privatisation polices. The paper includes 2 graphs and the bibliography cites 18 sources.
Filename: TEegypte.wps

Egypt & India / A Comparison Of Cultures
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page outline of the cultural similarities between Egypt and India. Emphasis is placed on familial structure. Bibliography lists four references.
Filename: Egyindia.wps

Egypt / Her History and Future
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page history of Egypt. The writer discusses land holdings, industries, tourism, people, crops, and water crisis. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Egypt.wps

Egyptian Tourism and the Treasury
[ send me this paper ]
This 12 page paper looks at the tourism industry in Egypt and the way it is influenced by the treasury. The paper starts with an outline of how resources are allocated by the treasury and then goes on to look more specifically at the tourist industry itself and its relationship to resources and government policy. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEegyptt.wps

The Gnostic Gospels
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper that defines the Gnostic Gospels, their origin, and the differences in religious beliefs between the Gnostic religion and conventional Christianity. A brief history of the Gnostic religion is presented, as well as the details of the discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library in Egypt in 1945. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: LCGnostc.doc

The Importance of Writing to the Emergence of Ancient Civilizations
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page paper provides an overview of the basic process through which writing developed in the ancient cultures of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece and underscores the importance of language development and writing in the expansion of these cultures. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MHmesowr.wps

Politics and Society in French-Speaking Africa
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page report discusses the French theory and resultant attitude of a 'civilizing mission' in terms of its relationships with the nations of Africa. The ways in which such attitudes shaped the mindsets and identity of French-speaking African nations are as deeply imbedded as the ides of the British in the early American colonies. The entire concept of that 'civilizing mission' can be captured in the single statement: 'We have the heavy and lasting responsibility for this revolution.' Such a belief became a guiding principle upon which the European nations justified their subjugation of the people of Africa. No secondary sources.
Filename: BWfrafr.wps

Human Rights Violations In Nigeria & New Guinea
[ send me this paper ]
A 7 page paper that provides an comparison between the human rights violations in Nigeria and those in New Guinea, and suggests the reason why outside response has been so limited. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Humright.doc

Nigeria / One Example Of The Influence Of Christian Imperialism In Sub-Saharan Africa
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper discussing the Christianization that occurred in Nigeria between the 1880s and the 1930s. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Nigeria.wps

Nigeria, Mexico & Russia / Comparison & Contrast
[ send me this paper ]
In 5 pages, the author compares and contrasts the countries of Nigeria, Mexico, and Russia based on their ethnicity/tribalism, the role of men and women, corruption, and revolution. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RArcj.rtf

Rich Land, Poor Land - Nigeria's Unfriendly Skies
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper that discusses the political and economical chaos that has surrounded the African country of Nigeria for the past century and left this oil-rich land in a situation of ruin. Highlighted is the serious lack of proper air traffic control over this country and the problem this presents to Nigeria's floundering economy. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: LCAfrica.doc

Assessing the Folk Societies of New Guinea
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page paper addressing the changes that may have occurred in folk societies before they are discovered by anthropologists. In the world of the anthropologist, the society of investigation is seen for what it is as far as the anthropologist can determine. What remains unknown, aside from the stories of the people of the culture, is the history of the society and how it may have changed over the years, decades, or even centuries. Any move toward 'civilization' as we understand it is seen as progress, but one wonders if it truly is. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Newguin1.wps