Kunjufu/Helping Black Boys
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A 6 page critique of Jawanza Kunjufu's Countering the Conspiracy to Destroy Black Boys, Volume III (1990). Kunjufu argues that the needs of black males are distinctly different from those of either white males or white or African American girls. It is the black boy who is typically cast as deviant in the public school system and Kunjufu refers to studies that identify many of these traits as simply being unique to the black male experience and development. This critique of Kunjufu's text looks at both its strengths and weaknesses and compares it to other literature dealing with this topic. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khjkunju.rtf

Kwanzaa: An Overview
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A 4 page paper which provides a general overview to the holiday celebration known as Kwanzaa. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAkwanz.rtf

Langston Hughes’ “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain”
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A 3 page paper on Langston Hughes’ essay “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAlnar.rtf

Langston Hughes: “Theme for English B”
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This 3 page paper explicates Langston Hughes’s poem “Theme for English B,” with special attention paid to the line “So will my page be colored that I write?” Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: HVThmEng.rtf

LAWRENCE OTIS GRAHAM: Our Kind of People: Inside America's Black Upper Class
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(7 pp) Through six years of interviews with more than three hundred prominent families and individuals, journalist and commentator Lawrence Otis Graham weaves together the revealing stories and fascinating experiences of upper-class blacks who grew up with privilege and power. Previously known for his provocative New York magazine exposé of elite golf clubs, when he left his law firm and went undercover as a busboy at an all-white Connecticut country club, Graham now turns his attention to the black elite. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BBblkeli.doc

Laws, Court Decisions, and Legislation Pertaining to the Rights of People with Special Needs in Education
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An 11 page overview of the diversity of considerations which are reflected in the laws, court decisions, and legislation pertaining to the rights of people with special needs. The author provides a detailed summary of several of these considerations and emphasizes that applications range from addressing the needs of individuals with physical disabilities to addressing the needs of individuals with specific cultural characteristics which make special educational provisions a necessity. Bibliography lists 20 sources.
Filename: PPedSpec.rtf

Leadership: Latino And African Americans
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5 pages in length. The Latino and African American populations lack support addressing their issues of pain, violence, grief and personal conflicts, which ultimately restricts their ability to participate both actively and positively in community leadership agendas. As well, this absence is based upon a lack of leader development programs, a concern that begins from impressionable childhood through maturity. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCLatAA.wps

Leeds report on health care for ethnic minority children
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An evaluation of a report by Leeds health authority into the particular health care issues faced by ethnic minority children and their families, and the way such issues might be addressed on a social, political and economic level. Bibliography lists 11 sources
Filename: JLleedsrep.rtf

Leonce Gaiter’s “The Revolt of the Black Bourgeoisie”
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A 2.5 page article summary. No additional sources are used.
Filename: TGrevblac.rtf

Letter from a Birmingham Jail
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A 3 page paper which examines Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAleekj.rtf

Levels of Education and Social Stratification Between Blacks and Whites
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A 5 page discussion of the numerous discrepancies in today’s society leading to differences in levels of education between blacks and whites. While some of these discrepancies can be attributed to factors such as discrimination, others can be traced to a sense of inferiority among blacks themselves. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPedRace.rtf

Life and Times of Martin Luther King Jr.
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A 5 page paper which examines the life and times of Martin Luther King Jr., and then discusses the relevance of his life and work in relationship to the election of Barack Obama. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAjroba.rtf

Louisiana Arrest Rates and Minority Populations
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In recent years, Louisiana has made substantial headway in fine-tuning its Criminal Justice system to reflect a substantial decrease in the number of arrests and detention of its citizens. The changes in arrest data since 1998 and 1999 are substantial when you consider that in 1999, Tim Roche, the Deputy Director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice to the Louisiana State Senate reported that Louisiana had the highest juvenile residential custody rate of any state in the nation for a total of over 56 percent of its youth being detained. By 1999, this statistic had dropped to 51 percent, according to Roche, however, Louisiana retained the number one spot because its arrest and detention rate is double that of any surrounding state. This changed with the inception of Louisiana’s Office of Youth Development (OYD).... Statistics cover the period pre 1999 and post 1999 to 2003. 5 references. jvLAarst.rtf
Filename: jvLAarst.rtf

M.L. King/Letter from a Birmingham Jail
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A 3 page essay that analyzes Dr. Martin Luther King’s famous letter. On April 16, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King responded to a published statement signed by eight of his fellow clergymen that castigated him for his involvement in Civil Rights protests that took place in Birmingham, Alabama, which is the reason why King was arrested. King’s response to the allegations of these clergymen is considered to be a masterpiece of modern rhetoric. This examination of King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” demonstrates that his argument fits with the framework offered by Rogerian analysis. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khmlklet.rtf

Maintaining Diversity: The Use of Racial Preference in Universities
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This 25 page paper considers the issue of maintaining diversity in the university setting, and assesses measures that have been put in place to maintain diversity. In particular, this paper considers components of the recruitment and retention process, including Affirmative Action policies that are defined by racial preferences and their impact on the educational setting. Bibliography lists 30 sources.
Filename: MHdiver2.wps

Major Psychological Theories and the Cause and Effect of Oppression and Neglect in the African American Community
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This is a 5 page paper discussing major psychological approaches in relation to the result of oppression and neglect on the African American community. Currently, the African American population within the United States has been found to have high levels of stress, anxiety, low self-esteem and high levels of self-destructive behavior. Psychologists and sociologists argue that the cause of generations of neglect within the educational and social systems and oppression may have led to these psychological problems. Using five major psychological approaches which include behaviorism, functionalism, psychoanalytical, structuralism and Gestalt, the differences in the application of the theories to the African American community basically show that in order to reverse the trend of these psychological and societal problems, mental health professionals and educators must be aware of the psychological factors unique to the African American community. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJfivep1.rtf

Malcolm X
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A 4 page overview of the life and work of Malcolm X. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAmx4.rtf

Malcolm X And Martin Luther King: Differing Approach
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6 pages in length. Comparing the approach to racial issues between Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. requires the student to delve into various elements of each man's past, such as differing regional origins, in order to gain a significantly better understanding as to why – while enlightening the world on the same subject matter – came away doing so in such divergent ways. Alex Haley illustrates these differences in The Autobiography of Malcolm X; while penned by Haley -- an American writer who depicts the struggles of American blacks -- it is actually a compilation of many interviews that were conducted shortly before Malcolm's death. It was not known at the time of publication, however, that the autobiography would create such a furor over its release; in fact, the book soon became recognized as a classic of black American autobiography. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCMlcmX.rtf

Malcolm X Speaks
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A 3 page paper which analyzes aspects of Malcolm X’s Malcolm X Speaks: It’s the Ballot or the Bullet. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAxks.rtf

Malcolm X's Philosophical Beliefs
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An 8 page paper which discusses the various philosophical beliefs maintained by Malcolm X. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAmalxblf.wps

Mandela
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A paper which looks at the important role played by Nelson Mandela in the development of the modern South Africa, and the way in which his theories of civil rights and social justice can be applied to the political situation in other countries. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLmande.rtf

Marcus Garvey's 'Africa For The Africans': Realistic?
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5 pages in length. To question the realistic value of Marcus Garvey's objective in 'Africa for the Africans' is to remove the last thread of cultural identity an otherwise intermingled African-American population has to its roots. The extent to which Garvey's quest to preserve Africa as the one last place on earth where blacks can truly associate with their ancestry is both grand and far-reaching; that he has received tremendous support from other outspoken prominent African-Americans speaks to the reasonable assertion that Africa should – and can – be safeguarded for its indigenous peoples. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCGarveyAf.rtf

Marcus Garvey: Poet and Religious Inspiration
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A 10 page paper which examines the life of Marcus Garvey while focusing on the fact that he was a renowned poet as well as an African American leader. The paper presents a brief biography of Marcus Garvey, then presents an examination of his poems. This is followed by a section which discusses how his poetry and works helped inspire people religiously and artistically, namely through reggae music today. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: RAgarvey.wps

Mardi Gras
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A paper which looks at the New Orleans carnival, Mardi Gras, with particular reference to the influence of African culture and traditions on the festival, and the way in which both Creole and Black cultures contributed to the modern form of Mardi Gras. Bibliography lists 6 sources
Filename: JLmardi.rtf

Marjorie H. Goodwin/"Talk as Social Organization"
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A 5 page research paper that examines the research on language use by black children. Anthropologist Marjorie Goodwin, armed herself with a tape recorder, and for eighteen months, she observed a group composed of 49 African American youth, all of whom lived on Maple Street in Southwest Philadelphia. The results of fieldwork are expertly compiled in her book, He Said, She Said: Talk as Social Organization Among Black Children. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: 99goodwn.wps

Marriage & African-American Female College Grads
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A 7 page research paper which examines the fact that the rates for African-American marriage have declined over the last several decades. The writer discusses obvious explanations-such as the declining pool of eligible black men who have college degrees-but also postulates that there are other reasons which tend to indicate a cultural diversity between black and white models of family structure. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Afrowome.wps

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X
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A 5 page paper which examines the lives and contributions of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, arguing that Martin Luther's life and works had a more understandable vision for change in relationship to the impact made upon the African American population. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAmarmalc.wps

Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Music of the 1960s
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A 5 page paper which examines the work of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights music of the 1960s. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAkngmsc.rtf

Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community?”
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A 5 page review of the civil rights leader’s last book. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TGmkchaos.rtf

Martin Luther King Jr.: Helping the White as Well as Black
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A 3 page paper which examines how Martin Luther King Jr. not only helped the African American people find more freedom but also helped whites rid themselves of some hatred and racism. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: RAmlkee.rtf

Martin Luther King on Utopia
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This 3 page paper discusses Dr. King's famous letter from the Birmingham Jail and how it relates to Utopian principles. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVBirmJl.rtf

Martin Luther King’s Ideals of Non-Violent Social Changes in Relation to the Civil Rights Movement and Legal System of His Time and Since
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This is a 6 page paper outlining Martin Luther King’s messages on non-violence and brotherly love on the legal system during his time and in modern day. An outline of the civil rights movements during the time of Martin Luther King and their effects on the legal system in the United States were prominent in their time but have since evolved into quite a different movement in today’s society. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, King and his colleagues promoted the non-violent action towards peace and equality among men and women in the country. Inspired by Gandhi’s non-violent ideals, King was often criticized by other activists of the “black power” movement who demanded more action and protests rather than peaceful initiatives. Nevertheless, because of many of the peaceful initiatives backed by King affiliated well developed organizations, many civil rights policies were implemented in the legal system during King’s time. In the years since King’s death however, the social movements in the black and social rights communities have changed into more conservative movements and focused largely on the political climate and unemployment, illegal drugs, violence and urban blight. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: TJKingJ1.rtf

Martin Luther King, Jr. Speeches
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This 5 page paper gives a brief overview and comparison of the speeches Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? and The Trumpet of Conscience by Martin Luther King Jr. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTmlkgjr.wps

McWhorter's Losing the Race
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This 6 page paper provides a thoughtful look at this controversial book. This paper takes a liberal view. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA920bl.rtf

Media Critique/Racial Profiling
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A 3 page research paper that critiques print media coverage concerning the issue of racial profiling. This is a highly controversial topic since proponents of racial profiling argue that it constitutes a tactic helpful to law enforcement agencies and is specifically needed in the war on terrorism. On the other hand, it is a tactic that frequently targets law-abiding, innocent Americans. Examination of how the media is treating coverage of the national debate concerning racial profile demonstrates that this coverage is, overall, fair and equitable. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khcritrp.rtf

Microsoft and Racism
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A 5 page paper, and outline, that examines the problems relating to Microsoft and racism. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAmicrcm.rtf

Minorities and Technology
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A 5 page paper discussing the roles of blacks and women within technology. The writer addresses the everchanging issues of women and blacks within the workplace, and the everpresent biases that keep these groups from advancing with technology.
Filename: Minortec.wps

Minorities' Media:
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This 7 page paper discusses the media in terms of minorites, and asserts that minorites need their own media in order to get full-representation in society. This paper examines the plight of minority groups in obtaining representation through traditional media routes. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: GSMinort.rtf

Minority Internships
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A 10 page paper that demonstrates the importance of minority internships in directing career choices for minority students. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Intern.wps

Mosley/Affirmative Action
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A 6 page summation and critical response to an essay by Albert Mosley that argues in favor of Affirmative Action. In this article, Mosley offers both a backward-looking justification for Affirmative Action, as well as a forward-looking argument that explains Affirmative Action in terms of rectifying historical injustice. No bibliography is offered.
Filename: khmosley.rtf

Multicultural Communication/African Americans
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A 12 page research paper that examines the topic of African American communication within the context of the overall topic of multiculturalism. The writer argues that African American communication styles demonstrates the importance of, first of all, understanding the nuances and significance of African American communication and also why a multicultural approach to education is imperative in aiding the academic success of African American children, as well as in fostering improved race relations. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: khaacom.rtf

Multiculturalism in the UK
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A five page paper which looks at the development of race relations in Britain over the past fifty years and considers whether the UK can be categorised as a multicultural society. Bibliography lists 12 sources
Filename: JLmulticul.rtf

Nadine Gordimer's "Town And Country Lovers" And Chinua Achebe's "The Vengeful Creditor"
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5 pages in length. Relating Nadine Gordimer's Town And Country Lovers to Chinua Achebe's The Vengeful Creditor is to address the notion of oppression. Gordimer, a South African novelist and short-story writer who received Nobel Prize for Literature in 1991, delves deep into the thematic sense of exile, loneliness and strong political opposition towards racial segregation. Achebe mirrors much the same perspective, insofar as his comes from a male standpoint and Gordimer's is derived from the female counterpart. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCgordi.wps

National Endowment for Black America
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A 4 page analytical essay in which the writer argues that a National Endowment for Black America would be a private institution-the private, race-specific branch of a strategy whose public branches are race-neutral. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Affirmal.wps

Negritude
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5 pages in length. The social, cultural and political events that helped to shape the concept of Negritude for Leopold Sedar Senghor, Leon Damas and Aime Cesaire were vast and far-reaching when it came to sculpting their individual interpretations of the word. In short, the birth of Negritude was the birth of Black Consciousness and the Harlem Renaissance, which was hastened by the need for the African community to be recognized for its beneficial and inherent contributions. Spawning a significant literary movement in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s comprised of French-speaking African and Caribbean writers, Negritude opened up an entirely different view of blacks that had never before been considered. The writer discusses what Negritude represented to the individual writers. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCnegri.wps