Chaco National Park.
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(10 pp) This discussion centers around a student based assignment to present a problem and/or a controversial subject to an educated audience. The issue and its history needs to be defined; the problem analyzed; debate presented how to resolve the problem; and potential solution to the problem. Although this was developed as a student initiative, the concerns around Chaco Canyon National Park and World Heritage Center are real. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: BBchcoFR.doc

Chaetognatha (Arrow Worms)
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A 3 page morphological and ecological description of arrow worms. These organisms have evolved to have several advantages in their chosen habitats. They are important not just as predators but as a food source for higher organisms and as host species for various parasites. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPwormsA.rtf

Challenges & Advantages of Retrofitting Old Power Plants to Achieve Modern Environmental Compliance
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This 70 page paper considers the issue of retrofitting old power plants and the challenges and advantages that correspond with bringing these plants up to environmental standards. As a component of addressing this issue, this paper will also evaluate the necessity for upgrading existing plants, the emerging concerns and reasoning surrounding the urgency for environmental compliance, and the problems that have occurred in past attempts at transforming existing power plants throughout the world. Bibliography lists 40 sources.
Filename: MHpowerp.wps

Challenges of Environmental Sustainability
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An 8 page paper discussing two environmental problems in China (the Three Gorges Dam and air pollution) and measures that the government has or may take to mitigate the environmental effects. In contrast is the experience of Singapore, which adopted stringent environmental regulations when its economic growth led to environmental degradation. Singapore was able to address growing environmental problems before they came to be ingrained in systems and operations, and after MNEs became dependent on Singapore's markets and workforce. Likely its small size also contributed to dedication to environmental sustainability, an advantage that China does not have. Bibliography lists 6 sources. PowerPoint presentation available.
Filename: KSenvSusDevel.rtf

Challenges to the World Economy
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A 5 page paper discussing short-term economic challenges. The still-emerging world economy ultimately will be managed online in some manner, whether via the Internet or over a series of intranets. Western Europe has simplified business there with the creation of the monetary union and a common currency. Shipping is becoming more efficient as increasing numbers of the world's ports privatize operations and become greatly more efficient. The primary challenges that exist now relate to still-emerging markets and whether we will give any attention to sustainable development. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSeconGlobChal.rtf

Chameleons: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Ecology
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A 5 page overview of the group of animals we know as chameleons. The author provides a specific phylogenetic classification of these animals from Kingdom to Species, noting the similarities in evolutionary pattern with other vertebrates and distinguishing the chameleon from other lizards on the basis of key taxonomic criteria. A discussion of the ecology of the group as a whole is presented as is a brief notation on the endangered status of one specific example of this group, Chamaeleo belalandaensis. A detailed explanation of how and why the chameleon changes color is included as well. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPchamel.rtf

Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England": A Review of the Book by William Cronan
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A 4 page overview of the major points presented by this ethnohistorian. Cronan contends that The Native American inhabitants of New England at the point of European colonization viewed the land in a much different manner than did the colonist. They utilized its resources, of course, but they utilized those resources only for the purposes of their own sustenance. The colonists, in contrast, were intent on using the land not just for their own needs but for economic profit. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPcolEnv.rtf

Chemical & Biological Weapons / The American Approach
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A 5 page research paper on the present state of chemical and biological weapons. This paper critically analyzes the need and use of chemical and biological weapons by countries of the world, with an emphasis on the policies of the United States. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: ChemBioW.wps

Chernobyl: Safety
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A 4 page paper which examines the safety conditions at Chernobyl. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAchenbl.rtf

China and the Kyoto Agreement
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This 3 page paper outlines the position of China with reference to their support for the Kyoto Treaty. The paper considers what arguments China may pit forwards for their position and the long term implications of this position. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEchinky.rtf

China’s Pollution and the United States
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A 3 page paper which examines the pollution in China, and then discusses what affect this pollution has on the United States. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAchusp.rtf

China: Bad Geographical Karma
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(6 pp.) The amazing thing about China is its incredible size. You may believe that you are going in one direction, and really end up in another - there is that much to know and learn. Unfortunately China may be in a place in its ecological development where the rest of us, world-wide will be influenced as well. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBchnawa.doc

Choosing Organic Foods
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This 5 page paper explores whether or not organic food is actually more nutritious than food produced in traditional ways, and finds that in general, it is not. It has an advantage because it’s not raised using pesticides; however, that is frequently offset by the long distances it is trucked to the consumer. The paper suggests that people who can afford to buy organic (it’s generally 50% more than traditional food) might like to do so because they feel better and believe they are helping the environment. There is some doubt if either is true, but the perception may be enough to bring about a change in reality. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVOrgFud.rtf

Clean Coal Technology
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A 5 page paper. Are there any existing technologies that can make coal clean? This question is answered in this essay. Even today, more than half of all the electricity used in the U.S. comes from coal-powered power stations. Coal plants are responsible for emitting large amounts of pollutants into the air. There has been some progress and there may be new technologies on the horizon. The federal government is funding a number of projects, which are described. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGcoal.rtf

Cleaner Plastics; Lifecycle and Recycling
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Plastics are associated with poor environmental practices consuming fossil fuels in their production and disposal. This 20 page paper considers the way in plastics production and recycling may be undertaken in a cleaner way. The paper focuses on recycling looking at the lifecycle from the recycling perspective including the creation of plastics using plants that result in biodegradable plastics as well as the ways in which plastics may be recycled. The bibliography cites 50 sources.
Filename: TEplastics.rtf

Clear-Cutting:
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This 3 page paper examines the issue of clear-cutting. More specifically, this paper addresses what it is, where it occurs, and the plethora of ramifications that it creates for society and the environment. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSClrcut.rtf

Climate Change
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A 4 page paper that discusses specific issues and reports specific documents. Following an introductory paragraph, the essay explains Hubbert's Peak as related to fossil fuels, particularly oil. The writer then reports proposed actions from a McKinsey & Company report and explains adaptation and mitigation as explained in another major international report. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGclscp.RTF

Climate Change and Soil Formation in Southern England
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An 8 page paper which examines how climate changes have affected the formation of soil in southern England over the past million years. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAsoile.rtf

Climate Change and Technology
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This 10 page paper looks at the potential for technology to be used to help with the international problem of climate change and global warming. The paper assessing the problem of climate change and outlines some of the potential causes and then looks at a range of ways technology, including biotechnology, can help alleviate some of the issues associated with climate change. The technologies considered include forms of carbon sequestration including ocean iron fertilization and alternatives fuel sources, including ethanol and solar energy. The bibliography cites 15 sources.
Filename: TEclimatetech.rtf

Climate Change: Is it Real?
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A 7 page paper which examines the issues surrounding climate change today, and in the future with a proposed year of what life will be like in 2050. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAclch.rtf

Climate, Topography, and Pollution: Battle Creek, Michigan
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A 3 page overview of how climate, topography, and pollution interact to affect this region. This paper points out that while some pollution is actually mediated by the environment, much presents serious concern to mankind and the ecosystem alike. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPenvMichPollution.rtf

Coal Plant-Generated Environmental Problems
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6 pages in length. Environmental degradation comes in all forms, is emitted by myriad sources, and continues to worsen with every passing year. Determining how to deter this perpetuation and where to start such an overwhelming project often leads lawmakers directly to manufacturing plants that discharge massive amounts of air pollutants, with mercury emissions from the coal industry at the top of this list. In Missouri alone, two plants in particular bring to mind questionable levels of mercury excretion and the damage such discharge is doing to the surrounding environment: Southwest Power Station (0.0214920, plant; 1.2037, state) and James River Power Station, which emits 0.0214920 and 0.0231980, respectively, when compared with the overall state emission amount of 1.2037. The writer discusses coal plants and environmental pollutants. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCCoalP.rtf

Coastal Development: Too Costly?
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5 pages in length. Coastal development used to exist in tandem with the environment; in recent years, it has not only spread dramatically but it has also begun to work against the fragile land. The costs associated with this ceaseless growth are not merely monetary in nature, but rather a combination of economic and environmental expenditure as coastal development inherently damages myriad commodities employed by both man and animal. As a means by which to address this situation, the writer discusses how the concept of sustainable development has been suggested in order to offset the majority of future coastal degradation. However, critics wonder if such a concept possible, given the fact that continued development of any kind will still pose an environmental threat to many coastal locations. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCcoast.wps

COASTAL EROSION IN FLORIDA
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This 4 page paper discusses the effects of erosion and run off on the coastline of Florida. Examples given, studies cited. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MBflcst.rtf

COASTAL POLLUTION
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This 6 page paper discusses water pollution as it applies to coastal areas in the United States and in particular the Dana Point area in California. Measures taken to insure pollution control are outlined as dictated to the city by the EPA. Solutions for national recovery are offered. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MBwtrpol.rtf

COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES
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This 7-page paper examines issues pertaining to coastal resource management in the U.S. Topics include government and non-governmental efforts, as well as the management of land, agriculture, vegetation and water as well. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTcoares.rtf

Cod Collapse
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A 4 page paper examining the early-1990s collapse of Canada's cod fisheries and the changes in the marine ecosystem that appear to be permanent. Overfishing is blamed for the original problem, but the reasons that cod have not recovered after more than a decade clearly have some other cause. The paper recommends giving greater heed to the declining tuna population, which in 2008 is showing similarities to cod in the 1970s. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSenvCodCol.rtf

Cognitive Dissonance And Environmental Ethics
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5 pages in length. People often need a reason to abide by a less popular theory, given the fact that human beings place a great deal of stock into the concept of consistency; when attitudes or beliefs do not conform to the accepted standard, one might begin to feel out of place. Such is the case with cognitive dissonance theory, a psychological approach that contends "there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions" (Cognitive Dissonance #2). Applying this particular theory to the encouragement of environmental ethics within big business, one can readily surmise that the only way in which to offset the common practice of spewing pollutants is to: reduce the importance of the dissonant beliefs; add more consonant beliefs that outweigh the dissonant beliefs; or change the dissonant beliefs so that they are no longer inconsistent. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCCogDs.rtf

Coho Salmon: Description and Life History
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A 7 page overview of the Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) one of the smallest of the salmon species. Describes the appearance and morphological characteristics as well as reproductive behavior. Emphasizes the importance of habitat to this species and the impacts which that habitat is experiencing. Includes a one page description of other related species such as the Chinook salmon and the herring family. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPcoho.wps

Coke’s Green Initiative
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A 3 page discussion of how the Coca Cola company is working to reduce their ecological impact. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PPenvCoke.rtf

Colonial Expansionism and Capitalism
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A 5 page consideration of the differences in approach taken by Native Americans and European colonists in regard to land stewardship. English colonists valued Native land for farming, range land and for whatever other natural resources it could offer. They approached the land from a capitalistic perspective. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPcolEn2.rtf

Combating terrorism and global warming
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An eleven page paper which looks at the way in which different nations and different international blocs view the problems of combating terrorism and global warming, and the various strategies which have been proposed for each. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JLglobwarm.rtf

Communication Themes in Mowat’s “Observing Wolves” and Goodall’s “First Observations”
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This 5 page report discusses the two essays and the work of the authors in the context of how each demonstrates unique communication skills and understanding. Both writers present evidence that the communication that takes place within and between species cannot be dismissed lightly. No sources listed.
Filename: BWwolvcm.wps

Community assembly along proglacial chronosequences in the high Arctic": A review of the research of Hodkinson, Coulson, and Webb
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A 3 page summary of this scientific article. The author identifies the researchers' hypotheses and conclusions. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPplntIn.rtf

Comparing 2 Essays on Global Warming
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A 6 page paper comparing 2 essays. Ross Gelbspan (2004) and Andrew Simms (2005) each present argumentative essays that endeavor to persuade their readers, first of all, that global warming is real and dangerous to humanity as a whole and secondly, that this reality should prompt social change. Simms addresses a British readership; Gelbspan writes for an American audience, and their arguments draw on similar assumptions. However, their writing styles and approach to the topic are quite different. No additional sources cited. kh2rgas.rtfassumptions. However, their writing styles and approach to the topic are quite different. No additional sources cited.
Filename: kh2rgas.rtf

Competitive displacement and bimodal distribution, and keystone species
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A paper which looks in detail at the bimodal distribution of species resulting from competitive displacement, and also explains the importance of keynote species in ecological/ environmental management. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: JLbimod.rtf

Computer Use in Agriculturally Oriented Businesses
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This 4 page paper examines a small farm and a nursery business. Owners are interviewed and research done to discern the differences and similarities between the two types in respect to computer use. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA348agr.rtf

Conducting a Research Study/Attitudes on Environment
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A 5 page research paper that details in a tutorial manner how to conduct a research study on whether or not middle class respondents are more like to express environmentally-friendly behaviors. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khresenv.wps

Conflict Over the Dolphin Slaughter in Taiji, Japan
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This 10 page paper discusses the conflict over the slaughter of dolphins in Japan. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVDolphn.rtf

Conservation & The Redwood Forest
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An 8 page paper that discusses the conservationist and economic arguments concerning the redwood forest in Northern California. The paper further looks at the environmental, financial and psychological arguments behind redwood forest issues, and relates the available conservation efforts that, if used, could save the forests for future generations. Future generations not only refers to the people who enjoy the forests for recreation and profit, but the world of people who benefit from its natural air-cleansing properties. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Redwoodf.wps

Conservation And The Environment
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A 5 page paper that begins with data about global warming. This paper is an exploration of topics that could be of sociological interest in terms of conservation and the environment. The essay comments on attitudes of Americans regarding the environment and the differences between verbal opinions and behaviors. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PGuscne.rtf

Conservation Efforts in Madagascar:
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This 10 page paper discusses the unique wildlife of Madagascar and reveals the many conservation efforts to protect this wildlife. Furthermore, this paper outlines the forces which impede such efforts and why conservation in Madagascar is so important. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: GSReserv.rtf

Conservation Officers and Poachers
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A 10 page paper which examines the methods conservation officers are employing (different techniques, equipment, etc.) to stop poachers in the United States. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TGpoach.rtf

Conservation Status of Bears
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This 5 page paper discusses the conservation status of bears, and what their needs are in the conservation effort. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVBearSt.rtf

Considerations for a Rooftop Garden
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A 10 page exploration of the design elements that would go into a rooftop garden. Rooftop environments vary significantly from ground level environments. Design parameters must take this fact into consideration. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPgrdnRf.rtf