Bilingual Education And ESL – Article Reviews
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A 5 page paper. Four articles are reviewed providing the author's main points and a brief summary of the article. Two articles focus on bilingual education – one provides an argument opposing bilingual education, the other supports bilingual education. The other two articles reviewed address teaching English as a second language. Each offers ideas for the teacher to use. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGeslbil.rtf

Black Students Educational Achievement
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An 8 page paper that begins with background and a research question about educational programs and the achievement levels of Black students. Two sections follow, each presenting an outline for a quantitative study, the first is experimental and the second is literature based. The question is: What types of educational programs help Black children and youth to increase academic achievement? The sub-question is: What variables affect the academic performance of Black children and youth. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGblk08a.RTF

Block Scheduling and PE
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A 6 page paper which examines the difference between block scheduling and traditional scheduling as it involves the subject of physical education, arguing that block scheduling is more effective in teaching PE than traditional scheduling. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: RApe.rtf

Block Scheduling Versus Traditional Scheduling
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This 5 page paper begins with introductory comments regarding scheduling. Traditional scheduling has been criticized for many years. In fact, in 1984, Goodlad advised scheduling be changed to allow more time in each class. The essay then explains what block scheduling is, including three models. The writer then discusses the advantages and the disadvantages of block scheduling. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGblksc.rtf

Bogus Arguments Against Bilingual Education - Review
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An 8 page paper. The full title of the book reviewed is: Condemned Without a Trial: Bogus Arguments Against Bilingual Education by Stephen Krashen. In this essay, the writer provides a synopsis of each of the five Bogus Arguments with comments. The writer points out the Krashen also makes some statements without support. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PGbgsbl.RTF

Book Review / 'On Becoming A Leader' / Leader Or Teacher
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A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the major points of Warren Bennis' book, On Becoming a Leader, and considers their application for teaching as a form of leadership. Bibliography lists no additional sources.
Filename: Bennis.rtf

Bottom Up Or Top Down – Phonics Or Whole Language
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A 9 page paper. For more than three decades, a battle has raged over the most effective approach to reading instruction. Is phonics or whole language better when teaching reading? This paper discusses the controversy from each of the perspectives, explaining each along with their respective advantages or benefits. The writer suggests a balanced approach may be the answer to end the controversy. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PGrdphw.rtf

Brain Development And Learning A Second Language
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A 12 page paper. This essay provides a synopsis of the highlights of 5 articles that emphasize how the brain learns a new language or what variables account for the greatest variance between successful and unsuccessful language learners. One article argues against the Foreign Language Learning Disability theory. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGlnbrnr.RTF

Brain Research and its Applicability to Learning
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A 5 page overview of the latest research on the brain and how this research applies to learning. Notes the findings of three authors in particular who are instrumental in summarizing the scientific information into a format which is useful to educators. These authors are Eric Jensen, Marian Diamond, and Robert Sylwester. Emphasizes that learning occurs though an individual being cognizant of his or her environment and gaining knowledge from that environment. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPedBrai.wps

Brainstorming As Pre-Reading Exercise In ESL Classrooms
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A 5 page paper. One of the many challenges the teacher faces when teaching non-English speaking students reading skills is context. The ESL student has a limited English vocabulary, which means that even if students are able to decode words, they may have no context of what they are reading. Brainstorming is one of the techniques being used as a pre-reading exercise in ESL classrooms to help students understand what they are about to read. This paper explains the brainstorming technique and the reasons for using it. Examples are also included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGbrnses.rtf

Bridging The Achievement Gap By Chubb And Loveless
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This is a 3 page overview of the entitled book. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PGbrdg.rtf

Brophy/Teaching
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A 4 page summation of an excellent article by Jere Brophy entitled "Teaching." The writer covers Brophy's main points and argues that this overview of teaching exemplifies superlative teaching methodology. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khbrophy.rtf

Building Student Self-Esteem And Feelings Of Security
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This 6 page paper provides lists of strategies and activities to enhance student self-esteem and feelings of security in their classrooms. Creating a safe and secure environment and building self-esteem will lead to higher achievement. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGslfst.rtf

Burrhus Frederic Skinner
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5 pages in length. When one hears the phrase "operant conditioning," the first name that typically comes to mind is Burrhus Frederic Skinner. Considered one of the ten leading educators in American history, B.F. Skinner set a significant precedence with regard to human behavior and the learning process. The writer discusses various components of Skinner's learning theories. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCskinr.doc

California Language Arts Framework
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This 8 page paper offers a basic overview of how the Language Arts Framework was developed. It provides an example by using one element in reading to demonstrate the sequential nature of the frameworks from grade to grade. The writer then reports six of the elements for reading and relates these to two of the standards from the IRA and then relates them to the 9th grade language arts program at a particular school. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGcalng.rtf

California Math Standards, Gate, & Saxon Math
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A 5 page paper. The catalyst question for this paper was: How to teach Saxon Math to 4th/5th grade GATE students in accordance with the California math standards. The essay begins with some general comments about the California Mathematics Standards, including a general synopsis of what students are supposed to do by the end of the 5th grade. The focus of the Saxon math series is then explained. Comments about Saxon math from others are reported. The writer concludes that while Saxon math may fit within the general criteria of the standards, it would not be a good program to use with students who were gifted in math. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGsxmt.rtf

CALLA/ESL Instruction
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A 7 page research paper that offers an overview of the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA), which discusses its benefits and drawbacks and also offers several examples of its application. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khcalla.rtf

Campano/Immigrant Students and Literacy
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An 8 page research paper/essay that review Gerald Campano’s book on immigrant education. The writer summarizes the principal points of the book and substantiates Campano’s perspective by referring to other sources. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khcampim.rtf

Canon / Degredation Is Not for Today's Students
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A 5 page argumentative essay which posits that for regular curriculum students, exposure to degradation and oppression in the canon has no enduring meaning. In an argument against any ideological foundation for the canon, the writer proves that the canon only has aesthetic meaning for academicians. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Canon.wps

Case Study - Informal Reading Assessment
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A 9 page paper that includes an abstract. The focus of the paper is a hypothetical case study of a second-grade boy who is reading above grade level. An informal reading inventory was administered and the results reported along with comments about the boy's performance and approaches to reading. The last part of the paper discusses the Four Block program as one way to meet different ability levels in the classroom. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PGrdn4b.rtf

Case Study: School Governance Analysis
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A 10 page paper. Using student-supplied information about an elementary school, the writer responds to a number of questions and issues. These include: identified student performance goals, if met, how evaluated, determining if changes need to be made, reporting the data, recognizing successes, use of best practices, and what the school needs to do to improve their program. The writer suggests more training for the staff. Student test score data included. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PGelsc.rtf

Castleman & Niewoehner's 'Going to Law School'
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A 5 page review of a book by Harry Castleman and Christopher Niewoehner that details what's involved in going to law school-what law school is like, how classes are run, the ins-and-outs of which one to choose and how to apply-these topics and more are all covered in this book. This report concentrates on the first few chapters of the book which examines why a student would choose law school and the personality traits necessary to make a good lawyer. Quotations from the source.
Filename: Golaw.wps

Causes of Unemployment
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A 7 page discussion of the growing unemployment rate. The author contends that the changing workplace has resulted in technological demands that entry-level workers are not prepared to meet. Bibliography lists 4 sources. PPunempl.rtf
Filename: PPunempl.rtf

Change Management : Adopting The Four-Blocks Literacy Framework
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This 70 page is a dissertation case study up to the collection and analysis of actual data. The study involves an elementary school where the Four-Blocks Literacy Framework is being adopted but many teachers are resisting the change. The sections of this comprehensive paper include: Introduction, including background about the school, changing demographics, test scores, the Four-Blocks approach and change implementation. The Literature Review includes a comprehensive explanation of the Four-Blocks Framework with research studies reported; an example of a comprehensive literacy-based lesson plan; an extensive discussion of change management, including types and causes of resistance and strategies to deal with it. The purposes of the study are then outlined, followed by a methodology section that includes participants, an explanation of qualitative research and case studies, and the procedures for the study. The Concerns-Based Adoption Model is outlined because one component of the model is to be used. A draft survey for teachers is included. The paper ends with a description of how the data will be presented, a restatement of the purpose of the study and conclusions. Statistical data are included. Bibliography lists 52 sources.
Filename: PG4blkch.rtf

Changes in Educational Paradigms and Curricula During the Twentieth Century
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This 5 page paper discusses educational models that have cropped up during the twentieth century and how they changed education. Constructivism, Progressivism, and the Inquiry method are each discussed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA633edu.rtf

Changing Classrooms/Honoring Cultural Diversity
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A 3 page research paper that examines, hypothetically, the way that a child might feel moving from to a classroom that honor cultural diversity from a traditional classroom and vice versa. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khchcl.rtf

Changing Math Text And Program
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An 8 page paper. The writer presents a scenario of an elementary school whose students are performing poorly in math. A new mathematics textbook series is chosen but the teachers do more - they change their instructional approach, adopting both constructivist principles and exercises and cooperative learning. The writer explains why these choices are made and the anticipated effects. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PGmath6.rtf

Changing Perceptions of the Deaf and ASL
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In three pages this paper examines how the deaf are being more socially and academically included, how perceptions regarding American Sign Language have changed, and discusses the new pride of the deaf community. Three sources are listed in the bibliography.
Filename: TGasldeaf.rtf

Chapter 22: Phrasal Verbs
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A 3 page paper that summarizes the content of chapter 22 from Marianne Celce-Murcia and Diane Larsen-Freeman’s text on ESL/EFL grammar instruction, Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teachers Course. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khpvs.rtf

Character Education
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4 pages in length. It used to be that one's character was molded by the upstanding examples and life lessons passed down from one's parents; if an individual lacked moral fiber, it was often considered a failing on the parental part. Today, however, society has changed so drastically that children and youth are lucky to have even one parent available to prepare a school lunch, much less have the opportunity to be taught some of the most important lessons of good character. This task, therefore, has since fallen upon the educational system as a way in which to instill the necessary tenets of personal and social integrity. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCCharacEd.rtf

Characteristics Of Effective Schools
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This 12 page paper discusses the characteristics and standards that are found in effective schools. Following an introduction, the writer begins by commenting on the importance of an effective principal and then explains and discusses the standards of effectiveness as promoted by the Association for Effective Schools. These are the characteristics of an effective, high-performing school. The essay concludes with a discussion of how one school adopted these characteristics. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGefsc2.rtf

Child Semantics: The Relationship of Age and Interaction with Language Acquisition and Development
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A 5 page overview of the factors which influence language acquisition and development in young children. Describes the cognitive learning process and how semantics can differ even in children which are only a few months apart in age. Emphasizes the importance of interaction with adults in developing language skills in young children. Utilizes the results of a study involving nineteen month olds to thirty-one month olds to conclude that while younger children respond more when they are allowed to chose the topic of conversation rather than being questioned by an adult, the older children in this age range respond to both questions and descriptions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPchldLn.wps

Children in the Classroom / Participation vs. Performance
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9 pages outlining collective information/study. Examines the effects of child involvement/participation in the classroom on academic performance. No Bibliography.
Filename: Expattd.wps

Children with Autism and Communication
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A 4 page paper which examines whether or not children with autism can learn to effectively communicate with others. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TGautism.rtf

Children, Language And Reading
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8 pages in length. Language exists within the external world as an artifact that is a collection of symbols in admissible combinations. It is also an embodiment in the brain of the symbols used and the principles that determine their combinations. The brain uses the same machinery to represent language that it uses to represent any other entity. Neuroscientists have come to understand the neural basis for the brain’s representations of external objects as well as their events and the relations of those events. This simultaneously gains insight into the brain’s representation of language and into the mechanisms that connect the two. By assimilating the findings of a particular research focus, one can readily associate the relationship between literature and vocabulary with regard to a child's reading aptitude. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCreadg.wps

Christian Education
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of some of the issues in teaching with a Christian perspective, including views of issues like abortion from a Christian perspective. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHChriEd.rtf

Christian School Administrators Vs Public School Administrators
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A 5 page paper. Are there differences between the Christian school leader and the public school leader? This is the question that is addressed. The writer offers a description of the Christian school education goals and a list of what are considered the essential characteristics of the leader in a Christian school. Then, taking information from effective school principal studies, the writer provides a synopsis and a comparison between the two. Finally, the writer makes guestimates as to how each of these leaders would score on Kouzes and Posner's leadership practices items. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGChrpr.rtf

Class Size And Student Achievement
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This 32 page paper investigations the relationship between class size and student achievement. The introduction provides an overview of the information available. Part 1 provides an historical overview of the research on class size dating back to 1909. Those early studies did not find any positive correlation but they were riddled with problems that were overcome with better research designs and the introduction of standardized tests. Part 2 offers a literature review of more recent studies that have focused on the relationship between class size and student achievement. Despite clean, empirical studies over the last two decades, the controversy regarding large versus small class size and student achievement still exists. The writer explains why. The discussion and conclusion section ties the research together to make a generalized conclusion that the students who benefit the most from small class sizes in the primary grades are minority inner city students. Data are included. Bibliography lists 22 sources.
Filename: PGclssz4.rtf

Class Size Reduction Does Work
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10 pages in length. Attempting to educate the masses is often met with significant challenges that can thwart the very objective; from teacher apathy to lackadaisical attitudes and poor instruction to budget cutbacks, no longer is it as easy as presenting a lesson plan for students to glean its academic message. One of the most challenging components of contemporary learning, however, is the aspect of overcrowded classrooms, a problem that has exponential consequences beyond not being enough seats to go around. The extent to which class size has become a critical component to effective learning is both grand and far-reaching; that reduction is a wholly viable solution speaks to the combined simplicity and complexity of addressing the problem. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCClassSz.rtf

Classroom Communication
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This 8 page paper looks at a fictitious class of students looking at how communication takes place between the students and between the students and the teacher and how this may be improved. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEclascom.rtf

Classroom Computers
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The New Reading Teachers Assistant: This five-page-paper presents a discussion on the benefits of using a classroom computer to instruct students in reading skills. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: CWcomrea.wps

Classroom Discipline Plan/College Level
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A 5 page research paper that discusses William Glasser's anti-coercion discipline model as it might be applied to the college classroom. The major principles of this model are discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khdismod.rtf

Classroom Issues: Bias & Educational Philosophy
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A 6 page paper. Two separate issues are discussed. The first is a scenario about a student who makes a derogatory comment about a culture that is being discussed in social studies class. The issue is how the teacher should handle the situation and where normative reasoning comes into play. The second part of this paper deals with the writer's educational philosophy and relates to Plato's The Republic. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGmisc.wps

Classroom Management
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A 3 page paper that begins with comments about the importance of classroom management. The essay discusses general techniques for effective classroom management and briefly explains choice theory. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGclmg07.RTF

Classroom Management
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5 pages. This paper describes how teachers can use various ways to keep their student's attention and keep the classroom under control. Several methods are discussed such as eye contact, facial expressions, and a myriad of unique ways to interest students. While some teachers must endure behavior problems among their students there are ways to counteract this problem that will enable teachers to have more control in the classroom. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAclsrm.rtf