The Long Walk to Freedom
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A 3 page overview of Nelson Mandela’s insights into the South African apartheid movement. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPmandelaLongWalk.rtf

The Maji Maji Rebellion
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A 10 page discussion of the Maji Maji rebellion as an example of the effects of harsh European controls in Africa during the early 20th century. Several African nations had fallen under the powerful influence of a German monetary economy and Maji Maji essentially represented a collective effort for Independence. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Majimaji.wps

The Military in Sudan
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This 9 page paper examines the military forces in Sudan. Problems within the nation are touched on as well as how outside forces have helped. Various issues are broached and the history about Sudan is relayed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA516Sud.rtf

The Nature And Impact Of European Imperialism Upon Existing African Societies
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3 pages in length. African life has always been a seamless web, forever moving from one generation to another all the while upholding traditional culture and faith as a means by which to survive, a reality that came to an abrupt halt when European Imperialism fell upon the land. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCEuroImpr.rtf

The New South Africa
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A 10 page paper which examines South Africa today focusing primarily on David Goodman’s book “Fault Lines: Journeys into the New South Africa.” Also examined is George Bizos’ “No One to Blame: In pursuit of justice in South Africa.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAsthaf.rtf

The Nuer Religion & Its Views Of Nature
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A 10 page paper discussing the Nuer religion in Africa and its views regarding nature, as well as the foundation for those beliefs. There are currently close to one million Nuer living in the Sudan and Ethiopia. Bibliography lists six sources.
Filename: Relnuer.wps

The Origins of African-American Religion:
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This 6 page paper discusses the history of African-American Christianity. This paper looks to Africa as well as slave trading for roots into this diverse religion. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSReligi.rtf

The Pacification of the Primitives - Achebe's Presentation of Imperialism in Things Fall Apart
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A 4 page paper that examines the manner in which African author Chinua Achebe challenges traditional ideas of imperialism in his novel entitled Things Fall Apart. A short synopsis of the novel's plot is included, with particular emphasis placed on the sections in which Achebe emphasizes the uneven trade of time honored tradition for Western cultural imperialism. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: LCPacifi.doc

The Peacekeeping Role of South Africa
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This 7 page paper examines the role of South Africa in the post-apartheid era. Several charts are included. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA509Pce.rtf

The Policy Process In Developing/Emerging Countries: Nigeria
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15 pages in length. Every civilization, every society, every cultural subgroup of human beings has utilized policy as a way in which to promote progress and improve upon continued existence as a species; while some policies serve to stratify those within a particular culture, policy is also the vehicle that provides opportunities where they heretofore did not exist. The extent to which the policy process seeks to improve the outcome for any given number of people on a particular subject is both grand and far-reaching; that the process as an entity in and of itself is often fraught with inequity, procrastination and personal agenda speaks to the difficulties inherent to creating policy that is advantageous to all. Nigeria is no stranger to the struggles associated with the policy process, inasmuch as her people have long struggled to erect policy that is conducive for them rather than the omnipotent powers that have historically taken heavy-handed control over her policy process. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: TLCPolicyNiger.rtf

The Political Success And Fall Of Kwame Nkrumah
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An 11 page paper that discusses three aspects of Nkrumah's politics. These are: inspiration for political theories, his rise to power, and his fall. The paper addresses Nkrumah's philosophies and affiliations generally, his communistic affiliations, his affiliation with George Padmore that brought him to power, and the internal and external political decisions he made affecting the overthrow of the Nkrumah government. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Nkrumah.doc

THE PORTRAYAL OF AFRICA IN LITERATURE
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This 4 page paper discusses the influence of Africa over the characters in Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Kingslover's The Poisonwood Bible. Quotes cited from texts. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MBlitaf.rtf

The Power of Persuasion: No Magic Bullet for the Continuing Problems in Darfur
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A 6 page consideration of why Americans have not been inspired to act in regard to the atrocities that continue to occur in Darfur. This paper contrasts our lack of action to the decisive action that occurred after the infamous Ida B. Wells speech exposing the early twentieth century lynchings of African Americans in the early twentieth century. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPdarfurwhynousintervention.rtf

The Problem of the HIV / AIDS Orphans in Sub Sahara Africa
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This 39 page paper is an in-depth look at the problems faced by orphans who have lost their parents as a result of AIDS. The paper starts with an introduction outlining the purpose of the study and the contents. The paper is written in chapters examining the virus and its' prevalence, then looking at orphans who are HIV positive, the changes the high death rate is causing in the social structures, the physical and mental impact of the situation on the orphans and the policies an actions which are in place. The bibliography cites 47 sources.
Filename: TEaidshiva.rtf

The Promotion of Childhood Immunization in Africa
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This 6 page paper provides a plan for a public health nurse to implement in order to improve the rate of immunization throughout the world. The target population is children in Africa. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA545imm.rtf

THE PROPHETESS BY NJABULO NDEBELE
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This 12 page paper discusses the use of culture, superstition and theme in Ndebele's book, The Prophetess. Issues of belief versus non-belief explored as well as personal examples of such issues as betrayal and fright. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: MBndele.rtf

The Question of Identity of Olaudah Equiano in “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano” (1789)
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This is a 4 page paper discussing “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African” and the inconsistent details within the narrative which make the reader question the identity of the author. “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African” was written in English in 1789 and tells of Equiano’s life as a slave. Originally born in Benen, he was enslaved and suffered terribly but later managed to acquire enough learning and independence to become a major influence in advocating the end of the slave trade in Europe with the popularity of his narrative. Within the narrative however, there are several aspects and inconsistencies which bring into question the identity of its author. The narrative is extremely well narrated and written which leads to the authenticity of its narrator in regards to his educational background. The narrative also changes a great deal throughout in regards to formality of speech, first-person third-person shifts and his surprising reactions to others slaves in addition to be occasionally afforded liberty in his movements despite being a slave. Another possibility in regards to the narrative would be that while Equiano may have narrated it, it was written and published in England by someone who may have had a hand in its extensive editing to make it more acceptable within the English publishing market. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TJOEqui1.rtf

The Role of African Women in the Thirties
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(5 pp) There are times when we are hearing a story, or an event told by a friend, and we almost automatically say, I can't imagine that. Perhaps that is even why some of us have such a great enjoyment of reading, in that it expands our sense of imagination. We can imagine more as we experience the stories of others. It has been said that the best way to learn of history is not from the facts in a book, but rather from the stories or memories of someone who was in the experience. Such is the case of her 1942 memoir, West with the Night by Beryl Markham. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBwestwn.doc

The Role of Family in the Culture of Mexico, Russia, and Nigeria
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In 5 pages, the author discusses the role of family in the culture of Mexico, Russia, and Nigeria. The countries of Mexico, Russia, and Nigeria each have their own cultures. The role of family plays an important part in each of those countries. Each country has its own traditions, its holidays, and its sense of community. Each country is steeped in tradition. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PCrfcmrn.wps

The Role of the Medical Anthropologist in Controlling Malaria in Namibia
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This 6 page paper provides an overview of the role of a medical anthropologist in controlling malaria in Namibia. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MHMalarNam.rtf

The state-civil dichotomy in relation to Africa
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A paper which considers the extent to which the state-civil dichotomy can be useful in explaining economic stagnation in Africa, with particular reference to the conflict between state and NGOs in a post-colonial political environment. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: JLstateciv.rtf

The Subtle Rebellion Of African Slaves
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5 pages in length. Ever since slavery was a reality, the enslaved Africans fought to find their way back to freedom. Some methods called for violence; others were more subtle and intellectual. The writer examines these methods and touches upon the reason violent uprisings so rarely accomplished their goal.
Filename: Subtler.wps

The Sudan
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A 20 page paper on the land, government, and people of Sudan. The paper discusses some of the more interesting and relevant points of the Sudan and gives a little information on some things that someone might want to do there if they were to visit. There is a big map at the end of the paper as well as five smaller maps that help to identify certain points of interest. Extensive bibliography included.
Filename: Sudan1.wps

The Threat did the Zulu People Pose to the British Between 1835 and 1880?
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This 4 page paper considers the history and the threats posed by the Zulu nation to the British between the years of 1835 – 1880. The paper starts wit the rule of Shaka and ends with the end of the 1879 Zulu war that was costly to both sides and saw Zululand broken into small chiefdoms. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEzulus.rtf

The Tomb Of Opportunity
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This 3 page paper provides a creative look at what a man wishing to rob a tomb of Ancient Egypt might do to prepare for the effort. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KTtmbrob.wps

The Trouble in Rwanda
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This 4 page paper examines the genocide that occurred in Rwanda. The paper focuses on a book by Keane that examines incidents that occurred between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA517Rw .rtf

THE U.S. AND ANGOLA
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This 4-page paper discusses the U.S. relations with Angola and its limited military strategy in that country, dating from the Reagan Doctrine of the mid-1980s through President George W. Bush's recent lifting of sanctions against UNITA and Angola. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MTusango.rtf

The UN's Role in Rwandan Genocide
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A 12 page paper discussing the UN's failure to intervene in the ethnically-motivated slaughter of 800,000 civilians in Rwanda in 1994. The Hutus and Tutsis of Central Africa were able to live together in peace before European colonization came to the area in the 19th century, but their coexistence has been tense since. The paper provides some of the groups' history, but concentrates on the failure of the UN and the broader international community to step in to halt the slaughter and starvation. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSRwanda.wps

THE VISION OF PAN-AFRICANISM
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This paper discusses two visions involved with Pan-Africanism, one that focuses solely on assistance to those who reside in Africa, and the other, which embraces the concept that those who live outside of Africa need help as well. The paper compares and contrasts the two views. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTpanafr.rtf

THE VOODOO RELIGION
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This 5 page paper discusses the Voodoo religion, its history, origin, controversies and rituals. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MBvdoo.rtf

The War in the Congo and the Environment
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A 7 page paper which examines how the war in the Congo is affecting the wildlife and the environment. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAcngwr.rtf

The Xhosa People / Culture & Clash With Europeans
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The Xhosa speaking nation in South Africa is second only to the Zulus in numbers. This 11 page report describes their location, society, history, culture, tradition, family life, etc.; The writer also covers historical tensions occurring between the Xhosa people and Europeans who came to the Cape. It is argued that the Xhosas' own lack of political unity, belief in mysticism, etc.;-- prevented them from being able to defend themselves successfully against the Europeans when conflict arose. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Xhosa.rtf

Theology of Biblical Leadership
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A 4 page research paper/essay that draws on literature in order to discuss what constitutes a theology of biblical leadership. This examination of what scripture indicates pertaining to the theology of biblical leadership shows that this leadership model is similar to, but also distinctly different from secular models. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khtbl2.rtf

Things Fall Apart: pride comes before a fall
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This 6 page paper considers 'Things Fall Apart', written by Chinua Achebe. The writer considers both the story and the dialogue of the work, how they bring together an understanding of life and death, pride and prejudice within the Ibo people and the relying impact of the arrival of the white man. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEachebe.wps

Third World Debt Relief
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A 20 page paper discussing poverty alleviation in developing nations. Developed nations have been lending to poor ones for years, with the intention of assisting them achieve economic growth. The purpose of the desired growth is to lift the people of these nations from the abject poverty in which so many live. “From misery to poverty” is the aim that international financial institutions (IFIs) have had in taking on their “consulting” roles to the governments of poor nations. But as spending more than is available is not sustainable at the household level, neither is it sustainable at the macroeconomic level. Many of these nations carry such crushing debt that they seek to borrow additional funds merely to pay the interest on the loans they already have. The purpose here is to explore at least two alternatives to hopeless national debt. The paper discusses the HIPC Initiative for debt forgiveness and issues related to building an export-driven economy. Bibliography lists 23 sources.
Filename: KSglo3rdDebt.rtf

Too Many Mouths To Feed?
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This 9 page paper looks at the hypothesis that there is hunger in the developing world due to there being too many mouths to feed. The issues discussed include the natural conditions the supply of food, population control and better framing techniques, including genetic engineering. After this the paper looks at the problem on a global level, considering it to be problem of distribution rather than supply. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEhunger.wps

Tourism in Zimbabwe
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This 7 page paper provides an overview of tourism in Zimbabwe. This paper considers some of the issues in that country. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: MHZIMBAB.RTF

Trade Developing Countries
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This 8 page paper discusses how developing countries have fared with trade reforms and globalization. An emphasis is placed on Africa. The data are dismal. While more open trade has helped some nations, others are worse off now than they were twenty years ago. For instance, low income developing countries account for more than 40 percent of the world's population but they have access to only 3 percent of the world market. The essay provides an overview of world trade as it affects developing nations and the pressure being put on them to reform. The problems inhibiting African trade are identified. Data are included. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGafrtr.rtf

Traditional African Healers
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Within the traditional healing practices of Africa, the person is but one element of a wide spectrum of factors brought together in order to maintain balance and health. This 8 page paper explores the role of the traditional healer, diviner and herbalist in the changing health care paradigm of Africa. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: KTafrhlr.wps

Tragedy and Triumph: Viktor Frankl and Nelson Mandela
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A 3 page exploration of how tragedy can be turned into a positive impetus for strength and triumph. The author uses Frankl and Mandela as examples. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPtragedyStrength.rtf

Tunisia
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This 15 page report discusses the north Africa nation of Tunisia. Situated between Algeria and Libya, Tunisia is a surprising combination of social progressiveness, economic stability, and traditional culture. Once the location of one of the ancient world's most important city-states, Carthage, Tunisia has maintained a uniqueness and stability not found in the majority of African nations. Located between Algeria and Libya, the desert and coastal nation has a population of approximately 9 million people. Its progressive government has steadily improved Tunisia's economic and development status, leading it to a political and social stability virtually non-existent in Africa. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWtunis.rtf

Tyranny in Darfur
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A 7 page discussion of the Darfur situation. This paper analyzes Darfur from the perspective that there have been many contributory circumstances and events that have led up to it. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPdarfur.rtf

Unfair Treatment for Afro-Latin America
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This 5 page paper addresses issues related to the IMF and World Bank. Unfair treatment for people of color is a primary theme of this paper. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA717ALA.rtf

United Nations Human Development Program & The HDI
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This 32 page paper discuses the United Nations Human Development Programme, the UN Human Development Report and the UN Human Development Index. The paper begins with an overview of the history of the United Nations Development Programme, which can be traced back to the establishment of the UN itself. The evolution of the programs is traced from that point. The next section in this essay discussed the founding of the Human Development Report Office and its purpose which is followed by an explanation and discussion of the United Nations Human Development report, the first of which was commissioned in 1990. The purpose of the Report was and is to place an emphasis on people and human development instead of placing such a focus on economics of a country. Classifications of countries in the report is explained. The Human Development Index is discussed next. The Index ranks countries according to their Human Development Index calculations. The different dimensions in the indices are explains. The formula used to determine the Human Development Index ranking is reported with examples. A focus is place on infant mortality rates and why these are so important in measuring a nation's human development. 1 Table. Data are included. Bibliography lists 23 sources.
Filename: PGhdi.rtf

US-Libyan Relations, Sanctions & Aftermath
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A 10 page research paper discussing the effects of the bombing of TWA Flight 103 at Lockerbie, and the political aftermath of the US's fight for Gaddafi's extradition of the bombing suspects. With the ineffectiveness of UN sanctions, the US sanctions placed on Libya in 1996 have caused a global outcry against US extraterritorial legislation. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Cnlybia.wps