The Advancement of Equal Rights in Canada in Relation to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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This is an 8 page paper discussing whether or not Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has allowed for significant advancement of equality rights in Canada. In 1982, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms included within it Section 15 on “Equality Rights” which guaranteed all individuals equal protection before and under the law without any discrimination especially based on any of the nine factors of “race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age, or mental or physical disability”. The second part of the Section also guaranteed the right to affirmative action programs without discrimination. Since that time, the concepts of “equality” and human dignity have become a prominent aspect of the law and even within cases which are not based on Constitutional concerns, equality is very much a large part. Different elements of the legal system have undergone revisions in order to recognize the need for equality within all areas. Some areas such as age discrimination or interprovincial legal differences still need further development in regards to the inequality which still exists. Overall however, it has been felt that the Charter has brought about a noticeable improvement in regards to equality in the country especially concerning the rights of women and minorities and the increased awareness within the legal system that equality is considered an important element of every case. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJChart1.rtf

The Bank of Canada
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the history, function and significance of the Bank of Canada. The Bank of Canada was founded in 1934 as a privately owned corporation and became a Crown corporation in 1938 belonging to the federal government. Since 1938, the Minister of Finance holds the entire share capital issued by the Bank although the Bank of administered by a Governor and a Board of directors. The original Bank of Canada Act of 1934 defines the central role of the Bank of Canada is to “promote the economic and financial well-being of Canada” and the four main responsibilities of the Bank are monetary policy, central banking services, bank notes and administering public debt. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJCanIn1.rtf

The Bioaccumulation of Toxins in the Canadian Arctic
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the bioaccumulation of toxins in the Canadian Arctic. Presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which include pesticides, industrial compounds, and combustion by-products are one of the major environmental and health concerns within the Canadian Arctic regions today. Measurement of POP bioconcentration or bioaccumulation levels within the Arctic have determined that the toxic contaminants primarily do not originate within the Arctic and therefore are transported there through air or water currents or migratory animals. The contaminants are considered persistent because they are able to exist for a great length of time and can tolerate many conditions. POPs are also lipophilic in which they are concentrated in the fats of animals. Because of this, bioaccumulation levels are higher in those animals which are higher on the food chain such as humans and polar bears as the contaminants get passed on through the digestion of the fat of animals with POPs in their system and makes them an extreme health hazard. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJtoxic1.rtf

The Brain Drain in Canada
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This 6 page paper considers the brain drain which occurs between Canada and the United States. This is not a new phenomenon, but has been occurring for decades. This paper looks back to the 1930's and demonstrates that the causes of migration then are the same as the push and pull factors on the labour market in the current day. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEcanbdr.wps

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom – Is It Effective?
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This is a 4 page paper which discusses the effectiveness of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom on sexism in Canada. The bibliography has 4 sources.
Filename: JHChar.rtf

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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This 7 page paper provides an overview of the document and argues that the charter is too lenient and obstructs justice. Canadian crime is looked at as well. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA28Can.wps

The Canadian Criminal Code: A Numbers Game?
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(5 pp) In the case of prisons, the United States is the leader in incarceration rates in the Western world, while Canada is usually ranked in the top three. It is estimated that 4,000,000 offenders will be imprisoned in the United States by the year 2000. In Canada, as compared to the U.S., there is less punitiveness in sentencing for most crimes, but the trends for "getting tough" are emerging. Changes in juvenile justice legislation and judges' sentencing practices, and the tightening of parole guidelines are increasing Canada's incarceration rate perceptibly Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BBcrmCan.doc

The Canadian Federal Government: Actions Toward Reducing Inflation and Unemployment
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the inflation and unemployment rates in Canada over the past thirty years. Inflation reducing policies introduced by the federal government are discussed along with some suggestions for further reductions in inflation and unemployment. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJCanFd1.rtf

The Canadian Forestry Industry
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This 5 page paper looks at the history and prospects of the forest products sector in Canada by looking at both general market conditions as well the situation of individual companies using both discussion and statistics. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEpulpca.wps

The Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST)
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST). Since its implementation in January 1991, the Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been an excessive burden to the consumers, businesses, corporations, financial institutions and the federal government itself. The initial implementation costs because of manufacturer costs associated with new accounting systems alone for example reached an estimated $1 million per taxpayer. The continuing annual administration costs to comply are estimated at around $500,000 per taxpayer in addition to a total cost to small businesses of over $1.2 billion annually. The Tax Executives Institute was hired in 1994 to assess the system and while it admitted that the GST system was better for international business than the previous FST (the federal sales tax system it replaced but was invisible to the consumer), overall the administration of the system should be modified to have a higher threshold for registration (introduced and still at $30,000 for small businesses), a lower tax rate, but with fewer exemptions to decrease administrative costs among others. The government did not implement these recommendations so that in addition to the continued annual burden on tax payers in Canada, according to the budget released in February 2003 the government now has to reimburse several educational and municipal organizations for GST payments retroactive to the year the GST was introduced; an additional cost to the Canadian tax payer which has yet to be determined. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJGSTCn1.rtf

The Canadian Health Care System
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A 4 page overview of Canada’s health care system, conducted for the purpose of assessing its appropriateness for consideration by the United States. The Canadian system looks much more attractive for US consideration now than in the past, as increasing numbers of US citizens are left without access to care. The health care industry in the US refuses to take on any business-like operational rules aside from that of building profits; the Canadian system may now be wholly appropriate for the US to seriously consider. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KShlthCareCanada.rtf

The Canadian Legal System
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7 pages in length. The purpose of this paper is to describe, analyze and evaluate one or more aspects of the court system of Canada. Some aspects of this research study will include characteristics, jurisdiction, roles, or questions of the Canadian courts system. The research contained herein will serve to support the statement that Canadian courts go to great lengths to ensure the evidence heard is well within the highly definitive scope of what Canadian courts feel is allowable, at times moreso than one would think necessary. This thesis will be considered from both points of view of the argument. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAcnlgl.wps

The Canadian Nation, the Boer War and the Conscription Crisis
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This 6 page paper discusses two major political events in Canadian history: the nation's participation in the Boer War; and the "Conscription Crisis" that convulsed it when it introduced the draft in 1917. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVBoerWr.rtf

The Canadian Prime Minister and the U.S. President: Who is More Powerful?
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This 7 page paper examines the powers of the Canadian Prime Minister and the President of the United States, and argues that the President is the more powerful of the two, even though by law, the Canadian government gives more power to the Prime Minister. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVCanUSA.rtf

The Criminal Justice Systems of Canada and the United States
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This 5 page paper compares and contrasts the criminal justice system of Canada with that of the U.S. Several aspects are explored inclusive of institutional racism. Crime in the U.S. is also compared with crime in Canada. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA228CJS.rtf

The Culture of Hockey and Its Violence in Canada
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the culture of hockey in Canada despite its violent aspects. Canadians are introduced into the world of hockey at a very young age. Young players are drafted into the Canadian National Hockey League during their mid-teens and leave their homes to be billeted across the country in the hopes that they will one day be drafted further into the professional level National Hockey League. Although violence in the game has been studied back three decades, Canadians and players seem to accept violence as a natural part of the game. Violence has been shown to increase depending on the level of play and the “winning at all costs” attitude which has been accepted as the priority. Recent studies have unveiled some violent aspects of the sport which have occurred not only on the ice but also off the ice between the coaches and the players. Despite the level of violence throughout the sport however, Canadians continue to embrace the sport within their own culture which has attained levels of mythical proportions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJhocke1.rtf

The Descent of the Fraser River: A Critical Analysis
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7 pages. Simon Fraser was an explorer who discovered what was thought to be the Columbia River but is now known as the Fraser River. The harrowing and dangerous experiences this explorer and his men went through are almost beyond belief. This paper gives an assessment of Simon Fraser, his character, and evidence supporting this viewpoint. Also discussed is how this event would be told from the point of view of a Native American. The conclusion drawn from these assessments gives us a true look at whether history is an accurate study or simply an inference biased by point of view. This draws some interesting and challenging questions on the subject of teaching history. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JGAfrasr.rtf

The Development of the Canadian Prairies: Applications of the Staples Theory
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An 11 page overview of the development of western Canada. The author details the importance of such factors as the fur trade and wheat production in determining Canadian infrastructural and thus cultural development. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPcanPra.rtf

The Economic and Legal Status of Women in Canada
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This 5 page paper considers the issue of the economic and legal status of women in Canada. This paper considers women of all ages, cultural groups and different regions of Canada, and relates legal changes to the premise set forth in Nunavut, where gender parity is a legal directive. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHCangen.wps

The Economics of Agriculture in Canada
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This 16 page paper provides a history of Canada's farming policies from the 1970s through 2000. Many issues are addressed including but not limited to trade policy, government intervention, competition, increases in technology, expenses of transport, border disputes and the demise of the family farm. Recommendations are made for the future of farming in Canada. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: SA013Agr.rtf

The Economics of Canada's Insistence on an Almost Strictly Pharmacological Approach to Healthcare
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An 8 page overview of the problems confronting Canadian Healthcare. The author contends that many of these problems are attributable to pharmaceutical company insistence that medicine focus almost exclusively on the use of drugs rather than the various alternative approaches which exist. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPmedPrv.rtf

The Eskimo Spirit in Death
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(6 pp). One of greatest human fears is death. We superstitiously think that if we don't talk about it, we do not have to deal with it, but according to Purnell's Model for Cultural Competence, mourning, death and its attending rituals are commonalities which all humans share. This discussion will examine death and its rituals among Eskimos . Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BBeskimo.doc

The Evolution of Women’s Legal Personality in the Canadian Legal System
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A 8 page paper which examines how the status of women has evolved over the past 200 years and considered within the context of the present system. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TGlegalper.rtf

The First Nations and the Colonists
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This 3 page paper asks us to look briefly at the First Nations and their relationship with the Colonists, and what three things we would miss most from the 21st century. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HV1stNat.rtf

The First Nations People
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5 pages in length. These two interesting books that depict the First Nations People of Canadian descent are "The Loons" by Margaret Laurence and "Borders" by Thomas King. While the settings in each story are different at the same time they have the same agenda, and that is the problems faced by Indians of Canada and what their heritage is, including the problems it can cause for them. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JGAloons.wps

The Forestry Industry in British Columbia
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This 8 page paper looks at the forestry industry in British Columbia, the problems it has faced and how it has reached its current position. The influence of the local economy and employment in the area is considered. The paper includes 2 tables and the bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEforest.wps

The Future of Healthcare in Canada: The Influence and Role of Nurses and Their Professional Groups in the Recommendations in the Romanow Report
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This is a 21 page paper discussing how nursing as a professional group may influence the changes and recommendations in the Romanow report for the future of health care in Canada. On November 28, 2002, Roy Romanow and the Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada released its final report. This report highlights recommendations in key areas in health care including Medicare; issues in primary health care; prevention and promotion; key measurement tools through the development of the Health Council of Canada; innovation and delivery through information technology; access for rural and remote communities; homecare; prescription drugs; and, Aboriginal health among many other factors and includes funding commitments for these recommendations. The nursing associations across Canada including representatives from the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) and the Canadian Federation of Nurses’ Unions (CFNU) have supported the Romanow Report as a “remarkable blueprint for building Medicare’s second generation and strengthening the public’s access to nurses” as well as the reforms which “will shorten waiting time and improve care” overall. The professional nursing groups have an active interest in all aspects of the Romanow report which not only broadens the roles and responsibilities of the nurses in Canada but increases the number of programs which will be affiliated with nursing. Most important in regards to nurses’ roles in the recommendations of the report are those which relate to measurement outcomes from an administrative and informative approach; those which relate to various commitments to innovations within the industry and primary care access; homecare access; and the new legislation proposed in regards to the entire health human resources. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: TJCanhf1.rtf

The Great Depression in Canada The Great Depression in Canada The Great Depression in Canada
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This 4 page paper looks at the Great Depression as it affected Canada in the 1930s. Social policies are discussed. Causes are touched on. Some information about the U.S. is relayed in this paper that relies on scholarly sources.
Filename: SA530dep.rtf

The High Cost of Auto Insurance in Alberta, Canada:
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This 9 page paper examines the reasons why auto insurance is so outrageously high in Alberta, Canada. Furthermore, this paper proposes solutions and examines what role the government is taking in this matter. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: GSAutoIn.rtf

The History of Lacrosse: From the Native American Stickball Game to the Game We Know Today
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A 9 page overview of the game Lacrosse. Traces the game from its origin among the Native Americans to the present day. Details the spiritual meaning of the game to Native Americans as well as its history among the non-Natives in their relations with Natives. Outlines the evolution in gear, rules, and playing fields. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPlacros.wps

The Hotel Business in Canada
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This 5 page paper focuses on employees in Canada's hotels. Union and non-union laborers are compared and issues such as wages , job security and scheduling are discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA014Ho.rtf

The Hotel Industry in Canada
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This 8 page paper examines the Canadian hotel industry using Porters Five Forces as a framework for the analysis. The paper defines the industry, looks at the threat from potential new entrants, the influence of substitutes, the pressures and leverage of suppliers and buyers and the rivalry. The bibliography cites 9 sources.
Filename: TEhotelca.rtf

The Impact of Restorative Justice on Canadian Society
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This 5 page paper looks at the concept of restorative justice and attempts to define it. How it has been implemented in Canadian society, and its result, is cogently discussed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA344cjc.rtf

The Importance of Satellites to Canada
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A 10 page overview of the importance of satellite connection to the widely scattered and often remote communities of Canada. Includes information about educational and business applications including teleconferencing, distance learning, and other opportunities which this technology has made available. Identifies Canada as one of the most progressive nations in satellite technology. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Cansat.wps

The Importance of Teacher Involvement in Curriculum Development
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This is a 3 page paper discussing the importance of teacher involvement in curriculum development. Within the last decade changes in curriculum planning in educational systems has led to an adoption of various planning strategies, some which involve teacher interaction and some which don’t, an evaluation of present and proposed systems, and teachers assessment guidelines in addition to a great deal of controversy in all areas. Studies in the United States have shown that curriculum implementation can only be successful if teachers and communities are involved in the development and implementation of curriculum and structural changes. While progress has been made in some states, the provinces in Canada are having more difficulty implementing curriculum and reforms due to decreased funding and unilateral administrative decisions which have not utilized the expertise of educators in the decision-making process. While cases can be made for a common curriculum, overall researchers and practice have shown that any curriculum change should involve the professional input of teachers as well as those invested in the educational programs, the communities. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJtcurr1.rtf

The Increased Fertility in Canada in the Post-War Years
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This 5 page paper considers the post war years in Canada, discussing the increased fertility rate during this period and the influenced that created this temporary phenomenon in the population patterns. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEferti2.wps

The Inequities of Capitalism: Canadian Studies
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This 5 page paper analyzes four articles that are linked by the overall theme of class struggle; each of them speaks to different aspects of that phenomenon. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVIneqCp.rtf

THE INNER WORKINGS OF THE CANADIAN RADIO-TELEVISION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
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This 13-page paper covers various issues relating to Canada's CRTC including legislation, telecommunications issues and spectrum issues. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MTcrtcov.rtf

The Issue of Labeling Genetically Engineered Foods in Canada
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This is an 11 page paper discussing the issue of labeling genetically engineered foods in Canada. Currently within Canada recent consumer polls have indicated that over 95% of Canadians want genetically engineered (GE) or genetically modified (GM) foods labeled as such. While this may appear to be a straight forward issue simply resolved with mandatory legislation, within Canada there are still no laws requiring labeling of genetically engineered food. Currently, businesses, the government and consumers seem to be at an impasse in regards to voluntary labeling which was introduced in 1999 and the possibility of mandatory labeling currently enforced in over 35 countries worldwide. While mandatory labeling should be introduced in Canada, consumers should also be aware that in order to do so, the federal government will have to implement a complex and costly monitoring process in order to enforce the legislation properly. In addition, because of cross pollination which has already occurred between genetically engineered crops and organic crops, most legislators feel that most labels would have to include the phrase “may contain genetically engineered material” which would not provide the consumer with any more information than he or she has now. While labeling should be considered because of consumer demand, consumers must also realize the impact this may have on Canada within the international market, as Canada now is the world’s third largest producer of genetically engineered crops and its major trading partner, the United States, has no current labeling restrictions. Health Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) are responsible for current labeling policies which focus mainly on health and safety concerns in a product and the mandatory exclusion of non-factual information on a product label. Should GE labeling be required in Canada, it should not deter consumers from the health and safety concerns. Lastly, because genetically engineered foods have been deemed as safe, that is why they are now not required to be labeled. This is also controversial as some advocate that since GE foods have only been in use for 10 years, this is not enough time to evaluate long term impact on consumer health and the environment. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJCangn1.rtf

The Leadership of Sheila Fraser
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This 6 page paper focuses on this female executive who is the first female to have been appointed Auditor General in Canada. Some biographical data is included. The paper focuses on leadership theories such as transformational and transactional leadership models. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA429SF.rtf

The Leaky Condo Problem
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of the leaky condominium problem that has plagued British Columbia along with other regions of Canada. This well-known dilemma is discussed in terms of causes, technical aspects and resolutions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA140BC.rtf

The Lives of the Settlers: Canada
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A 3 page paper which examines the lives of the first people, or the Colonists in Canada. The paper also examines what an individual would perhaps miss the most if they lived in that time period. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: RAfrca.rtf

The Management of Toxic Substances in Canada
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This 5 page paper examines the problem of toxic waste and general environmental concerns. Environment Canada and legislation is discussed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA708Can.rtf

The Merits of Gender Parity in the Canadian Legislature
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This 10 page paper reflects upon the issue of gender parity and the call to address the general sense of inequality in the Canadian Legislature. This paper considers the benefits of a higher degree of diversification and the importance of a greater level of representation for women and also reflects increasing feminist trends. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MHcanpar.wps

The Montreal Olympic Tower
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This 5 page paper considers the infamous building of the Montreal Olympic tower, which missed the Olympics by being completed seven years late. The paper considers its conception, symbolic meaning, design and construction. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEmontow.wps