Africana Studies
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A 3 page paper discussing the evolution and relevance of this growing interdisciplinary field of study encompassing Africa, African Americans and the diaspora. Failing to study origins and results of these effects leaves a gaping hole that has existed for a long time. Africana Studies seeks to fill that void. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSafricanaStu.rtf

After Apartheid
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A 2 page essay about sociopolitical conditions for Blacks in South Africa since the collapse of apartheid. Bibliography lists 4 references.
Filename: Aparaftr.wps

AIDS and South Africa: A Global Perspective
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An 8 page outline of the problems facing South Africa in terms of effectively addressing the AIDS epidemic. This paper assesses the AIDS epidemic in the region from the perspective of the cultural behaviors and mindsets which continue to feed it. The contention is presented that the most effective address of the problem must overcome the cultural refusal to acknowledge it. Home testing coupled with government-enforced mandatory attendance at educational workshops is proposed as being a solution which will ensure self-awareness, avoid social ostracization, and hopefully spawn positive behavior change. A free one-page solution outline is included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPaidsAf.rtf

AIDS in Africa
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A 4 page assessment of the impacts Africa has endured at the hands of Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The author provides statistics and examines the reasons that this region has been hit so hard. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPaidAf2.rtf

AIDS In Africa: Comparison Of Two Articles
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5 pages in length. Educating the public on AIDS prevention is a difficult objective under the best of circumstances; finally having the cooperation of mass media as a strategy of control makes achieving that goal almost effortless, inasmuch as media sources have the power to educate the masses when they choose to do so. African media are beginning to understand their collective importance in the fight against AIDS by utilizing the force inherent to their extended reach into the population. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCAIDSAfr.rtf

AIDS/HIV AND ETHICS IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN WORKPLACE
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This 6 page paper investigates the ethical dilema facing business owners in South AFrica in regard to the spread of HIV/AIDS and the use of a policy in the workplace. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MBafaid.rtf

Algeria: French Colonization
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A 9 page review of the France's colonization of Algeria. This paper examines the impetus for that colonization and its long-term effects. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPalgeriaFrnchColoniz.rtf

AMANDLA
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This 5 page paper discusses the musical stylings, trend, culture of Amandla. Artists featured as well as the film discussed. Bibliographpy lists 4 sources.
Filename: MBmndla.rtf

An Argument for Monogamy
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In this 5 page report, the writer makes an excellent argument for monogamy-- describing it in an historical context as actually outdating polygamy. The evolution of hunting societies and the imbalance of sexes in society are two of the many causal factors attributed to the unfortunate rise of polygamy. In great detail, the writer also explores social, medical, and economic reasons to promote monogamy. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Monogamy.wps

An Explication of Lenrie Peters’ Poem “Homecoming”
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This is 4 page paper meant as an explication of Lenrie Peters’ poem “Homecoming”. Gambian poet and novelist Lenrie Peters was born in 1932 in Bathurst, the capital of Gambia during the time when Gambia was still a British colony. The background of Peters and that of his country is important when analyzing his poem “Homecoming” as readers can better understand the climate in which he left Gambia to become educated and that to which he returned many years later. The poem “Homecoming” is among his collection which shows the corruptive greed of the tribal leaders while at the same time is balanced by “nostalgia for a pastoral past with cautious assertion of hope for a future built on that past”. Peters’ “Homecoming” writes of the sadness and strange shadows and skeletons which awaited him when he returned to Gambia to which he had “longed for returning”. The poem can be analyzed through several meanings including literal, connoted, figurative, imagery, allusions and tone among others. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJLPete1.rtf

An International Relations Model to Combat Problems in Africa
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This 3 page paper outlines the problems in Africa and goes on to provide solutions for the struggling continent. Attention is placed on the failure of IMF. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA520Af.rtf

Analysis of "Doctor Worreddy's Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World":
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This 3 page paper discusses this complex and insightful telling of the oppression of the Aborigines in Australia. This story illustrates the ways in which the whites oppressed the blacks and how the culture and history of the Aborigines was devestated as a result. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: GSDocWoo.rtf

Analysis of AIDS in Africa
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A 6 page paper which examines and evaluates 5 different web articles on the topic of AIDS in Africa. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAaids5a.rtf

Analysis of Three Articles about Kush History from the 25th Dynasty in Egypt until their Concentration in Meroe
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This is a 7 page paper discussing three articles on Kush history from the 25th dynasty in Egypt until their concentration in Meroe. The history of the Kush of Nubia is recounted in three articles by Helen Chapin Metz, Claude Rilly and Noah Kippley-Ogman. The Kush were concentrated in Nubia until the expansion of their strength and influence eventually led to them conquering Egypt around 750 B.C. and ruled during the 25th dynasty until approximately 656 B.C. At this time, they were invaded by the Assyrians which led to their retreat to Napata and eventually Meroe. Once concentrated in Meroe, the Kush became a major trading force based on their central location and production and trade of their own iron. Eventually however, the Kush became weakened through the exploitation of their own resources which led to the loss of their farming industry and the end of the Roman empire which reduced trade along their route. Meroe was eventually conquered by the Axumite army A.D. 350 thus ending their independence. Metz, Rilly and Kippley-Ogman provide slightly different perspectives, details and areas of concentration in their articles which provide readers with an overall history of the Kush but are not necessarily consistent in the details of each era of the Kush. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TJNubia1.rtf

Ancient Egyptian Civilization
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A 5 page overview of the various factors which interacted to shape ancient Egyptian culture. Egyptian archaeology and the Egyptian written record stand in testament to the fact of the existence and power of a central government and a strong social stratification. Egyptian architecture could have never been created, in fact, without this social stratification, a stratification which thrives because of the vivid contrast between the most powerful and the most weak in Egyptian society. The record which ancient Egyptians have left behind is one which emphasizes the fact of a multitude of influences from a diversity of cultures which all worked ogether to create a unique Egyptian society. Bibliography lists 4sources.
Filename: PPegyCiv.rtf

Ancient Kemet
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5 pages in length. The writer discusses cultural principles, government, social status, women warriors, religion and trade as they relate to ancient Kemet (pharonic Egypt). Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCafric.wps

Anthony Appiah/ 'In my father's house'
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A 5 page analysis of African writer Anthony Appiah's book In My Father's House. In this work, Appiah rejects what he refers to as the 'rhetoric of descent,' and advocates a 'reasonable' course for identifying and consenting to a paradigm that defines issues concerning African identity, No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99appiah.rtf

Anti-Terrorism Measures in South Africa
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This 5 page paper discusses the legislation enacted last year in South Africa to combat terrorism, and why it is necessary. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVAntiSA.rtf

Anwar Sadat
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A paper which looks in detail at Anwar Sadat's leadership style, with reference to his cultural background, the political situation in Egypt in the twentieth century, and the impact which Sadat made on international politics during his term in office. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JLsadat.rtf

Apartheid
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Segregation is a word that is often used in the context of American social structure prior to 1964 when legislation was passed that mandated an end to discrimination. Most Americans have come to believe that the practices that kept Blacks separate from Whites was abhorrent. This 5 page paper explores the ramifications of the mandated segregation in South Africa known as apartheid. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KTapthid.wps

Apartheid
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A 5 page paper which discusses how and what Apartheid ended in South Africa. The paper discusses conditions today, illustrating that, while they are not perfect, they are clearly an improvement over the times of apartheid. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAaparthd.wps

Apartheid Law: South Africa 1948 to 1979
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An overview of the many laws which were implemented in South Africa between 1948 and 1979 in regard to apartheid, the separation of the races. Notes the major laws such as the Homeland Policy, Laws Banning Interracial Marriage, Immorality Amendment, Population Registration Act, Group Areas Act, Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, and the Act requiring the Removal of Colored from the Common Voters Roll; all implemented in the late 1940s and the 1950s. Discusses the consequences of each and notes the gradual trend toward nullifying that legislation which has occurred in the last three decades. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPafrLaw.wps

Arab Nationalism: Egypt
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A 10 page paper which examines the evolution of Arab Nationalism in Egypt. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAgyis.rtf

Arrow of God: A Review of the Factors Responsible for Ulu’s Loss of Influence in Umauaro
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An 8 page paper providing a brief synopsis of the book by Chinua Achebe. The author of this paper places the events which unfold in the book in a historical context, asserting that the problems which occurred in Umauaro and which “Arrow of God” presents as revolving primarily around the loss of influence of the god Ulu cannot be solely placed on the shoulders of the chief priest Ezeulu. Indeed, the problems which resulted in Umauaro are just a small reflection of those that resulted throughout Africa. The blame is more accurately placed on the British and on the villagers themselves for succumbing to greed and corruption. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PParrow.rtf

Asian v. African & Latin American Growth
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An 8 page research paper that contrasts and compares the economic growth of countries in Asia to those in Latin America and Africa, specifically addressing why growth elsewhere in the world has not matched the performance of Asia economies. The writer argues that the blame lies primarily with government mismanagement, corruption and greed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: khasafla.rtf

Aswan High Dam
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In 8 pages, the writer analytically discusses the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River in Egypt, giving an analysis of the sociopolitical aspects involved. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Aswanhi.wps

Bass's Camping With the Prince and Other Tales of Science in Africa
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This 10 page paper reviews this book about Africa. Several quotes are included. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA616Bas.rtf

Beah: “A Long Way Gone”
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This 3 page paper discusses the book “A Long Way Gone” by Ishmael Beah, about his experiences as a “boy soldier” in the Sierra Leone civil war. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVlngway.rtf

Black Cultural Strengths the Foundation of African America:
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This 16-page-paper presents an in-depth discussion regarding the cultural strengths of African American families. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: CWafrfam.wps

BOTSWANA: AN OVERVIEW
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This 5-page paper provides an overview of Botswana and its potential position on nuclear energy power and the Global Nuclear Energy Project (GNEP). Bibliograhy lists 4 sources.
Filename: MTbotswana.rtf

Brazilian Macumba and its Influence on National Identity
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This 3 page paper argues that Macumba has a negative connotation primarily due to the relationship between Macumba and slavery. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA812Mac.rtf

Breaking the Pressure of Silence in Ba’s So Long a Letter
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Time, place, expectation, disappointment, surrender, rebellion, desired commitment and buried anger all surface in women of every culture, but when Mariama Ba applies them to her African marriage culture in So Long a Letter, she goes a phase deeper into female existence. It is that silent partner, always a step behind, always there, always observing, not quite doing and not quite asserting itself into the whole. From this part of herself, Ba breaks the final barrier to silence. Bibliography lists 1 source. jvBALong.rtf
Filename: jvBALong.rtf

Bridewealth and Dowry
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A 6 page paper assessing whether bridewealth and dowry practices in Africa protect women or further gender inequality. Both bridewealth and dowry have had the effect of redistributing wealth within the areas in which the people practicing it live, and in so doing also provide a homogenizing effect on class and status in Africa. The nature and uses of both forms have been changing in recent years, however, so that at present bridewealth among the elites often fills a role traditionally reserved for dowry. Though the concepts of bridewealth and dowry seem backward to those not practicing them, they have the effect of protecting women rather than undermining the advance of gender equality in Africa. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSafrBridew.rtf

Bryce Courtenay's "The Power Of One": Alternative Ending
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7 pages in length. Rising up against social dictate is never an easy objective, particularly when one is a child of African apartheid. Peekay, the protagonist in Bryce Courtenay's The Power of One overtly abandons all he knows of racial and political limitations, choosing instead to focus his life upon the elements of positive approach. Clearly, the only means by which Peekay could break free from the inherent constraints of racial tension was to rise above it. Changing the ending from the unexpected tryst between the hero and the neo-Nazi is not that difficult a task, inasmuch as one might readily envision a majority of South Africa's white voters ratifying de Klerk's decision to progress toward black majority rule. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCbryce.wps

Business Plan Talk Radio Show In Nigeria
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This 6 page paper presents a business plan for beginning a talk radio show in Nigeria. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGnigrrd.rtf

Camara Laye's 'The Dark Child' / An Autobiographical Look At Africa
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A 5 page essay on this book which examines traditional tribal life in Africa.
Filename: Darkchi.wps

Can the African Union be a Success?
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The Organisation of African Unity (OAU), has developed into the African Union,(AU), with the stated objective of creating a union similar to the European Union. This 15 page paper considers if this is a realistic goal. The writer looks at the development of the European Union and compares this to the development of the AU, finding many similarities and differences. The challenges that face the AU are also considered. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEafricUn.rtf

Cape Town in a Nutshell
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This 5 page paper examines Cape Town. Looking at it form the perspective of a tourist of business visitor the paper outlines the relevant issues any traveller should be aware of. Included in the paper are health issues, travel facilities, food and culture as well as the less attractive aspects of the town, including street children and poverty. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEcapetw.wps

Cape Town; Development Until 1850
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This 6 page paper looks at Cape Town, South Africa from its beginnings to 1850. The paper summarises the trends and development of the city within this time frame, with specific examples and link the trends to broader global processes and the experience of modernity with other cities such as Mexico City, Paris, Istanbul and Tokyo. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEcapetown.rft

Casablanca v. Monrovia
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A 4 page essay on the various effects and use of democracy among the Casablanca group and the Monrovian group (1963) in Africa. The writer posits that the leaders of some of the African nations within these groups have failed to come to terms with the socialist-democratic issue. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Casamonr.wps

Cassava
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This 5 page paper provides an overview on the plant cassava used to prepare a variety of meals. The safety of the product is explored as well as its significance to African culture. Outline is included. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA028Cas.rtf

Celebrity in modern British art: Dalwood and Ofili
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A paper which looks at two works by modern artists - Kurt Cobain's Greenhouse, by Dalwood, and Afrodizzia, by Ofili - and considers them as specific examples of the way in which celebrities are portrayed. Bibliography lists 7 sources
Filename: JLdalwood.rtf

Changes in Egypt and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century
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A 6 page paper discussing mechanisms by which Egypt was able to pull away from Turkey before achieving independence from the British. Until each nation achieved independence in the early 20th century, the histories of Egypt and Turkey had been intertwined for hundreds of years. As the original conquering nation, Turkey was the one with greater influence over the other, but Egypt was able to recover and begin developing at a faster pace as the Ottoman Empire slid into decline. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KS-EgyptTurkey.wps

CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGER
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This 5-page paper focuses on various aspects of Niger, including the economy and income, climate, financial situation and other aspects. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MTnigera.rtf

Characteristics of the Angola Economy
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14 pages. A study on the characteristics of the African country of Angola including its economy, the macroeconomic variables, its position in the world economy, where it has been in the recent past where it is at the present and where it is heading in the future. The data concerning the Angola economy is presented in this thorough research paper as well as a comparative analysis to some of the other African economies. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JGAangla.wps