Design Considerations for Nature Reserves
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An 11 page overview of the many design considerations which go into the planning of nature reserves. The author emphasizes the importance of insuring desirable biodiversity both by appropriate design and by appropriate management of the reserve once it is created. Mitigation projects are featured as welcome, if not ideal, opportunities for nature reserve design. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PPbiodiv.rtf

Destruction of the Amazon Rain Forest
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A 6 page research paper that examines both the pros and cons of rain forest conservation and concludes that utilization of the rain forest's biodiversity may prove to be the key to its preservation. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: khdesran.wps

Detroit River International Crossing
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10 pages in length. The background behind the 'The Bridge' – Detroit River International Crossing – surrounds the very nature of equitable commerce and the manner by which effective trade business can continue to operate amidst the current impediments. Incorporating the geographic area of Essex County, Ontario's City of Windsor, Wayne County and Detroit, Michigan, Detroit River International Crossing is both a blessing and a curse to the continued local, regional and national economies that depend upon this particular trade corridor for the "safe, efficient and secure movement of people and goods across the Canadian-U.S. border in the Detroit River area" (Environmental Assessment Activities Ministry of the Environment, 2004). However, the expansion 'the Bridge' provides for this objective creates two significant problems that stand to impede its progress: environmental impact and tremendous traffic issues. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCDetRiver.rtf

Developing the Environmentally Responsible Golf Course
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A 10 page paper discussing the environmental problems that traditional golf course design and maintenance can cause. The paper addresses mowing equipment emissions, water management, fertilizers, pesticides and the use of native plants to arrive at an environmental management plan. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSenvGolfCrs.rtf

Development of a Green Product
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This 5 page report discusses the development of environmentally friendly products. In the process of actually designing a green project, countless variables come into play. Careful planning is required and it is important to take full advantage of the substantial amount of product development and market research has already been collected by organizations and industry around the world. This philosophy behind the desire to create environmentally sound products asserts that humanity has the capability to manage resources to sustain a full array of values and uses through a broader understanding of the ecosystems they inhabit. Life cycle assessment is also discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWgrprod.wps

Development: Environmental, Archaeological, and Human Issues in Developing Countries
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A 14 page discussion of the varied issues confronting developing countries in regard to their rural resources and inhabitants. Emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and the protection of ecological, archaeological and human resources. Presents examples of adverse impacts which have been incurred by each, as well as success stories which have occurred, as a result of development activities in the world's lesser technologically advanced countries. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPdevRur.wps

Devon G. Pena/ Chicano Culture & Environmentalism
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A 5 page essay that examines Devon G. Pena's outstanding collection of essays on Chicano/a culture and environmentalism, entitled Chicano Culture, Ecology, Politics and Subversive Kin. This volume explores the environmental dimensions of the Chicana-Chicano experience relative to environmental issues. The voices in this collection express a wide variety of perspectives and genres, from poetry to autobiographical accounts to theoretical and empirical essays. These all address significant issues of environmentalism and social justice. The writer focuses on the essay by Pena as representative of the book. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khpena.wps

Diesel Fuel, the Environment, and the U.S. Compared to Europe
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This 7 page report discusses attitudes, facts, and the overall impact on the Earth’s environment related to the use of diesel fuel. People who are advocates of a greater use of diesel fuel almost always point to the fact that diesels are more fuel-efficient than spark-ignition engines and offer a greater degree of actual energy than a gallon of “regular” gas. However, in the United States, diesel is generally thought to be inherently “dirty.” Such issues are discussed and comparisons made between European and American formulation and use of diesel fuel. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: BWdiesel.rtf

Differing Ecological Viewpoints
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A 3 page research paper/essay that describes 3 ecological viewpoints. As the world faces the problems associated with global warming, humanity is forced to reconsider priorities and its relationship to the natural world. Various perspectives have evolved due to this need. Three of these perspectives are ecofeminism, pluralism and environmental pragmatism. The principles of these viewpoints are briefly described before offering opinion as to which viewpoint best compliments a sound ethical position. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khecov.rtf

Dinoflagellates
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A 4 page overview of this classification of organism. The author reviews the phylogeny and the ecology of these incredible diverse creatures. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPdinofl.rtf

Dioxin / The Seveso Italy Accident
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A 5 page overview of the problems associated with dioxin contamination as based on studies of the well-documented 1976 explosion of a chlorine manufacturing plant in Seveso Italy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Dioxin.wps

Dioxin Contamination: A Significant Environmental Issue for the World
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A 10 page review of dioxin contamination. This paper discusses the sources of this contamination and its impacts to humans and animals. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPenvDioxin.rtf

Drilling for Oil in the Great Lakes Area
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the problem but argues that drilling should not be done. Specific information on how drilling for oil can harm the environment is provided. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA124oil.rtf

Drinking Water Quality
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A 6 page research paper which examines the problem of whether or not U.S. drinking water is safe. The writer first defines the problem, and then looks at what is being done at the state and national level to keep the public informed as to the quality of their drinking water, and what possible solutions might be implemented to help control water quality. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Drinkwat.wps

Duncan/The River Why
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A 4 page book review that summarizes and analyzes Duncan's novel The River Why. This book concerns fishing in the coastal rivers of Oregon for steelhead and salmon. It is a provocative book that is, at times, very funny, terse, incisive and occasionally boring when the author becomes too enthralled with some of the "big" questions of life. Not surprisingly, as this is a novel published by the Sierra Club, it is also a book that promotes a conservation theme, which is even more pertinent today than it was 20 years ago when the book was first published, as the government has, in many ways, turned away from environmental concerns. Examination of this text shows it to be a well-written tale that is a "must read" for anyone who enjoys the great outdoors or, at least, appreciates its beauty. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khdunwhy.rtf

Earth Day Interdisciplinary Unit
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This is a 4 page paper that begins with a general introduction of the need for children to understand the dangers to the earth. The unit, which is appropriate for grades 2 and 3, begins with an explanation of how Earth Day originated and why. Activities for this unit are outlined under multiple headings to provide an interdisciplinary unit. The headings are: Reading/Literature/Writing/Science/Environmental Health and Science/Environmental Education/Math/Writing/Reading/Art/Music. The essay also includes a brief outline of which Pennsylvania standards are included in the activities. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGerth.rtf

Earth Science & The Environmental Scientist
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13 pages on the important relevance that earth science has to the environmental sciences. Numerous case examples are provided. Bibliography lists more than 20 comprehensive sources.
Filename: Envirsci.wps

Earth's Ecology/A Looming Crisis
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A 5 page research paper that discusses several ecological crises. The writer discusses the depletion of the ozone layer; the increased incidence of asthma and other respiratory diseases; and the climatic consequences of global warming, which includes a connection to the increased strength of hurricanes. The writer also connects this to the HAARP in Alaska, as an indication of the hubris of authorities in coping with these problems. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: khecocri.rtf

Eastshore State Park Proposal: Evaluation
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5 pages in length. After reading Opportunities on the Berkeley Waterfront by Paul Kamen, Vice-Chair of the Berkeley Waterfront Commission, the student will want to state that the crux of contention concerning this particular project points to the ongoing battle between environmentalists and land developers. The proposed site for Eastshore State Park, which is along the east side of the Bay from near the east side of the Bay Bridge to Richmond, has two groups torn as to which direction this area should take with regard to development: one that wants to preserve as much as possible of the existing shoreline and the other that believes people should be able to utilize this land for recreational purposes. No bibliography.
Filename: TLCEsShr.rtf

Eco/Land Valuation
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A 5 page research paper that addresses factors affecting forested land valuation from an ecological and land-use perspective. Forest-use valuation is rapidly becoming more complicated, as is the world economy in general (Beuter and Alig, 2004). This is because the processes involved in valuation concern conflicts arising from "land-use zoning, environmental law, forest practices regulation, site-specific environmental considerations and recognition of forest resource values other than timber" (Beuter and Alig, 2004, p. 4). Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khlndval.rtf

Ecocentrism, Wilderness, And Global Ecosystem Protection
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A 5 page paper. This paper is based on an article written by George Sessions. The writer discusses Sessions' comments and ideas. Each approach offered by Sessions in terms of protecting the earth's ecosystems is overviewed, then discussed in terms of feasibility. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PGeco2.wps

Ecological Economics
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7 pages. This paper will examine articles by four different authors and compare and contrast some of their views regarding economics and environmental rationale. Herman Daly, Nicholas Roegen, Garret Hardin and Murray Bookchin have all written memorable articles on their opinions and ideas focussing on different aspects of economic and ecological issues. This interesting paper explains some of these views and compares them, in some cases, to those of the others. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JAecoeco.rtf

Ecological Footprints
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A 6 page research paper that, first of all, defines what is meant by "ecological footprint." This is an innovative statistical model used to measure how a specific community or country impacts the environment. The writer explores the uses for this model, as well as summarizing the arguments against it, and concludes that the model is sound and could provide the much needed motivation to promote ecologically responsible behavior in the industrialized countries. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khecoftp.rtf

Ecological Impacts and Anthropomorphic Causes and Remedies for Acid Rain
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A 24 page overview of the environmental phenomena known as acid rain noting that this form of pollution has had a tremendous impact on the ecology of our natural areas, geologic integrity, and more anthropomorphic concerns as agriculture and construction issues. Reports on the initial discovery of acid rain in 1872 and details the progression of our knowledge on the subject. Explores the anthropomorphic causes of acid rain and its impact to the environment. Suggests that the solution to the problem is a change in our energy intensive lifestyles. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: PPacidR3.wps

Ecological Impacts of El Niρo/La Niρa
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A 5 page overview of these environmental phenomena. The author points out that these events are most often associated with deleterious impacts to ecology and human health. They can be viewed equally, however, as important evolutionary factors. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPelNino.rtf

Ecological Tax Reform
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This 3 page paper looks at how tax is used as an incentive to better and more environmentally friendly practices by both commercial enterprises, organisation as well as individuals. The way in which tax is used is discussed along with suggestions for the future. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEgrntax.wps

Ecological Warning Signs
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A 4 page research paper that discusses the significance of marine mammal deaths. The writer argues that in previous eras, miners would take canaries into the mines with them and use them as living barometers that would tell them when oxygen levels in the mines got too low for safety. It would be thought extremely foolhardy and ludicrous is miners, on seeing the canary die, had shrugged their shoulders and continued working, yet, metaphorically, as a society, we are doing the equivalent. Marine mammals, the "barometers of the sea's health" are dying, giving a dire warning to the human race that our activities are upsetting the delicate ecological balance that makes life on earth possible, yet authorities continue to ignore the implications. The writer discusses the situation and then offers possible solutions. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: khecowar.rtf

Ecological World View as a Cultural Artifact: Native American Subcultures vs. Mainstream White Americans
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An 11 page overview of ecological world view as it varied by these cultural groups. The author asserts that while there are exceptions, broad generalizations can be made in terms of this cultural artifact. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PnaEcolCultArtifact.rtf

Ecologically Viable Fishing Policies; A Economical Approach
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This 7 page paper looks at how the optimum level of harvests in the fishing can be calculated considering birth and death rates and other repopulating factors. The paper considers what is actually meant by the optimum harvest rate, and the dangers that a equilibrium harvest policy may entail. The paper includes 1 graph. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEfishpo.wps

Ecology Issues
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A 9 page research paper that explores ecology issues, such as defining and discussing environmental sustainability; defining and discussing the roles of estuaries and wetlands; and discussing the issue of coral bleaching. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khecois2.rtf

Ecology of the Coral Reefs in the Hawaiian Islands
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the ecology of the Hawaiian coral reefs. The Hawaiian Islands stretch for over 2,300 kilometers and also contain what are considered unique coral reefs because they are geologically younger than many other coral reefs, have no barrier reefs among the windward islands, and are also less diverse than many other coral reef ecosystems in the Pacific. Despite this however, the Hawaiian coral reefs ecology, divided into four zones based on the depth and distance from the shore, does have a diverse assortment of corals, plant life, invertebrates and fishes among larger species which live among the reefs. The ecology of the coral reefs in Hawaii is divided up into the reef flat zone (0-2 m from shore) which is most affected by terrestrial run-off and heavy wave impact; the reef bench zone (2-10 m) which has the largest diversity of coral, fish, invertebrate and plant species, the reef slope zone (10-30 m) in which finger coral is the dominant coral species; and the rubble zone (30-40 m) which is primarily coral fragments, rock and sand which provides a habitat for lobe and finger corals as well as sea cucumbers and an assortment of fish. Coral reefs in Hawaii provide a vast amount of revenue for the area at well over $250 million annually in the areas of commercial and recreational fishing and tourism. Like many of the coral reefs around the world however, the coral reefs in Hawaii are being damaged by a combination of natural and manmade events. Industrial, nutrient and fresh-water run-off kills the coral closest to the shore and allows for the spread of coral-killing algae after which recovery of the reef takes a great deal of time. In addition, increase in global water temperatures has led to coral bleaching which in some areas the reefs show little sign of recovery. Includes one page abstract. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJHwcor1.rtf

Economic Growth and Sustainability
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This 4 page paper looks at how economic growth can promote sustainable strategies in business. A number of scenarios and case studies are given in this concisely written paper to aid the student in the understanding of how green issues and business can be seen as coexisting with both sustainability and profitability achieved. The bibliography cites 12 sources.
Filename: TEsusdev.wps

Economics of Saving Endangered Species
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5 pages in length. In today's world where we see species being put on the endangered list on a daily basis, there are ways, albeit costly ones, that could help curtail this problem. This paper will look at what can be done to save endangered species as well as what the possible economics of such an undertaking might be. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAendan.wps

Ecosystem Management
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A 15 page paper that reports, explains and/or discusses five issues based on specific readings. The first section explores the concept that indigenous peoples have a natural harmonious relationship with the environment. Events with the Cree, the Yuracare and other Indian groups are used as examples. The second topic has to do with ecosystem management. The third section compares the positions of Pinchot and Muir and suggests what each would think about the spotted owl issue. Next is a report of the history of community forestry in the U.S. Finally, the writer discusses Chase's opinion about humans playing God, using the Yellowstone National Park as the example. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PGecos.rtf

Ecosystems: North and South
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(5 pp). As we move into a new century we become more aware of how hard we were on the planet in the last one hundred years. This discussion examines the general criteria of an ecosystem, and then illustrates what an ecosystem is, by describing one on a north facing slope, and one on a south facing slope. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBecoNSR.doc

Ecotourism and Archaeotourism: Controversy vs Objectivity
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An 8 page consideration of the negative verses positive impacts of these types of tourism. The author emphasizes that while there are obvious concerns, these concerns can be addressed with careful planning, implementation, and monitoring. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPecotourControversy.rtf

Ecotourism and Archaeotourism: Trends in U.S. Tourism
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An 11 page examination of the growing need for tourist activities which not only improve an area's economy but also serve to protect sensitive environmental areas and cultural sites. Presents statistics on U.S. tourism and dispels the societal misconceptions of ecotourism and Archaeotourism. Emphasizes these activities can have an immediate and lasting effect on our nation's varied economics and will go a long way toward carrying our precious environmental and cultural resources successfully into the next century. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPusTour.wps

Ecotourism In The Himalayas: Pros And Cons
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5 pages in length. Ecotourism in the Himalayas represents a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the social implications mean increased revenue and, correspondingly, a better way of life. With industry and other revenue-generating options nearly nonexistent, Himalayan ecotourism provides a means by which to draw in much needed economic stability. However, while ecotourism may benefit the Himalayas in a financial capacity, it does just the opposite for the fragile environment. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLChimal.wps

ECOTOURISM IN THE RAINFOREST
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This 9-page paper provides an example of how an eco-friendly hotel would operate in a Puerto Rican rainforest. Topics discussed include external activities for the guests, how the hotel should be constructed and some information on finances.
Filename: MTecorai.rtf

Ecotourism: A Promise for the Perpetuity of U.S. Habitat and Environmental and Archaeological Resources
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A 5 page discussion of the emerging phenomena of eco and archaeotourism. Defines ecotourism and outlines its evolution from its origin in primarily third world to its advent in more developed countries such as the United States. Enumerates the pros and cons of such tourism and concludes that with proper planning ecotourism can not only provide much needed revenues for the conservation of natural and archaeologically valuable areas but also protect those resources. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPecotrs.wps

Effective Ecological Volunteerism
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A 3 page research paper that first discusses the problem of global warming and then suggests a plan involving college student volunteerism that is designed to help. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khrieco.rtf

Effects Of Agriculture On The Mississippi River
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In 8 pages, the Mississippi River is discussed with special attention paid to the effects of agriculture on the river. Bibliography lists 19 sources.
Filename: Missr.wps

Egdon Heath: A Person More Than A Place
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4 pages in length. The personification of Egdon Heath originated as a means by which to describe the wholly indescribable sensation when humanity came to appreciate nature's overwhelming presence amidst his own mortal inconsequence. That Egdon Heath represents all that is wild and unencumbered makes it more of a prime manifestation of human qualities than of mere landscape. For the people who reside amidst this glorious panorama, Egdon Heath reflects the very spiritual embodiment of what man aspires to achieve during his short time on this earth. No bibliography.
Filename: TLCEgdon.rtf

Eiseley/The Unexpected Universe
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A 6 page essay that summarizes and analyzes two essays from Loren Eiseley's collection The Unexpected Universe, specifically "The Hidden Teacher" and "The Star Thrower." The writer argues that by looking at the world through Eiseley's eyes, the reader is able to recapture a sense of awe at the wonder of the natural world. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khhidstr.rtf

Electronics Industry
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This 5 page paper looks at the health of the electronics industry in today's shaky economy. The future of the industry is discussed in light of economic trends. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: ElecIn.wps