EGYPT: AN OVERVIEW
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This 5 page paper gives a detailed overview of Egypt in regard to its culture, geography, social environment, daily customs, economic and political envioronment, and import/export. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MBegypt1.rtf

Egyptian Journey to the Afterlife
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A 15 page discussion of the critical components of the ancient Egyptian's belief in an afterlife. Notes that much of our contemporary knowledge regarding ancient Egyptian culture is based on archaeological findings. Among the most interesting of these findings are those which relate to the elaborate worship rituals of the Egyptians, rituals which to a large degree were comprised of those relating to death and the afterlife. Provides an overview of Egyptian belief, preparation for the afterlife, mummification, the preparation of the body, rituals instructing the dead, the tombs, and ceremonies. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPegyDth.wps

Estimating the Life Expectancy of A Community's Citizens
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7 pages in length. In this study, the writer analyzes death records of a specific town and hypothesizes that the next 150 years will bring about a continued decrease in infant and child mortality as well as an augmentation in the number of years that people will live. A study of area tombstones is conducted and data is collected to determine common ages at which people have died over a period of about 150 years. A number of possible discrepancies are taken into account and conclusions are made with the help of supporting library research. Several illustrative charts are included. Bibliography lists 5 supporting sources.
Filename: Lifeexpy.wps

ET: Incas, Mayans, and Egyptians
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An 8 page paper which examines the link between extraterrestrials and the ancient civilizations of the Incas, the Mayans, and the Egyptians. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAetinc.rtf

Ethnic Humor and Ethnic Identity
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This is an 8 page paper discussing ethnic humor and ethnic identity. Traditional ethnic identity can be defined by language, culture, religion, and race, but more and more researchers are finding that ethnic humor is becoming a part of the ethnic identity especially in those who have left their homes to live within another culture which is totally different than their own. In many cases ethnic humor has been used to represent the oppression of a group, clear up interpretative misunderstandings of a group and help to define an ethnic group within a larger population. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJethnh1.rtf

Ethnocentrism
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A 3 page review of ethnocentrism. The author assesses both the negative and positive impacts of ethnocentrism. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPethno2.rtf

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
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This 5 page paper examines the ideas of cultural relativism and ethnocentrism as it respects anthropology. Whether or not bias on the part of anthropologists alters the objectivity of conclusions is discussed. Articles and book chapters submitted by a student are referred to in the text. No bibliography.
Filename: SA221cul.rtf

ETHNOLOGY
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This 3 page paper compares and contrast the ethnological differences of Frank Boas and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBethngy.rtf

ETHNOLOGY AS A GENRE OF ANTHROPOLOGY
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This 6 page paper deals with the philosophies and theories of Carl Jung, the individualization process, development of personality, weber and steven's laws, nature versus culture and its application to anthropology through ethnology.
Filename: MBethnogy.rtf

Ethnomusicology
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An 11 page discussion of the complexities of ethnomusicology. This paper defines the term and provides insight into how it provides insight on a culture's lifeways and origins. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPethnMs.rtf

Evangelium vitae/Nos. 1-78
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A 4 page essay that summarizes and analyzes the first sections of Pope John Paul II's eleventh encyclical, Evangelium vitae, which is addressed "To the Bishops, Priests and Deacons, Men and women religious, lay Faithful and all People of Good Will." As this indicates, John Paul is not simply emphasizing the Church's expectations for Catholics in this document, but rather he discusses the fundamental values that define our times as they apply to the "Value and Inviolability of Human Life" and in so doing addresses the entirety of humanity. In making this appeal, the pope grounds his argument not only in scripture, but in logical and astute observations of the human condition that are persuasive and compelling. No additional sources cited.
Filename: kh178.rtf

Evolution of the Races: The Value of Mitochondrial DNA Research
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A 15 page overview of the application of mitochondrial DNA research to tracing the relative ages and interrelationships of the contemporary races of human beings. Distinguishes between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Suggests that while mitochondrial DNA is particularly suited to this type of investigation it should be remembered that it is a newly-emerged technology which should be checked and cross-checked with other information such as the fossil record and oral tradition. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPdnaRac.wps

Excessive Multi-Cultural And Diversity Awareness Programs/Celebrations
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3 pages in length. The writer presents a brief response to a letter written by a very concerned American parent pertaining to excessive multi-cultural and diversity awareness programs/celebrations in his child's school district. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TLCMultiCele.rtf

Experiences Of Czech Immigrants In The U.S.
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A 5 page paper discussing the experiences of Czech Republic immigrants in the United States. The writer examines the 'push and pull' factors that resulted in their immigration and a number of the socio-economic factors that made them leave their homeland. Bibliography lists four sources.
Filename: Czech.doc

Expressions Of Respect And Shame
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Speech is embedded within human activity, that is, the style and content of communication patterns is directly related to the context. In Languages and Their Speakers, edited by Timothy Shopen, the use of language and its relationship to the culture of origin is explored. John Haviland teaches the reader How to Talk to Your Brother-in-Law in Guugu Yimidhirr while E. L. Keenen and Elinor Ochs speak of Becoming Competent Speakers of Malagasy. This 6 page paper examines the relationship between language and the social norms surrounding respect and shame that is presented in these two articles. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTresshm.wps

Fabulous Flapper Fashions Of The 'Roaring Twenties'
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A 5 page paper discussing the fashions of the 'Roaring '20s.' A brief outline of the various styles is provided as well as speculation as to how the fashions served as reflections of the decade. The freedom of the styles was a reflection of the freedom of the age. Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: Flapper.doc

Fashion During the 1950's
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5 pages in length. A well-written essay in which the writer demonstrates how popular fashions of the 1950's reflected the sociocultural mood of that particular era. It is posited that fashions are always representative of the mindstate of the people who live in the era during which they are popular. T-shirts, boots, jeans, and black leather jackets are among the many examples provided of fashion during the fifties. Bibliography lists 7 comprehensive sources.
Filename: Fashn50s.wps

Feminist Anthropology and Postmodern Criticism
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A 6 page discussion of feminist anthropology, the approach to anthropology which entails an intent to overcome the traditional male-dominate biases which have previously existed in the field. Presents the work of Sherry B. Ortner as well as numerous other authors to illustrate the premises of feminist anthropology. Points out that even this approach is not without its critics. Cautions that while some in anthropology today seek to take the discipline one more step, to use it as a tool for exposing the factors which result in the world's inequalities, particularly the inequalities between men and women and overcoming those factors, that approach is a distraction and indeed a threat to the traditional intent of the discipline. Concludes that the anthropologist is to observe and record, not to interfere in matters which were in existence long prior to our arrival on the scene. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPfemAnt.wps

Ferraro/Cultural Dimension of International Business
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A 4 page book review of Gary Ferraro's text The Culture Dimension of International Business (2003). Ferraro first lays out the need to understand other cultures on a practical level, defining culture and showing how the interplay of anthropological theory and business is crucial to success in the global marketplace. He then takes a fourfold approach in discussing the complex and varied ways in which culture intersects with the topic of international business, demonstrating the extreme usefulness have being culturally competent in today's business world. No other sources cited.
Filename: khferr.rtf

Film Review of The Ax Fight:
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This 5 page paper is a review of this documentary film. This paper discusses the need for anthropological accuracy as well as creative ability.
Filename: GSAxfigt.rtf

Flintknapping In Prehistoric North America
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A 15 page paper that discusses flintknapping, in general, and tools found in North America, in specific. Included are the definitions and descriptions used in flintknapping and the earliest finds of knapped, or flaked, tools found in North America, including Canada and America. These artifacts suggest these regions were inhabited tens of thousands of years ago and that the people adapted to their environment. Some similarities among tools as well as some differences are noted. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PGflna3.wps

Food Fusion / Comparison Of Common Cuisine Across Two Cultures
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Vietnamese and Turkish cuisine is discussed in the context of food fusion, a term used to describe the trend of combining foods from more than one culture. Bibliography lists 11 sources in this 15 page paper.
Filename: Vietturk.wps

Foraging Societies in Modern Times
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A 6 page paper examining the nature of foraging, and comparing its economic structure to redistribution and market exchange. The paper uses the !Kung or Ju/’hoansi of Southwest Africa as the example of a modern foraging society. Bibliography lists 5 sources in 12 endnotes. AAA style.
Filename: KSforage.rtf

Forced Cultural Assimilation As Seen Through The Eyes of Three American Authors
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A 5 page overview of the problems which are inherrent in with policies of forced cultural assimilation. The author reviews Doris Goodwin’s “Wait Till Next Year”, Sherman Alexie’s “Indian Killer” and Mary Patillo-Mcoy’s “Black Picket Fences”, to provide a basis for the argument that forced assimilation causes more problems in American society than it offers solutions. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPassimi.rtf

Fossil Species and Missing Links
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This 4 page paper discusses fossil species, missing links, and indicators of bipedalism. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVFossil.rtf

French Culture
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A 3 page research paper that explores the nuances of French culture. The writer discusses French body language, cultural norms, concept of personal space, concept of time, and diet. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khfrcul.rtf

Gary Althen's 'American Ways'
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An 8 page paper that provides an overview of Gary Althen's book American Ways. This paper demonstrates the way in which Althen's cultural perspective on white, middle-class America can be an important sociological tool for people from other countries. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: Amerways.wps

Gender and Self-Esteem
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A 5 page paper on the topic of gender roles and self-esteem. The writer describes how society's expectations has influenced adolescents' perception of themselves.
Filename: Genderes.wps

Gender in Arapesh
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A 5 page research paper that examines the concepts of gender in Arapesh society. The writer first defines gender and then discusses how the Arapesh, a native people of Papua New Guinea view gender roles. The writer argues that while the Arapesh, on the surface, appear to have few gender distinctions, secret male rituals are an intrinsic part of their culture. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: kharap.rtf

Gender Reversal in Indigenous Culture
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A 3 page discussion of societal examples of how those who are neither wholly male nor wholly female are sometimes valued by their cultures rather than criticized by them. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPgenderTransgender.rtf

Gender Roles and American Popular Culture
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A 5 page essay on culture and gender roles. The writer details how education, popular culture, and advertising both reflect and create gender roles. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Genderol.wps

Gender, Socioeconomics, and Linguistic Variations in Western Culture
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A 4 page discussion of the variations that can be noted in the way individuals in western cultures communicate. This paper describes this phenomena in relation to speech codes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPcomGnd.rtf

German Immigration
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A 5 page research paper into how German immigration affected every aspect of American life contributing such varied things as ideas which influenced U.S. universities, the first kindergartens, the Linotype machine, and lager beer. The writer's gives an overview of German immigration that shows how it started during the colonial period and peaked in the early 20th-century. Bibliography includes 5 sources.
Filename: Germimm.wps

Glittenberg, Transcultural Nursing in Guatemala
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A 5 page book review of Jody Glittenberg’s text To the Mountain and Back, The Mysteries of Guatemalan Highland Family Life (1994, Waveland Press), which describes how the author’s understanding of this culture evolves from her visits to Guatemala, which took place in the 1970s, first as a missionary nurse, and then as an anthropology student conducting an ethnographic research project. This is a fascinating book that gives any reader insight into the lives of poor agrarian population struggling for existence within context of a developing country. Glittenberg’s first-person narrative style creates a highly readable account, which allows the reader to learn along with the author as she relates her experiences in chronological order. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khglit.rtf

Gorillas, Lemurs and Human Behavior
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10 pages. An interesting anthropology paper that examines the lives and habits of Lemurs, Gorillas, and their similarity to human behavior. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAlemur.rtf

Graveyards/ Design & Practice From Past To Present
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A 14 page review of the changes in cemetery design and burial practices from ancient times to the present. Concludes that numerous factors such as land use patterns, religion, and societal status influence these designs. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: GraveYrd.wps

Greek Immigrations To The United States
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8 pages in length. Greek immigration to the United States began as a means by which to secure a better way of life than what was available at that time. This quest for the opportunity to succeed economically, socially and religiously was directly associated with the natural art of food peddling, which served to be the primary talent brought over by the Greeks in the mid to late 1800’s. Drawn to Chicago, the Greeks first arrived as ship captains; once settled, they polished their peddling trade. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCGrkUS.rtf

Greek Island Culture -- Jill Dubisch's 'In a Different Place'
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A 6 page paper discussing Dr. Jill Dubisch's book 'In a Different Place: Pilgrimage, Gender, and Politics at a Greek Island Shrine' about a modern pilgrimage to Tinos -- an island in the Greek cyclades. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Dubisch.doc

Greek Polis: Archeology
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11 pages in length. Greek polis, also known as city-state, was instrumental in establishing a sense of existence and purpose for myriad societies that followed. When assessing this importance, it is important for the student to take into consideration the influence of archeological aspects in order to fully appreciate the magnitude of such historical contribution. Archeology has played an integral role in determining the essence of the Greek polis, such as what it represented to the inhabitants, how the city-state survived amidst various challenges and struggles, as well as ascertains many social and cultural components. The writer discusses how the ancient relics, artifacts, structures and architecture play an integral role in determining not only how the Greek polis functioned but also how it served as an consequential reference to the historical timeline. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCpolis.wps

Gregory Bateson: Anthropology and Cybernetics
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This 5 page paper discusses the life and work of anthropologist Gregory Bateson. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVGrBtsn.rtf

Growing Up as an Italian American
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A 10 page paper that examines the history and the ethnic conditions of an Italian family here in the United States. The family under examination is a family that originated in Italy within the past few generations, and have only become American citizens during this century. The paper focuses predominantly upon one man who was born shortly before WWII. Through an examination of this man the history of his Italian heritage is seen, as well as the decline of that cultural aspect as all previous generations begin to die off, leaving the man caught in the middle between an Italian and an American life. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAitalian.wps

Growing Up Bilingual
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A 6 page analysis of this book by Ana Celia Zentella, which details the author's 14-year study of five bilingual girls growing up on a single block of New York's "El Barrio," the nation's longest settled Puerto Rican neighborhood. The writer gives an overall view of the book and concludes that it should be read by everyone who might vote on issues concerning bilingualism in the public school system. Zentella dispels many misconceptions that surround this issue and argues persuasively in favor of bilingualism. The writer also argues that Zentella's book can be used to gain added knowledge in how language is acquired and used. Refers to the source. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Growbil.wps

GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL: JARED DIAMOND
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This 3 page paper discusses the theories of Jared Diamond in his Pulitzer Prize winning book: Guns, Germs and Steel. Examples offered. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: MBdmond.rtf

Hallucinogenic Drugs: A Spiritual Aid or Threat to Non-Traditional Cultures?
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An 8 page discussion of the traditional use of hallucinogenic drugs to bring traditional cultures in contact with their spirit guides and to heighten awareness of past lives and reincarnation. This paper presents the contention that, outside of the traditional framework which spawned such use, hallucinogenic drugs are useless in meeting this goal and can even present a significant danger for non-traditional individuals. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPhallu2.rtf

Hammond/Refugees in Ethiopia
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A 9 page book review that critiques and summarizes Laura C. Hammond's This Place Will Become Home (2004), which is a thorough, scholarly and intimate anthropological study of the experience of a group of Ethiopian refugees who are repatriated to their home country from camps in the Sudan. The writer judges this to be an exemplary study that not only offers a complete overview of these peoples' situation, but has serious social policy implications for humanitarian efforts. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khhameth.rtf