Prisons & Jails / Overcrowding
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In 12 pages, the author discusses the subject of overcrowding in prisons and jails, giving the reasons for overcrowding, how it is being coped with, the pros and cons, and the best of the various possible solutions for limiting the problem. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: Ovrcrowd.rtf

Prisons are Populated by the Wrong Offenders
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This 5 page paper examines the issues of overpopulation and mandatory minimums. The thesis is that the prisons contain a lot of nonviolent offenders but violent offenders walk the streets. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA650pri.rtf

Prisons Today and Drug Offenders
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A 5 page paper which explores the relationship between prison and drug offenders today. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAprsn.rtf

Privatization of Prisons
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the debate between private versus public prisons. The paper concludes that privatization is the answer to the prison problem. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA242pop.rtf

Privatizing Prisons
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A 7 page paper which argues for the privatization of prisons. Bibliography list 5 sources.
Filename: RAprrpsn.rtf

Privilege or Right? / Visitation & Education Within the Prison System
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A 15 page paper addressing the issues of visitation, education, and job training. These are not privileges and should be considered rights. These are obviously issues that have not been addressed in the inmates childhood and should be addressed now before it is too late, if it isn't already. A hypothetical survey and results are included for the student to gain ideas. A reference page follows containing 16 sources.
Filename: Veps.doc

Probation
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The role of probation in the American criminal justice system is explored in this 15 page analytical paper. The writer provides an historical account of probation's evolution and delves into contemporary material as well-- including a look at alternatives such as electronic monitoring devices. The debates surrounding the issue of probation are also included and recommendations are made. Bibliography lists more than a dozen sources.
Filename: Amprobat.wps

Probation and Parole
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A 5 page paper which examines the different types of probation and parole. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAprpre.rtf

Probation And Parole: Effectiveness
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3 pages in length. The concept of probation and parole is one that attempts to reintroduce convicted criminals back into a civilized society. While some approaches work better than others, one might readily argue how no single program can be expected to work one hundred percent of the time. As the effectiveness of probation and parole programs go, however, there are two that stand out at both ends of the spectrum. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCProbPar.rtf

Probation Office Problems
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This 6 page paper explores the problems that arise when offenders don't comply with probation orders, and suggests ways to solve this problem. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVProbat.rtf

Probation/Parole Alternatives
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4 pages in length. Community policing reflects a positive move toward maintaining peace and safety where probation and parole fall short. Clearly, the melding of police and community is essential for the continuation of a civilized society. With the ever-growing need to find other ways in which to modify ineffective probation and parole programs, community policing stands tall as a viable alternative. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCProbParAl.rtf

Problems and Solutions for the Troubled American Prison System
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This 5 page paper takes a look at the criminal justice system with a focus on prisons. Suggestions are made. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA644pr.rtf

Program Evaluation
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An 8 page overview of the considerations that go into program evaluation. This paper emphasizes the importance of clear goals and objectives that provide the framework against which success can be defined. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPcrmprgrmeval.rtf

Programs for Incarcerated Mothers and Their Families
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This 12 page report discusses the fact that when a woman with children is sentenced to serve prison time, her family faces an entirely different set of circumstances than having a father behind bars. While incarceration of a loved one is always difficult, for the children of an incarcerated mother are particularly victimized. Innovative programs for mothers and children are taking place at some correctional facilities around the nation but much more can and should be done. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: BWjailma.rtf

Programs To Reduce Recidivism
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A 3 page paper that reports some programs that have been shown to reduce recidivism. The writer includes a caveat: some programs work for some prisoners and not others, thus, there are no programs that will always reduce the rate of recidivism. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGrecdv9.rtf

Pros and Cons of the ‘Three-Strikes and You’re Out’ Laws in California and Florida
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A 6 page paper which examines these two states’ approaches to criminal justice by way of background, supporting and opposing positions, and comparing and contrasting each state’s stance on the issue. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TGtriostrik.rtf

Protection From HIV In Prison
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HIV/AIDS is increasing at a disproportionate rate to that of the general population and yet there remains barriers to instituting preventative programs that go beyond being educational such as providing condoms, needles and bleaching kits. This 8 page paper argues that the reasons for the lack of authorization can be described as denial (there is not a problem so why institute a 'solution'); security and public opinion. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KTprthiv.rtf

Psychological and Personality Theories in Relation to Criminal Behavior: Discussion of Theories and Analysis of Six Studies
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This is a 10 page paper discussing psychological and personality theories in relation to criminal behavior. Psychological and personality theories used most often in relation to criminal behavior are those which are based on the psychoanalytical developmental theories of Freud, the cognitive developmental theories of Kohlberg, the learning and behavioral theories of Eysenck and the constitutional-learning/intelligence based theories of Wilson and Herrnstein. In regards to application in the field however, analysis of research studies which are involved with the relationship between mental illness and criminal behavior, most investigators report the high correlation between mental illness and criminal behavior and that which violence-based when dealing with psychopaths. Other aspects of the studies report some treatments within facilities which have been shown to be more effective which relate primarily to the cognitive and learning behavioral theories. Those facilities which have reported using cognitive and learning based treatments in their therapy of criminals with mental illness have seen a decreased desire for their inmates to recommit and a decreased reconviction rate in those who have been released. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: TJcrimb1.rtf

Psychological and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behavior: B.F. Skinner and Operant Behavior
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A 5 page review of Skinner's theories and their application to criminology. This work has applications in many arenas. These include such diverse facets of our lives as learning and distinguishing right from wrong. Although Skinner has had many critics over the years, much of this criticism revolved a misunderstanding of the man and his theories. His work is, in fact, supported by many that both preceded and followed him in history and has many applications in criminal psychology in particular. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPcrmPs3.rtf

Psychological Criminal Profiling
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This 60 page paper provides an overview of the process of psychological criminal profiling, defining the specific connection between types of crimes, types of criminals, and the development of psychological assessments. This paper integrates a view of psychological principles, as well as specific issues related to crime and sociology in order to determine why some individuals participation in behaviors that are deviant and others do not. This paper then goes on to apply these principles to a view of certain criminals, including Jack the Ripper. Bibliography lists 25 sources.
Filename: MHcrimpr.wps

Psychological Impacts on Children Whose Parents Are Incarcerated
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A 10 page discussion of how parental incarceration impacts children. The author emphasizes that he degree to which a child will be affected by parental incarceration varies according to a number of factors, not the least of which is the child's developmental level, the specific relationship that existed between the child and the incarcerated parent, and even the gender of both the incarcerated parent and the child. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPchdPrs.rtf

Psychological Theories, Child Molesters, and the Incarcerated
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This 11 page report discusses two psychological theories -- psychodynamic theory and cognitive/behavior theory -- in the context of child molesters and those who are incarcerated for the crime. Most people think of child molestation as one of the (if not the single) most heinous of all crimes. Because it is thought of as such, countless researchers, mental health professionals, and social scientists make every effort to determine just what it is that causes a person to molest a child. Is it biological? Is it a response to how the person was treated when he was a child? Is their a deep psychological deviancy that sees a child as an appropriate sexual focus? These questions and many others always circle around the issue of molestation. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWantisy.rtf

Punishment and Crime
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A 7 page overview of the question of whether increased sentences would serve as a deterrent to crimes involving weapons. This paper supports the contention that they would. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPcrmDoublingSentences.rtf

Purposes of Criminal Justice
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A 3 page research paper that discusses the four principal purposes associated with the criminal justice system, which are deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation and retribution. Examining the efficacy of each of these purposes reveals that their implementation in today's criminal justice system is seriously flawed, particularly in regards to the current focus of that system, which is on incapacitation. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khdirr.rtf

Questions in Philosophy: Crime and Punishment
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This 10 page paper examines eight questions in respect to crime and punishment. Various approaches and authors are mentioned. Typical criminology theories are embraced. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA417QaA.rtf

Race and Ethnicity in the Criminal Justice System
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This 7 page paper examines the criminal justice system in the United States of America. Various roles are examined including the roles of judges, attorneys and probation officers. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA528cj.rtf

Race and the Prison System
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An 8 page paper which examines the issues of race and the prison system. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RArcsy.rtf

Racial Disparities in the Application of the Death Penalty
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This 10 page paper examines this claim with the use of logic and evidence. Various issues are explored inclusive of regional variances and the race of the victim. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA611cap.rtf

Racial Profiling: Fact or Fallacy?
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A 4 page overview of the common misperception that racial profiling accounts for the disproportionate representation that some minorities have in our criminal justice system. Noting that this fallacy is often stretched to imply concern over implications in the post-September 11 environment, the author emphasizes that the fact is that a particular culture’s propensity for crime, not their race is what lands them in our nation’s prisons. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPcrmRc2.rtf

Racism in Maryland: What the Incarceration Rate Means
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This 5 page paper examines rates of arrests and incarceration by. Race in the Maryland criminal justice system is examined. Statistics are used as well as specific studies on racism in Maryland's courts. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA436Md.rtf

Rape and War: An Examination of Sexual Violence in Times of War
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A 7 page discussion of the abhorrent trend or sexual violence in Bosnia and Rwanda during war. This paper examines that trend from the perspective of defining them as war crimes and acts of genocide. Bibliography lists sources.
Filename: PPrapeW2.rtf

Recidivism: Probation vs. Incarceration
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(Additional Information): 5 pages. Repeated studies have shown that probation plays little role in effectively communicating with drug treatment programs to ensure that offenders are in fact utilizing these programs in accordance with their probation. Bibliography has 1 source.
Filename: JAincarc2.rtf

Recidivism: Probation vs. Incarceration
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26 pages. This is an in-depth study of the effects of probation versus incarceration when it comes to the current rate of recidivism. After researching a myriad of sources including books, newspapers, websites, scientific studies, journals and other diverse and relevant means of accumulation of the facts, it has become obvious that probation does not reduce the rate of recidivism on crime. The fact is that more criminals return to their criminal behavior when placed on probation as opposed to those who are incarcerated. This interesting paper will explain those findings in detail. Bibliography lists 23 sources.
Filename: JAincarc.rtf

Reducing Recidivism Rates
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A 14 page paper. The catalyst for this paper is an article written by Faye Taxman: "Behavioral Management for Community Supervision. The Staff is the Agent of Change." The paper begins with a report of recidivism rates and then reports and discusses Taxman's article interspersing comments from other authors. Successful programs are reported. The writer recommends a program that incorporates Taxman's supervision program and other programs that have been successful. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PGrdvsm9.rtf

Reducing the Risk of Crime at Colleges and Universities
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A 4 page paper which examines crime and the prevention of crime at colleges and universities across the nation. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAcrumv.rtf

Reflecting on Judge Dee's Celebrated Cases
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This six-page-paper discusses the series of mysteries and the historical significance of the descriptions of seventh century criminal investigative techniques. The similarities and differences between old China and new Western culture investigations are outlined and discussed. Bibliography lists one source.
Filename: CWjugdee.rtf

Reframing an Inquiry as a Qualitative Study and its Utility in Criminal Justice Research
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This 6 page paper provides an overview of the reframing of a research proposal on criminal justice from a quantitative analysis to a qualitative approach. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MHquaCri.rtf

Reframing Noninformational Matters
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4 pages in length. Other than her immediate advisors or cabinet members, the Governor should seek advice from two very important sources of tangible input – as opposed to sterile statistics - where criminal activity and correctional facilities are concerned: community police chiefs and prison wardens. Additionally, representatives from such advocate groups as Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) should be approached for their valuable contribution where the issue of early release is considered. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCReframe.rtf

Rehabilitation is Superior to Incarceration
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This 3 page paper argues that rehabilitation is superior to incarceration in the United States. The prison system is explored. Both points of view are noted but only rehabilitation is supported with factual data and opinions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA345inc.rtf

Report Compilation in Criminal Investigation
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A 4 page emphasis on the importance of investigative reports in criminology. The author points out the complexity of the data that is typically collected and the value of computer generated reports. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPcrmRpt.rtf

Research Proposal; Success Factors in Rehabilitation in Ugandan Prisons
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This 9 page paper is a research proposal to examine offender rehabilitation in Ugandan prisons. The paper is made up of a literature review, looking at prison issues and rehabilitation in Uganda along with relevant theories which may be used to assess their efficacy, the proposed hypotheses and a methodology. The bibliography cites 20 sources.
Filename: TEugandareh.rtf

Restitution in the Criminal Justice System
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This 4 page paper examines restitution for victims. Civil and criminal victims are discussed. This paper focuses on restorative justice. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA727res.rtf

Restorative Justice, Alternative Punishment And In-Home Monitoring
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5 pages in length. Traditional methods of criminal justice have come under fire in recent years with the recurring accusation that simply locking up a criminal offender does little to encourage rehabilitation and even less to protect society when that offender ultimately leaves prison. Restorative justice, critics of conventional approaches claim, is the contemporary way in which to reach offenders and teach them how to live within a civilized society. Not only do these alternative programs serve to reduce the recidivism rate for many types of criminal activity, but it also reduces expenditures and saves taxpayers in a most important place: their wallets. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCRestorJust.rtf

Samuel Walker, the Wedding Cake, and Criminal Justice
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A 4 page paper which examines and discusses Samuel Walker’s theory of criminal justice as it involves the wedding cake. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAwddw.rtf

Searches of Inmates, Visitors and Cells in Canadian Federal Penitentiaries
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A 7 page companion to a 22-slide PowerPoint presentation and separate Appendix file containing data tables and prison images. The project examines the practice of searching inmates, cells and visitors for the purpose of controlling drugs and other items of contraband. People have been quite creative in their efforts to get drugs inside prisons; a Canadian prison warden states that intercepting drugs and items that can be made into weapons is the greatest security problem in the Canadian prison system. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: KScrimSearchCa.rtf