Achebe's “Things Fall Apart” and Ngugi's “The River Between”
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A 10 page overview of these two works of African literature. A review of character development is provided as is a discussion of the interweaving of public and private themes which arise at the hands of colonization in each of these great works. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPafLit2.rtf

Acme Paperclips -- Offices in the United States and Uganda
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This 7 page report discusses the fact that working conditions for people in the United States and people in Africa are literally and figuratively a world apart. Not only are the workers of Uganda most familiar with agricultural work and agricultural related production (the countries leading export is coffee), they are generally unaware that their government has or should have any obligation in terms of providing them with a safe working environment. Using the example of the fictious “Acme Paperclip” company, issues of worker safety and protection are discussed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWpclips.wps

Adam Hochschild's King Leopold's Ghost
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5 pages in length. Adam Hochschild's King Leopold's Ghost tells of Leopold's search for a colony to claim as Belgium's own. His fear was that all the other European nations would leave nothing for himself or his people in their overtaking of the Africa and Asia areas. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: JGAkleop.wps

Adam Hochschild/King Leopold's Ghost
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A 5 page essay that summarizes the principal points from Hochschild's book King Leopold's Ghost, which chronicles the atrocities implemented by the Belgium monarch against the Congolese people. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, King Leopold II of Belgium carved out a personal kingdom in the African Congo and built an enormous personal fortune, which cost, at least, 10 million African lives. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khleoII.wps

Advocacy - World Vision's Hope Initiative
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A 10 page paper. World Vision launched the Hope Initiative specifically to combat the epidemic of HIV/AIDS. This essay discusses the socio-political and organizational contexts of this group's advocacy efforts, explains the type of advocacy the group performs and discuses the socio-political aspects of this global group's work. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PGwvsaid.rtf

Africa and AIDS:
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This 10 page paper discusses the startling issue of AIDS in Africa. Furthermore, this paper presents the scope of the problem as well as trends and methods of managing the problem. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: GSAfaids.rtf

Africa and International Systems;
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This 24 page paper considers the international relations and trading position of Africa with its unique problems and developments and the way that these are manifesting themselves political as well as economically in both the domestic policies as well as international relations. The paper includes consideration of the economic, political and social problems and uses country case studies of Kenya and Zimbabwe to illustrate many of the points raised. The bibliography cites 19 sources
Filename: TEafrica.wps

Africa and Western Influence
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This 6 page paper explores the question as to whether or not Western education and economic development in Africa was designed to help Africans or exploit them. The answer is determined from a portion of a book called Historical Problems of Imperial Africa. Both sides of the issue are discussed. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA117Afr.doc

Africa Essay Questions
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A 5 page paper answering various questions about the continent of Africa; the influence of Islam and Christianity on the indigenous peoples; and links between present-day difficulties and colonial-era divisions. The questions address religion, female genital mutilation, geographical influences on migration patterns and other topics. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSAfrQues.wps

Africa Under Apartheid
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5 pages. With the decline of agricultural price in the 1870’s and 1880’s that led to lower-class southern whites to join farmers throughout the country in populist political movements, political leaders sought to unite the racial lines in order to effect more votes from the black voters. This did not work and the populist revolt died away after 1896. This then refutes some of what society was attempting to resolve. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAafhis.rtf

African Civilizations
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A 5 page research paper that discusses the lost glories of African civilization. The writer argues that Europeans had to construct the myth that Africans were uncivilized savages in order to justify the African slave trade with the tenets of Christianity and that, in reality, Africans civilizations produced great scholarship and art. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: 99blkciv.rtf

African Globalization in Appiah and Diawara
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A five page paper looking at the challenge of the modernization of Africa as discussed by Manthia Diawara in his "In Search of Africa" and Kwarme Anthony Appiah in "In My Father's House." The paper concludes that while Diawara advocates Westernizing the African continent and its people, Appiah celebrates its uniquely African voice. No additional sources.
Filename: KBafrica.wps

African Government and Politics: Sudan
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This 12 page paper provides an overview of the conflict in Sudan. The history of the country as well as economic and political problems are highlighted. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA616Sud.rtf

African Ideology and Culture: Past and Continued Impacts on African Americans
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A 6 page discussion of the continued importance of Africa culture and ideology to African Americans. To these people Africa was, and will continue to be a continual theme in their culture and even their perceptions of themselves. It was the underlying commonality of their Africanness which pulled African Americans one of the most turbulent times of their history, the time of slavery. It is this same underlying theme of Africanness which continues to consolidate the African Americans and which allows them to resist total assimilation into white culture. Some suggests that the creation of Africa-centered schools would be a positive factor in the welfare of contemporary Black Americans. While the ideology and culture of Africa is something which should continue to be stressed into our future, however, the segregation of black from white in the form of Africa-centered schools would only be a regress into our past. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPblkAfr.wps

African Immigration In England
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A 15 page paper. This essay discusses immigration into the United Kingdom with an emphasis on African immigrants in London. Throughout the essay, reference are made to three families, each of which is headed by a single African mother, two of whom are from Kenya and one from Uganda. The writer reports immigration data, English as a second language data, early conditions the women faced in Africa, education success of ethnic minorities, particularly African Black, the proportion who go on for higher education, and other issues. The interview with the women is hypothetical, all other information is factual. Statistical data are included. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PGukafrim.rtf

African Indigenous Religious Belief
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A 14 page research paper that explores the nature and characteristics of traditional African religions, discussing these characteristics before and after the coming of outside influences and stressing the role of African religion in maintaining African identity and cultural values. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: khafind.rtf

African Literature and Colonialism
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This 7 page paper looks at two works-- Matigari by Ngugi Wa Thiong'O and Steven Biko's I Write What I Like—and analyzes them in respect to various conditions in postcolonial Africa. The impact of colonial rule is explored in the context of these works as it applies to Africa and elsewhere. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA119Afr.doc

African Mythology: The Influences and the Commonalities
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A 10 page overview of the many factors which have affected the African oral tradition. Definitions of such critical terms as mythology and culture are provided in a discussion of the manner in which oral tradition has changed over time. The influence on Europeans in bother altering oral tradition and misinterpreting it is noted and a brief review of the common elements found in many African stories is provided. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPafrMyt.rtf

African Nationalists / Role
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A 5 page research paper on the problems facing African nationalists such as internal conflicts and lack of international support. The writer argues for international support of this emerging organization. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Cnafrina.wps

African Political Leaders; Gabon and Angola
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This 5 page paper looks at of these two leaders, their rise to power and their rule. First the writer considers President Jose Eduardo dos Santos President of Angola and his political career along with key events during that career. Then the writer continues with Omar Bongo President of Gabon, giving a brief critique of his career with major key events, finally this paper looks at the corruption found within the two countries especially with the two presidents themselves. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEaflead.wps

African Polygamy
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A 5 page research paper that examines the current situation in several African countries in regards to polygamy. The writer argues that the justification that many African Islamic men offer for polygamy is out-of-date, and no longer applicable in today's society. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khafpoly.wps

African Quarantine Of AIDS
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which develops into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is spreading, literally unchecked, in sub-Saharan Africa. This 5 page paper argues that the need for solutions, the use of segregation or the quarantine of those with the disease is thought to be the best solution to halting and, perhaps, reversing the trend toward annihilation. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KTaidqnt.rtf

African Research/Contributions to All Disciplines
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A 7 page summary and critique of Africa and the Disciplines (1993), a compilation of essays that argue that African research is not only vital to disciplines such as economics, history and politics, but that this research helped to form the substance of these disciplines as we know them today. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khafdis.rtf

African Slavery
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7 pages. The African Slave trade encompasses a large part of our history that should never be forgotten; not to be remembered for the atrocities in order to re-live them again and again, but to remember how far we have come from those days, and how far we have yet to go. This paper reflects upon how African slavery began, the journey to the new land, how it impacted the colonies and what life was like as a slave. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: JGAslvtr.rtf

African Tribal Culture / Rites Of Passage
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This 12 page paper focuses upon a number of African rites of passage as they pertains to young men. The Bushmen, Toma, Gisu, Makonde and Masai tribes are among those highlighted. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: Rites.wps

African Tribal Groups / The Nuer and E.E. Evans-Pritchard
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A 7 page paper that reviews Evans-Pritchard's perspectives on the culture, society, community, and kinship of the Nuer of the Southern Sudan. 1 source cited.
Filename: Nuer.wps

African Unity
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The problems that plague Africa are much the same as those that plague any industrialized society: poverty, crime, need for educational standards and rising health concerns, including the spread of HIV/AIDS. The challenge of unification goes somewhat beyond the issues faced as an industrialized society and into historical conflict and economic patterns. This 5 page paper argues that the issues that stand in the way of unification include intertribal and cultural wars, poverty, competition for resources, political interference and the need for education. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KTafrnat.rtf

African “AIDS Orphans”
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This 10 page paper explores the plight of the African “AIDS orphans,” children who have been orphaned by the death of their parents from AIDS. These children face significant difficulties not faced by other children who are orphaned in other ways. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: HVaidsor.rtf

Africana Studies
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A 3 page paper discussing the evolution and relevance of this growing interdisciplinary field of study encompassing Africa, African Americans and the diaspora. Failing to study origins and results of these effects leaves a gaping hole that has existed for a long time. Africana Studies seeks to fill that void. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSafricanaStu.rtf

Africa’s Pre-Colonial Systems of Peoplehood
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Africa’s Pre-Colonial Systems of Peoplehood: This 9-page essay examines a number of Africa’s pre-colonial systems prior to the 1800’s. Only the very naοve would think that disorganized savages were the sole inhabitants of pre-colonial Africa – particularly when looking at the history of the Ashanti confederation -- just one example of the many nation-states that existed at the time. Bibliography lists 7 sources. SNPrecol.doc
Filename: SNPrecol.rtf

Africa’s Relationship with Europe
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A 3 page paper outlining the course of relations of Europe and Africa, from initial inquiry to the “Middle Passage,” to colonization and eventually freedom. Virtually all sea-faring European nations took a turn at Africa. The path of decolonization followed a pattern common among colonies gaining their independence from a foreign power. Those in leadership positions initially looked to the occupying power for assistance, then for freedom and self-determination. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSafricaEurHis.rtf

After Apartheid
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A 2 page essay about sociopolitical conditions for Blacks in South Africa since the collapse of apartheid. Bibliography lists 4 references.
Filename: Aparaftr.wps

AIDS and South Africa: A Global Perspective
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An 8 page outline of the problems facing South Africa in terms of effectively addressing the AIDS epidemic. This paper assesses the AIDS epidemic in the region from the perspective of the cultural behaviors and mindsets which continue to feed it. The contention is presented that the most effective address of the problem must overcome the cultural refusal to acknowledge it. Home testing coupled with government-enforced mandatory attendance at educational workshops is proposed as being a solution which will ensure self-awareness, avoid social ostracization, and hopefully spawn positive behavior change. A free one-page solution outline is included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPaidsAf.rtf

AIDS in Africa
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A 4 page assessment of the impacts Africa has endured at the hands of Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The author provides statistics and examines the reasons that this region has been hit so hard. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPaidAf2.rtf

AIDS In Africa: Comparison Of Two Articles
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5 pages in length. Educating the public on AIDS prevention is a difficult objective under the best of circumstances; finally having the cooperation of mass media as a strategy of control makes achieving that goal almost effortless, inasmuch as media sources have the power to educate the masses when they choose to do so. African media are beginning to understand their collective importance in the fight against AIDS by utilizing the force inherent to their extended reach into the population. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCAIDSAfr.rtf

AIDS/HIV AND ETHICS IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN WORKPLACE
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This 6 page paper investigates the ethical dilema facing business owners in South AFrica in regard to the spread of HIV/AIDS and the use of a policy in the workplace. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MBafaid.rtf

Algeria: French Colonization
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A 9 page review of the France's colonization of Algeria. This paper examines the impetus for that colonization and its long-term effects. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPalgeriaFrnchColoniz.rtf

AMANDLA
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This 5 page paper discusses the musical stylings, trend, culture of Amandla. Artists featured as well as the film discussed. Bibliographpy lists 4 sources.
Filename: MBmndla.rtf

An Argument for Monogamy
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In this 5 page report, the writer makes an excellent argument for monogamy-- describing it in an historical context as actually outdating polygamy. The evolution of hunting societies and the imbalance of sexes in society are two of the many causal factors attributed to the unfortunate rise of polygamy. In great detail, the writer also explores social, medical, and economic reasons to promote monogamy. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Monogamy.wps

An Explication of Lenrie Peters’ Poem “Homecoming”
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This is 4 page paper meant as an explication of Lenrie Peters’ poem “Homecoming”. Gambian poet and novelist Lenrie Peters was born in 1932 in Bathurst, the capital of Gambia during the time when Gambia was still a British colony. The background of Peters and that of his country is important when analyzing his poem “Homecoming” as readers can better understand the climate in which he left Gambia to become educated and that to which he returned many years later. The poem “Homecoming” is among his collection which shows the corruptive greed of the tribal leaders while at the same time is balanced by “nostalgia for a pastoral past with cautious assertion of hope for a future built on that past”. Peters’ “Homecoming” writes of the sadness and strange shadows and skeletons which awaited him when he returned to Gambia to which he had “longed for returning”. The poem can be analyzed through several meanings including literal, connoted, figurative, imagery, allusions and tone among others. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJLPete1.rtf

An International Relations Model to Combat Problems in Africa
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This 3 page paper outlines the problems in Africa and goes on to provide solutions for the struggling continent. Attention is placed on the failure of IMF. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA520Af.rtf

Analysis of "Doctor Worreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World":
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This 3 page paper discusses this complex and insightful telling of the oppression of the Aborigines in Australia. This story illustrates the ways in which the whites oppressed the blacks and how the culture and history of the Aborigines was devestated as a result. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: GSDocWoo.rtf

Analysis of AIDS in Africa
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A 6 page paper which examines and evaluates 5 different web articles on the topic of AIDS in Africa. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAaids5a.rtf

Analysis of Three Articles about Kush History from the 25th Dynasty in Egypt until their Concentration in Meroe
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This is a 7 page paper discussing three articles on Kush history from the 25th dynasty in Egypt until their concentration in Meroe. The history of the Kush of Nubia is recounted in three articles by Helen Chapin Metz, Claude Rilly and Noah Kippley-Ogman. The Kush were concentrated in Nubia until the expansion of their strength and influence eventually led to them conquering Egypt around 750 B.C. and ruled during the 25th dynasty until approximately 656 B.C. At this time, they were invaded by the Assyrians which led to their retreat to Napata and eventually Meroe. Once concentrated in Meroe, the Kush became a major trading force based on their central location and production and trade of their own iron. Eventually however, the Kush became weakened through the exploitation of their own resources which led to the loss of their farming industry and the end of the Roman empire which reduced trade along their route. Meroe was eventually conquered by the Axumite army A.D. 350 thus ending their independence. Metz, Rilly and Kippley-Ogman provide slightly different perspectives, details and areas of concentration in their articles which provide readers with an overall history of the Kush but are not necessarily consistent in the details of each era of the Kush. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TJNubia1.rtf

Ancient Egyptian Civilization
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A 5 page overview of the various factors which interacted to shape ancient Egyptian culture. Egyptian archaeology and the Egyptian written record stand in testament to the fact of the existence and power of a central government and a strong social stratification. Egyptian architecture could have never been created, in fact, without this social stratification, a stratification which thrives because of the vivid contrast between the most powerful and the most weak in Egyptian society. The record which ancient Egyptians have left behind is one which emphasizes the fact of a multitude of influences from a diversity of cultures which all worked ogether to create a unique Egyptian society. Bibliography lists 4sources.
Filename: PPegyCiv.rtf