Interview With an Old Woman in New York
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This 10 page paper provides a fictitious interview with a 75 year old woman who grew up in New York during the twenties. Her personal history relates to historical events in the city including the Triangle Factory fire and the Great Depression. The paper spans close to a century as the writer reflects on the interview conducted in 1979. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Nylady.wps

Interview, Moroccan Immigrant
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A 3 page essay/research paper that offers a cultural exploration of a Moroccan woman, Sada, who immigrated to the US at the age of seventeen. The writer discusses what was learned from this informant and what questions remain unanswered. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: khinsada.rtf

Into the Heart / A Book Review
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A 3 page analytical reaction to Kenneth Good's book entitled "Into the Heart." The text is about Good's voyage to Venezuela where he studied the ways of the Yanomama tribe;-- a Stone Age group known as the "fierce people" whose customs are nothing short of surprising. No Bibliography.
Filename: Intohart.wps

Is Cultural Anthropology a Science?: An Address of the Interrelationship of the Qualitative verses the Quantitative Approach
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A 5 page paper addressing the question of the nature of cultural anthropology. The author utilizes the case study presented in Anne Fadiman's ethnography "The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down" to illustrate the differences in approach typically entailed by mainstream medicine and tradition. The emphasis that cultural anthropology, and indeed medicine, must be both inductive and deductive, both quantitative and qualitative, is presented. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPanthSc.rtf

Is Facial Communication Universal?
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A 10 page discussion of facial expression. Utilizes the research in the field to explore the question of whether or not certain facial expressions are universal in their meaning, e.g. that they have the same meaning regardless of the cultural context. Contrasts the view that facial expression are solely cultural manifestations and thus vary in meaning according to culture and the view that these expressions are biological in their basis and thus have the same meaning regardless of the cultural context. Concludes that while some expressions are universal in their meaning, facial expression is dependent not only on biology but also on culture and on minute-specific details of an encounter. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPcomFac.wps

Italian - Americans In The United States
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This 11 page report examines many aspects of Italian immigration. Health, occupation and other issues are explored, including a look at Italian neighborhoods in the New York area. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: Italamer.wps

Ivory Coast Women
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A 5 page research paper investigating women who live in the Ivory Coast. Examples of women entrepreneurs are offered as well as a discussion about other women who are operating home-type businesses. Bibliography includes four references.
Filename: Ivoryc.wps

Jamaican Culture In London
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This 40 page paper looks at the Jamaican community living in London and examines the influence that they have had on the wider community and the way in which that community has effected them. Issues such as the language, racism, schooling, housing, politics, religion and the arts are all discussed with their influence being assessed in both directions. Examples and cases are cited to demonstrate the influences. The paper includes two graphs and cites 19 sources.
Filename: TEjamaca.wps

Jane Goodall And Monica Moore: Anthropological Study
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The art of observation is the single most important aspect of ethnographic research. This 5 page paper compares an essay on first observations by Jane Goodall with Nonverbal Courtship Patterns In Women from Monica Moore. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTgoodll.wps

Japan & China/Fine Arts
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A 5 page research paper that examines the area of commonality between Japan and China. Due to the influx of Chinese culture into Japan in the fifth and sixth centuries, these two ancient cultures share quite a few characteristics in common. However, even though the Japanese borrowed quite a bit culturally from the Chinese, it is characteristic of this people that whatever they appropriate, they transmute into something new and truly Japanese in its conception. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: 90jpart.rtf

Japan's Food Culture
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A 5 page examination of the differences which exist between Japan and the United States in terms of food choices. The author emphasizes that while Japanese culture has many of the same problems and manifestations of Western culture but at the same time it has a uniqueness which is characterized by an intricate balance between all of its cultural facets. Japanese food preferences reflect a direct tie between her environment, her traditions, and her contemporary challenges. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPjapFd.rtf

Japanese Influence on American Culture
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This 4 page paper looks at Japanese culture and how it has impacted the United States. Various aspects are explored including business practices and general philosophical issues. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA117Jap.doc

Japanese Vs. American Development of Self-Concept
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A 15 page paper on the factors that make up self-concept in each country. The writer describes how the mythology, religion, social setting, child-rearing and concepts of success define who people are in each culture. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Japanvam.wps

Jared Diamond/"Guns, Germs and Steel"
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A 5 page analysis of "Guns, Germs and Steel" by evolutionary biologist Jared Diamond, who argues that the European dominance of the history of Western civilization was due to advantages in the natural environment that emerged in prehistory and gave Eurasia a "head start." No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99ggsetc.wps

Jewish Reform Movement -- Ethics Movement
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A 10 page paper on the Reform Jewish Movement that discusses immigration to the United States, and the background behind that immigration, including population statistics, contributions of the Reform Movement to American society in general and to its own membership--concentration on civil and human rights issues. It also discusses the Reform Movement's involvement in the creation of a world Jewry. Bibliography includes 10 sources.
Filename: Reformje.wps

Jibber Jabber
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things that mean nothing
Filename: duda.rtf

Jibber Jabber
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things that mean nothing
Filename: duda1.rtf

Jim McGuigan's Culture & The Public Sphere
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A 12 page paper that provides an overview of McGuigan's work and then also considers the implications of his work through a critique in terms of its application. Bibliography lists no additional sources.
Filename: Mcguigan.rtf

John Beecham's Ashantee and the Gold Coast
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A 10 page research paper which examines an 1841 anthropological study of the Ashantee tribe of West Africa. The writer particularly addresses those instances in the book where the author's personal agenda and cultural bias may have affected his perceptions of this African culture. Quotations from the source.
Filename: Jbeecham.wps

Joking: A Reflection of Social Structure
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A 4 page discussion of the various societal situations in which joking results. Notes that these situations, and the specifics of the joking, can change according to a number of factors. Relates observations from three separate societal situations in which joking occurs, the globalized workplace, the classroom, and in Presidential addresses to an audience. Utilizes the anthropological literature to explain the differences. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: PPhumor3.rtf

Judith Nagata/Article Critique
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A 5 page summation and critique of an article by Judith Nagata entitled "Beyond Theology: Toward an Anthropology of 'Fundamentalism.'" In this article, Nagata offers a comprehensive overview of scholarship on the topic of "fundamentalism," arguing, primarily that this label has been used in identity politics as a demarcation that establishes specific boundaries and demonizes those outside those boundaries as "other," the enemy, as "fundamentalist." She also attempts to formulate an anthropological approach to this topic that provides a synthesis of common elements amid the widely divergent cases where this term is employed worldwide. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khnag.rtf

Kennewick Man
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This 8 page paper discusses the discovery of Kennewick Man and the legal controversy over the disposition of the remains. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVKenwck.rtf

Kenya's Kikuyu
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An 8 page paper discussing Kenya's largest indigenous tribal group. The Kikuyu are not particularly well educated, but their lack of education must not be confused with lack of ability. These people are warm and generous, and they expect others to be in return. As the operators and students of the US school have learned, the Kikuyu will make some allowances for visitors' ignorance of their ways, but they expect respect for their society. Includes an outline, bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: KSKikuyu.wps

Kinesics
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This is a 15 page paper discussing the studies found regarding kinesics. Kinesics, or the study of body language in nonverbal communication, is a term which was first applied to early anthropological studies and was used in regards to furthering the study of linguistics. Recently however, researchers have used the study of kinesics in regards to its importance in communication in business, education, gender relations, health care and other disciplines which rely upon clear and precise understanding in a communication environment. Kinesics is also used on other non-traditional socio-cultural disciplines such as art and multi-media in the presentation of materials. Generally however, studies in kinesics are “grouped” within the larger area of non-verbal communication including proxemics (spatial relations), haptics (touching behavior), oculesics (eye contact styles), vocalics (vocal cures), chronemics (use of time), and objectics (use of clothes, color and objects) among others and very few studies now relate primarily to kinesics separately which in some aspects is understandable since the complete process of communication involves a balance between the understanding of all of these elements in addition to the verbal and content factors within communication. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: TJKines1.rtf

Kuba Masks: Background and Description of the Nigerian Masks
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A 5 page overview of the Kuba masks produced by the Kuba people of Zaire. Outlines the societal function of the masks and provides a detailed description of the construction of two of these masks, the mboom and the moshambwooy or elephant masks. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPkubaMs.wps

LANGUAGE ‘CODES’ IN WILLIAMS’ IMPROMTU AND AGARD’S LISTEN MR.OXFORD
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This 5 page paper explores the idea of vernacular English as opposed to standard use English through the poems of William Carlos Williams and Agard. Barbara Mellix's essay, From Outside, In and her ideas on language as identity are also included. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBmellix.rtf

Language and Culture
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This 3 page paper examines the idea of language and culture being interrelated. Why language is an important part of culture is examined. No bibliography.
Filename: SA346lac.rtf

LANGUAGE AND LITERACY IN PUBLIC SPACES
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This 5 page paper is an expository essay and example of language and literacy in the public space of a veterinarian's office. Examples explained in relation to function and literacy. Bibliography lists 0 sources.
Filename: MBpubspce.rtf

Language, Culture And The Global Media
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A 25 page paper. Linguists have predicted that more than half, as many as 90 percent of the 6,000 languages being used today will be extinct by 2050. Languages are becoming extinct at far greater ratios than are mammals and birds. The effect is that there are also cultures that die when the language dies because language is one of the defining characteristics of a culture. This essay provides a look at global immigration patterns with data; a discussion of endangered languages; a discussion of language as a unifying element in culture as well as a barrier to communication; and the possibility of a universal language and what that might be. Interwoven are comments about the media and their roles. Bibliography lists 20 sources.
Filename: PGlngmd.rtf

Lareau: “Unequal Childhoods”
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This 4 page paper discusses Annette Lareau’s book “Unequal Childhoods” and argues that although it is compelling, it also has some flaws, especially the fact that her sample is very small. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVLareau.rtf

Leaders in Anthropological Theory
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An 8 page research paper that details the contributions of three men to the field of anthropology. These men are Herbert Spencer, Franz Boas, and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khanthis.wps

Libraries in Rural Areas
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This 10 page paper explores the problems of running libraries in rural areas, both in the U.S. and around the world. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVLibRur.rtf

Life in Paleolithic and Neolithic Eras
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A 3 page paper which discusses the life during the Paleolithic and the Neolithic Eras. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAlith.rtf

Life with the Ojibwa: a Modern Day Trail of Tears: Ethical Issues in Research
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This 4 page paper provides an overview of the ethical issues in research related to a study of casino gambling in the Ojibwa tribe of MN. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MHOjibwa.rtf

Linguistic Subcultures on a College Campus: The Language of Psychology Students
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A 5 page contention that one does not have to travel to far away and exotic places to encounter linguistic subcultures. The author demonstrates that even psychology students utilize language which sets them apart from other students and, in effect, allows them to be classified as a subculture. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPlngPsy.rtf

Linguistics within Anthropology
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This 4 page paper examines aspects of linguistics within anthropology though the functionalist and structuralist approaches of de Saussure and Jakobson with analytical approaches from Levi-Strauss. The paper also considers how Leach defines the variation of myth within cultural societies. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEanthro.rtf

Lives of the Pharaohs
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A 5 page discussion of the material culture and spiritual belief of the ancient Egyptians. An extensive discussion, based largely on Pierre Montet’s “Lives of the Pharaohs”, is included on the architecture of these peoples and of what we know about their spiritual beliefs. The author of this paper emphasizes that although the time period spanned by ancient Egypt and the number of rulers which played in its history is tremendous, throughout its entirety the archeological record serves as a clue to the values and lifeways of these fascinating peoples. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PPegpPhr.rtf

Loss of Body Hair by Humans
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This is a 6 page paper which discusses the various theories of the evolution of hairlessness in humans. The bibliography has 4 sources.
Filename: JHHair.rtf

Lynn Payer’s “Medicine & Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France”
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This is a 5 page paper discussing Lynn Payer’s text “Medicine & Culture”. In Lynn Payer’s text “Medicine & Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France” first published in 1988, Payer discusses the radical differences in diagnosis, treatment and philosophy in regards to similar cases within those countries. What is interesting to the reader is that while all of the countries examined are considered to be “Western” cultures, in actuality, the cultures between the countries vary to a great extent as to the outlook and philosophy of medical practices. Payer relates a great many of these cultural differences to historical trends and the general philosophies of each country when in cultural context make a great deal of sense to the reader but may not have been considered when conceptualizing his or her own reliance on the medical community in one’s own country. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJLPaye1.rtf

Maitland Edey’s “The Missing Link”
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A 5 page paper which reviews Maitland Edey’s “The Missing Link.” Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAlink.rtf

Male Status within Ibo Society and Its Loss after the Arrival of the White Missionaries
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This is a 4 page paper discussing male status in Ibo society and its loss after the arrival of the white missionaries and colonization. In traditional African Ibo society there were several different circumstances and symbols which led to male status. Male status depended on age, the family unit, community position, and wealth which were all related in addition to social aspects including the number of wives, courage in warfare, and self-esteem among other factors. The Ibo society was well structured based on the status of men, and women gained their status from the men to which they were married. The introduction of the white missionaries in the Ibo communities led to a disruption of the religion and political systems which were traditionally based on the male hierarchy, democracy and consultation with the Oracles. Once these structures were taken away, lawlessness overtook the villages which led to the imposition of white governmental rule. Important Ibo status factors such as the family and community units, polygamy and male position within the village were also taken away depriving the communities of the political and social symbols which once led their cohesive society. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJIbost1.rtf

Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown
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A 5 page research paper discusses how Bronislaw Malinowski and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown developed the functionalist view in anthropology at the beginning of the twentieth century. The differences between their views are also discussed. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khmalrad.wps

Margaret Mead
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A 6 page overview of Margaret Mead. The paper includes a brief biography then focuses on the controversy about her work initiated by Freeman's book about her. Freeman made numerous allegations, all of which were intended to discount Mead's work in Samoa and conclusions about that culture. Some of the allegations are discussed with the reactions from other anthropologists. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGmead.wps

Margaret Mead's Contribution to Ethnographic Film
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This 12 page paper explores Mead's career as an anthropologist. Ethnographic film is discussed in depth. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA712MM.rtf

Margaret Mead/Coming of Age in Somoa
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A 6 page research paper that offers an overall view, by topic, that summarizes Mead's data from this groundbreaking anthropological research conduced in the 1920s. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khmdsomo.rtf