European Airport Expansion and Additions
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A 4 page discussion of airport expansion and development in Europe. Europe is experiencing a constant growth in demand for air transport. The obvious implications of this growth is the expansion of existing air services and facilities. As a consequence existing airports are being expanded and new greenfield airports constructed. Both the expansion of existing airports and the construction of greenfield airports, however, rests on several specific considerations. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPairGrn.rtf

EUROPEAN UNION AND ENVIRONMENT
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This paper examines the EU's attempts to improve its environment and reduce waste and pollution through legislation and information. Topics discussed include the Amsterdam Treaty and environmental policies. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MTeuenvi.rtf

Evolution & Environmental Perspective
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A 5 page research paper that answers three specific questions concerning attitudes toward the environment. Question 1 concerns the connection between one attitude toward evolution and beliefs on species' preservation. Question #2 discusses the stances of Rolston, Gould and Russow on species preservation. And the third question has to do with anthropocentric reasons for species preservation. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khsppre.wps

Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens
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A 10 page discussion of the mechanisms through which bacterial pathogens evolve. Bacterial pathogens evolve in reference to a number of factors. These are both natural factors and manmade factors. Bacterial evolution in response to antibiotics is one example of this relationship. This evolution occurs both clinically and in areas such as uncontained landfills that have been the recipient of hospital wastes. Once bacteria evolve to reflect a resistance to antibodies they retain that evolutionary feature. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPpathog.rtf

Evolutionary Wonders: Examples from the Plant and Animal Kingdoms
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A 7 page overview of the marvels of evolution as reflected in six very different representatives of the plant and animal kingdom. This paper notes the lessons mankind might learn from birds, insects, and even the lowly parasitic worms as well as food crops such as corn, medicinal plants such as foxglove, and ornamentals such as the exotic water hyacinth. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPbioFav.rtf

Exotic and Invasive Plants
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A 10 page discussion of the attributes of certain plants which give them an advantage over other plants. This paper notes the deleterious impacts on biodiversity which are associated with the arrival of exotics. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: PPplntEx.rtf

Famine Theories
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This 3 page paper considers the aspect of famine and looks at the different theories that have sought to examine what starvation occurs and the way that it should be handled. The paper includes the theories of Malthus, Sen and de Waal. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEfamine.rtf

Far Tortuga.
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(5 pp) Although this initially appears as an adventure story, anyone who knows Peter Matthiessen's work will be ready for much more, and view the sparse writing and revelation through dialog, as rhythmic as the sea itself. Far Tortuga (1975), like his other works, is distinguished by a love of nature, and an urgent concern that the elemental harmony between man and nature is in great jeopardy, as well as the belief in the cyclic process of the universe.
Filename: BBtortug.rtf

Farm Preservation in Pennsylvania
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This 10 page paper provides a look at farm preservation and how Pennsylvania has fared. Solutions for communities are proposed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA117Pa.doc

Farming in Orange County, New York
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This 3 page paper examines the farming situation and how it has affected the economy. Some statistics are included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA515OC.rtf

FARMLAND AND SECONDARY SUCCESSION
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This 3-page paper focuses on secondary succession as it pertains to farmland, abiotic and biotic components and the natural ecological progression. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTfarsuc.rtf

Federalism in Regards to the Watershed Issues in the United States
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This is a 5 page paper discussing federalism in regards to watershed and water system deterioration in the U.S. Geoffrey O’Gara’s book “What You See in Clear Water: Life on the Wind River Reservation” touches on a local watershed issue which has seen the involvement of local, state and federal authorities and agencies which has not led to the betterment of the water system. The Native Americans in Wyoming near the Wind River want to reclaim the watershed rights in order to reclaim and revitalize the water system. The state however wants to maintain control of the water system. This is one example of state and federal mismanagement across the United States which has seen a massive depletion in the fauna in the water systems and almost half of the rivers and lakes in the country considered threatened by the Environmental Protection Agency. Federalism has retained control over the water system mainly because of the factors which have endangered the systems such as agriculture, industry, grazing and urbanization are all considered “better” for the economy of the nation. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJOGara1.rtf

Feeding response in crosses between geographical races of the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans: A Critique of the Article by Stevan J. Arnold
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A 5 page review of this article exploring the geographic variance of food preference. Arnold’s article represents one of just a few studies which have explored geographic variation from a behavioral standpoint. Arnold chose to investigate the slug-eating behavior which typifies garter snake populations in mollusk-rich environments, asserting that his study “represents the most thorough documentation of geographic variation in behavior in the vertebrate literature”. Arnold crosses individuals from inland and coastal populations of garter snakes to test the food preference of the first generation offspring. He concludes that there is no perfect intermediacy in regard to the feeding preferences tested. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPgarter.rtf

FEMA
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6 pages in length. FEMA - The Federal Emergency Management Agency – is an organization instrumental in piecing people's lives back together after a disastrous event. From hurricanes to floods, fires to earthquakes and every other natural disaster in between, FEMA's sole objective is to restore some semblance of normalcy to individuals and communities by providing emergency aid in the form of food, clothing, shelter and other basic necessities. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLC_FEMA.rtf

Fighting for the Environment
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This 5 page paper discusses multiple aspects of three conservation organizations: Greenpeace, The Sierra Club and The Nature Conservancy. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: HVConsrv.rtf

Fikret Berkes' "Traditional Ecological Knowledge In Perspective": Critical Review
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5 pages in length. Culturally differing attitudes toward the concept of nature and environment significantly impact upon ideas of human existence as they relate to knowledge, inasmuch as there is no way to escape the influence that nature has upon virtually every aspect of life. Fikret Berkes' "Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Perspective" acknowledges the fact that typically, cultural elements represent the primary differences that exist between and among various peoples and the manner by which they interact with the environment around them, for the reason that culture stands as the dictating force behind issues associated with nature. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCEcolT.rtf

Film Analysis / Silkwood
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In this 4 page report, the writer finds that Silkwood -- the biographical account of a plutonium plant worker who died mysteriously in an auto crash as she was about to expose nuclear safety violations-- shies away from taking a definitive stand on who precisely was responsible for the institutional negligence at the plant and ultimately, for Karen Silkwood's death. The writer also feels that the film is clearly slanted toward the positions of labor and the environmental-protection movement yet never tells us who was guilty. No Bibliography.
Filename: Silkwood.wps

Florida Beach Erosion
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A 6 page research paper that examines the erosion of Florida's beaches, how it occurs and what is being done to offset it. The writer argues that while officials, on the local, state and national level, are concerned about this problem, an examination of the forces behind beach erosion demonstrates that there is only so much that technology can do. In the final evaluation, humanity still is at the mercy of nature concerning this issue and can only hope to offset, rather then alter, the forces that cause beach erosion. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: khflobe.wps

Forest Management
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The belief that the bounty of nature can be reaped in a controlled manner is an ideal known as 'sustainable use'. Sustainable use is not some fringe idea, but rather the central organizing principle for global environmental policy, a concept refined over two decades at international conferences. It is often paired with 'sustainable development', or the notion that economic development, if carried out in a careful manner, can proceed without exhausting the natural resources needed by future generations. This is a 7 page paper that looks at sustainable use of forests, specifically in the philosophy of the National Forest Service, the BLM and the private commercial sector. It also looks at non-federal public land use. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Susfores.wps

Forestry Conservation and Reforestation
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A 9 page review of the many considerations that go into forestry management. This paper emphasizes the importance of conservation, noting that it practically impossible to restore a clear cut forest to its original ecological complexity. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPenvReforestation.rtf

Forestry in Alabama's Lawrence and Perry Counties
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This 7 page paper provides an overview of forestry and farming in Alabama with a focus on the forest industry in two of the state's counties. Demographic information is provided for the counties and for the state as well. The paper is replete with statistical information. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA235Ala.rtf

Formation Of Crawford Lake, Ontario
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5 pages in length. Considered rare in relation to conventional lake formations, the natural creation of Crawford Lake occurred as the direct result of a deep crack found in the Niagara Escarpment. This fissure, cavernous enough to prevent any sunlight from reaching the bottom water and, thereby, rendering it extremely cold, keeps the top and bottom water layers separated to such an extent that they never mix, scientifically called meromictic. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCCrawLake.rtf

Fossil Fuel Reduction (Debate Format)
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This 6 page paper presents evidence regarding fossil fuel reduction on a variety of fronts. Positive and negative aspects of the constructive are relayed. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: SA517ff.rtf

FOSSIL FUELS
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This 9 page paper discusses the use and abuse of fossil fuels, the processes in extracting, the future and the pros/cons of fossil fuels. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MBfuel.rtf

Fred Bodsworth's The Last of the Curlews / A Review
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A 4 page review of Fred Bodsworth's 'The Last of the Curlews,' recently republished after its initial publication over 40 years ago. Tells the story of the extinction of a species and recounts mankind's many wrongs. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Curlew.wps

Free Markets and Sustainability
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A 3 page paper discussing some of the characteristics of the free market and how they contribute to sustainable production. Likely the free market characteristic that is singly most conducive to promoting sustainability is creativity and seeking innovation. Consumers are sovereign; supply and demand determines price. Continuous improvement is necessary for increased profitability. The paper uses a Swedish office building, the Nike boycott and commercial fishing as examples. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSeconFreeMktSus.rtf

Frumkin, Environmental Health, Chaps. 14-18
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A 5 page paper that summarizes 5 chapters from the textbook Environmental Health, edited by Howard Frumkin (2005). The main points of these chapters are summarized and the paper shows how each chapters relates to environmental health. Bibliography lists 5 sources, but all 5 references are from this textbook.
Filename: khfr1418.rtf

Frumkin/Environmental Health, chaps 24-27
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A 4 page paper that briefly summarizes the contents from 4 chapters in Environmental Health, From Global to Local, edited by Howard Frumkin. Chapters 24-27 are summarized. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khfr2427.rtf

Fuel Cell Technology
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A 22 page paper that provides a comprehensive overview of fuel cell technology. Discussion includes: an introduction to fuel cells, what they are, how they work and the types of fuel cells in research; applications for fuel cell technology, including those that are already in use; fuel cell-powered motor vehicles and what the progress is in this industry, including manufacturers who have already introduced fuel cell-powered cars and the forecasts for the near future; issues concerning hydrogen; problems and disadvantages with fuel cells and a conclusion. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGfuelcl.rtf

Future Water Shortages?
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A 6 page consideration of the question of whether the world will suffer from future water shortages. This paper analyzes two opposing views on the subject. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPenvWtrShort.rtf

Garbage Disposal and the Environment
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4 pages on contemporary problems relevant to garbage disposal. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Various processes and their cost-effectiveness are examined.
Filename: Garbcomp.wps

Gas Prices
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A 4 page paper which discusses the government’s role in the rise of gas prices. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAgasprc.rtf

Gender And The Environment
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5 pages in length. As with most things that require forethought and nurturing, it can readily be argued how women are better at managing the environment than their male counterparts. Men, by nature, are inherently impulsive when it comes to attaining the bottom line of most any objective, a knee-jerk reaction that often culminates in a whole host of unforeseen and unplanned consequences. Women, by contrast, have the innate ability to project well beyond the present in order to speculate what might occur from actions carried out in haste. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCGndrEnv.rtf

General Electric Corporation and Environmental Responsibility
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8 pages. While a first-time environmental offender might be under the guise of misunderstanding or misinterpretation, a repeat offender such as the General Electric Corporation has no excuse whatsoever for the toxic waste the corporation produces. When corporations repeatedly break the rules regarding environmental protection, it says in a very loud voice that they care more about their bottom line than they do about preserving the future of the earth. General Electric owns a large group of industries including everything from broadcasting to power plant parts manufacturing. It also is responsible for some deadly environmental impact. This paper delves into General Electric and their responsibility towards our environment. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JGAgenel.wps

Genetic Engineering and the World’s Agricultural Processes
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This 5 page report presents an argumentative discussion that is opposed to genetic engineering of the plants and animals that make up the food chain for human beings. A great deal of the controversy regarding genetic engineering and agriculture revolves around the fact that people believe that adding chemicals to the food supply, using radiation to insure a longer shelf life for products, or introducing various growth hormones and stimulants to the animals and plants in human beings’ food chain is a bad idea. The media, elected officials, marketing consortiums, and others are all determined to discover why consumers would think such a thing. Ironically, the reason is relatively simple . . . it is a bad idea. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWgeneng.wps

Genetic Engineering of Food Crops: Demographic, Geographic, Economic, and Environmental Impacts
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A 6 page assessment of the potential negative impacts of genetic engineering as it is applied towards food crops. The author contends our production of genetically engineered crops will ultimately impact not just our population but the world population as a whole. Furthermore, this production has a high likelihood of ultimately causing pollution, endangering animals, and resulting in the extinction of certain plants and crops. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPgenCrp.rtf

Genetic Engineering; Boon or Bane
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This 5 page paper looks at the facts surrounding the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering and genetically modified crops. The issues of pest and virus control are examined and the emphasis is on the positive aspects of this new science. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEgeneng.wps

Genetically Engineered Foods: Process, Controversy and Environmental Concerns
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This is a 9 page paper discussing genetic engineering in food. Genetic engineering (GE) or biotechnology in food involves the process of inserting genetic material into plant or animal breeds in the hopes to develop certain positive characteristics within that breed; characteristics which may have previously taken generations to propagate in the breed. In addition to accelerating the breeding of certain characteristics in plants and animals, GE also involves the introduction of new genetic material within breeds in the hopes for developing new characteristics in breeds. Genetic engineering in food mainly involves the processes of disease and pest resistance in addition to increasing yield. While GE in food may appear to be a positive step toward increasing food yield and decreasing loss of breeds to disease which perhaps could be extended to decreasing world hunger and increasing farmers’ productivity, the manufacturing of genetically engineered food has come under a great deal of controversy. One of the major areas of concern is the “release” of new crops into the environment which have not been tested and little is known of the long term effects of any of the GE crops. Another area of concern is that larger corporations retain the patents on the GE processes which does not allow for the introduction of these processes on a global basis. GE foods have become very expensive and their manufacturing is restricted to a relatively few large corporations and countries in which profit seems to have become the major incentive for the production of GE foods. Lastly, many of the same companies which produce GE pesticide resistant crops are the same companies which also produce pesticides bringing into question the motivation and type of development of GE foods. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJgenfd1.rtf

Genetically Modified Food Report
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This 17 page paper is written in the form of a report in three parts. The first paper considers what is meant by the term genetically modified food and the general concerns and research. The second part of the paper considers the implications of genetic modifications for nutrient values of food. The last part of the paper answers some frequently asked questions. The paper is written as a report for a school board looking to develop a policy on using genetically modified foods in the school. The bibliography cites 19 sources.
Filename: TEGMFood.rtf

Geotextiles
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14 pages in length. Geotextiles play an integral role in the manner by which society works harmoniously with the ground's inherent characteristics. That a multitude of situations arise where geotextiles are utilized in order to maintain the earth's integrity speaks to the nature of upholding its fundamental composition while at the same time making it workable for man's ongoing needs. The writer discusses soil erosion control, roadwork and landfills as they relate to geotextiles use. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCGeoTx.rtf

Geothermal Energy
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A 3 page review of this energy option. This paper explores geothermal energy from a large scale perspective as well as from the perspective of the individual home owner who elects to use geothermal heat pumps in their home’s heating and cooling system. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPgeothermal.rtf

Getting Clean Water to People in a Natural Disaster
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This 10 page report discusses natural disasters and how emergency management agencies and systems, whether public or private have to work in cooperation to assure the best measures of health and safety for the general public, especially in terms of getting sanitary drinking water to the public. In addition, the media role is discussed, as is the example that was presented by the flooding situation in Des Moines, Iowa, in the early 1990s. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWdisH2O.rtf

Gibbons, Whit & Anne R. - 'Ecoviews: Snakes, Snails, and Environmental Tales'
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This 4 page report discusses 'Ecoviews: Snakes, Snails, and Environmental Tales,' an enthusiastic treatise about protecting the earth's biodiversity. The book is unique in its focus on the American Southeast, a region too often neglected in articles or books addressing environmental issues. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWeviews.rtf

Glen Canyon Dam
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A 3 page paper which examines the environmental conditions of Glen Canyon Dam before and after its mention in the book “the Moneky Wrench Gang” by Edward Abbey. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAmnkdm.rtf

Global Environmental Politics: Civil Disobedience versus Eco-Sabotage/Eco-Terrorism
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This is an 8 page paper discussing civil disobedience versus eco-sabotage in regards to environmental concerns. Within the last decade global citizens have been increasingly concerned with environmental issues. As a result incidents of civil disobedience and eco-sabotage have also increased but with profoundly different results. Events of civil disobedience in regards to environmental concerns have promoted peaceful solutions to environmental issues in addition to promoting the value of free speech, opinions and debates which have been traditional values based on moral rights. Because of the emphasis on peaceful solutions and moral rights and values, those involved in incidents of civil disobedience have gained the support of celebrities, politicians and most importantly, the public in their causes. Eco-sabotage or eco-terrorism on the other hand has a regressive effect on the cause at hand. A recent increase in eco-terrorism has led to an increased fear in the research communities and society on a global scale. This increased concern of eco-terrorism has led to increased legislation and punishments for those who practice eco-terrorism which has often resulted in near fatalities and millions of dollars in damage. The violent focus of eco-sabotage has led to a negative association by politicians and the public thereby negating any gains which were pursued by the eco-terrorists. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJgleco1.rtf