Nelson's The Island Within
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Richard Nelson's journal of a journey, The Island Within, provides a perspective that is at once aligned with the humanist view of nature and the practical aspects of survival. This 5 page paper examines the theme of the book: that humans are able to live in spiritual and physical harmony with nature. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KTislwtn.wps

New England Fisheries
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The people of New England take their fishing very seriously. They have to - for generations it has been their livelihood, their sport and their hobby. Fishing off the shores of New England began in 1497, with the voyage of John Cabot. The first piece of technology to make an impact on the fish population off of New England was the steamer engine. In 1914, the U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries appointed a committee to investigate what damage the otter trawl might do to fish stocks. The committee reported that the new technology was already causing a decline of fish in the North Sea. This 5 page paper asserts that there is still time to halt the destruction of the ecosystem that has defined the New England coast for as long as people have been there to notice. There is time to stop the decimation of the fish population by instigating measures that will reduce the fishing Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KTnefish.wps

New Jersey Brownfields & Site Remediation Act
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An 8 page overview of the New Jersey Brownfields and Site Remediation Act, its history, intent, liability, incentives and limitations. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Njbrownf.wps

NGO Ethics and Accountability
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A 15 page paper focusing on the accountability of NGO (non-governmental organizations) activity and the ethical base on which it is founded to inform actions that NGOs take in developing nations. NGOs must be held accountable not only for their specific actions, but also for the ethics underlying those actions. Investors need to reward public NGOs with support in the stock market rather than abandon those not posting consistently positive quarterly results. Greater transparency and commitment to the TBL (triple bottom line) model can assist in educating investors and NGOs, as can assessment of possible alternatives on a “what if” basis. The cost of avoidance of damage nearly always is less than its repair. The paper uses the philosophy of Kant and Mill; cost-benefit analysis; and real-world examples in support of its conclusions. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KSintlNGOacctTBL.rtf

Niokolo-Koba National Park: Ecological Preservation
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7 pages in length. To say Senegal's Niokolo-Koba National Park is teeming with wildlife would almost be an understatement considering the vast numbers of species who call this protected land home. However, the word "protected" is used very loosely in this case because of how illegal poaching is threatening the very existence of these myriad animals. Coupled with drought and a proposed dam that will interrupt the flooding necessary for a variety of vegetation that feeds and houses dozens of different species. The elephant - clearly magnificent in his gentle thunder - is on the verge of distinction from the national park along with the lion, leopard and giant derby eland, a catastrophic situation currently being addressed at a feverish pace. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCniokolo.rtf

No Mystery to Ecological Demise: A Comment on “Lament for an Ocean: A True Crime Story” by Michael Harris and “Tracking the Vanishing Frogs” by Kathryn Phillips
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A 7 page discussion of the many environmental perils which we are facing. Emphasizes that these perils are far from mysterious, as the titles of these two books might imply, but rather revolve two common factors of greed and overpopulation. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPenvBks.rtf

Noise Monitoring System
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This 5 page paper examines a noise monitoring system and then assesses its technical efficiency. The paper uses an airport as an example, with the measurement of aircraft noises, looks at how the data and what it is used for as well as the reliability before considering potential weaknesses of the system. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEnoisemon.rtf

Nomadism and sedentarisation policies
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A ten page paper which looks at nomadism in various regions, and the impact which sedentarisation policies have had on the nomadic way of life, especially in respect of environmental and economic issues. The writer concludes that whereas voluntary sedentarisation has on the whole been successful, forced settlement has had a negative impact on both the environment and on the socio-economic systems of the regions concerned. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLnomad.rtf

Nonpoint Pollution: Insufficient Regulation
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An 11 page discussion of the contribution of nonpoint pollution to the degradation of the world's waterbodies. Identifies nonpoint pollution sources and distinguishes them from point source pollution. Identifies primary nonpoint pollutants and outlines their impact on the environment. Suggests that while the environmental regulations for point source pollution have improved considerably over the past three decades, the regulations for nonpoint pollution are insufficient. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPnonpnt.wps

Nuclear Energy - A Viable Alternative
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A 10 page paper that begins with an introduction in which the writer comments on the need and desire for inexpensive energy and also explains the Kyoto Protocol. The essay then provides a brief explanation of the general operation of a nuclear power plant, the number of plants in the world, the two major accidents at nuclear reactor sites. Safety measures that are in place are explained followed by a short discussion on nuclear waste and cooling and disposal process. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PGnucpw.rtf

Nuclear Energy / What is it Costing Us ?
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A 16 page research paper on nuclear energy and the price that we pay to have it. An historic overview of our decision to implement nuclear power is complemented by a thorough analysis of the worldwide confusion over its "pros" and "cons." While there do indeed exist merits to using this form of energy, the inherent risks and dangers far outweigh any degree of perceived necessity. The final sections of the report, therefore, discuss viable alternatives to nuclear power and how we can "market" them to be used successfully around the world. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Nukeeneg.wps

Nuclear Power: An Environmental Necessity
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A 5 page assessment of nuclear power as a feasible environmental option. This paper argues for nuclear power and discounts the controversy over whether or not it contributes to greenhouse gases. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnuclearPower.rtf

Nuclear Waste Contamination of the Earth’s Oceans
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This is a 4 page paper which discusses the causes, consequences and concerns of the dumping of radioactive waste into the Earth's oceans. The bibliography has 5 sources.
Filename: JHNucl.rtf

Occupational Asthma
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10 pages in length. One of the most important discoveries of late is that of workplace influence when it comes to asthma attacks. Experts address the reasons why the office may be one of the most hazardous places to be for an asthmatic, inasmuch as two to fifteen percent of all new asthma cases are the direct result of occupational irritants. The lungs are attacked on a regular basis in the workplace setting from 240 reactive chemicals or natural proteins. In order to combat this assault, businesses are urged to 1) assess the workplace and 2) address and eliminate the causative agent(s). Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: TLCOccAs.wps

Occupational Hygiene: Developing a Monitoring Strategy for Personal Exposure to Hazardous Materials
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A 10 page discussion of the many considerations which are inherent in occupational hygiene. Emphasizes that occupational hygiene is a multifaceted field. It is a field which involves not only a thorough understanding of facility operations and layout but also an understanding of the contaminants and their mechanism for exposure. Includes a brief outline of the characteristics of particulate, carbon monoxide, and radon contamination. Concludes that occupational hygiene requires much more than simple ambient monitoring for contaminants, it involves planning in regard to employee movement, personal monitoring devices and protective equipment, and medical evaluation. The occupational hygienist must be capable of assessing the workplace, devising effective monitoring and safety programs, and implementing each if worker safety is to be assured. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPhzrdEx.wps

Ocean Bottom Blizzards - The Nature of Benthic Storms
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A 7-page paper that defines the undersea disturbances known as benthic storms and examines the causes and effects of these disturbances. Included is a discussion of the components of the sediment existing in the benthic zone and how these components are suspended and transported by way of the undersea currents that create and push benthic storms. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: LCStorms.doc

Ocean Currents and the Overlying Atmospheric Circulation System
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A 5 page discussion of the relationship between ocean currents and the overlying atmospheric circulation system. Both ocean circulation systems and atmospheric systems have definitive patterns which are comparable in their nature and both function in much the same way in regard to the manner which they move through the world. The author discusses the causes and effects of this interrelationship, noting important phenomena like hurricanes and the ability of the world’s currents to transport not only sedimentary material but man himself. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPoceanC.rtf

Oil Production in the United States
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5 pages in length. In considering oil production in the United States it is best to first focus on the five e's. Those are: efficiency, evolution, extent, economics, and environment. By considering each of these topics there is a well-rounded picture of the United States oil production, and this paper will discuss each of these. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAoilpr.wps

Oleaceae: The Olive Family
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A 4 page botanical description of this highly diverse family. The author describes several genera and specific species, paying particular attention to taxonomic characteristics. The invasiveness of Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) is explored in relation to its taxonomic characteristics. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPoliveF.rtf

Options for Trash Removal
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This 5 page paper looks at three options for removing trash from an estate; to add more dumpsters, to add trash removal as an apartment amenity and to outsource a door to door trash collection service. The paper looks at each option and outlines some potential costs associated with each solution. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEtrash1.rtf

ORGANIC FOODS – AN OVERVIEW
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This 6 page paper focuses on organic foods, their definition and whether they are better or more nutritious than their conventionally-grown counterparts. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MTorgfoo.rtf

Organization Formation And The EPA
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6 pages in length. As an example of the social regulation managed by bureaucracy, Terry Moe's article entitled 'The Politics of Bureaucratic Structure' provides an overview of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCEPAOrgFrm.rtf

Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
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A 12 page overview of the species, its characteristics, and its ecological niche. This paper emphasizes that not only is the species attractive enough to make it one of the more desirable landscaping plants, it has been used throughout history for purposes as diverse as bow and arrow construction, to use as living fence poles, to phytoremediation. While the species is native to North America, it is not native to all regions of North America even though it has been introduced there. Ironically the same qualities which made it desirable for various anthropomorphic interests have resulted in the plant being spread into areas in which it is now considered an invasive exotic. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: PPosageO.rtf

Our Evolving Concept of the "Picturesque" Landscape
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A 3 page consideration of how our concept of man's impact on the environment has changed over time. The author reviews the literature to support the contention that, as Robert Smithson contends in his discussion of "Frederick Law Olmsted and the Dialectical Landscape", the concept of "picturesque" is indeed a material one and one that has been in place since ancient times. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPenvPct.rtf

Our Undervalued Water Resources
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A 4 page contention that while water is arguably our most valuable resource we typically are not cognizant of that value. Overdevelopment is a tremendous treat to this resource. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPenvWaterValue.rtf

Overfishing, Sharks, and Biodiversity
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An 8 page overview of the impacts of overfishing on sharks and other species, some of which might not be immediately obvious as to their relation with the shark. Emphasizes that our oceans are fascinating testaments to the complexity and interrelationships of living organisms, that they are comprised of a number of interrelated components, each with its own ecological value. Details possible impacts to both open water diversity and coral reef biodiversity as a result of the overfishing of sharks. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPshark.wps

Overfishing: A Worldwide Concern
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A 9 page discussion of the problems of overfishing. Details the decline of the northwest salmon fishery and compares this decline with that of other fisheries around the world. Emphasizes that the factors behind these declines are often comparable to the phenomena of a “tragedy of the commons” in which greed and concern only for one’s own interest results in environmental destruction at the expense of the masses. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPsalmn2.rtf

Overpopulation
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This 7 page paper discusses overpopulation and its relationship to sustainable resources. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: HVOvrPop.rtf

Overpopulation
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There are now more than six billion people residing on the planet earth. This 8 page paper provides a tutorial for the student wishing to address the effects of overpopulation on a global as well as an individual level. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KTovrpop.wps

Overpopulation and the Australian Lifestyle
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This 4 page paper argues that the Australian lifestyle cannot continue to exist if the world population soars to 9 billion. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVOvrAus.rtf

Overspending Ecological Resources and Its Consequences
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This 10 page report discusses the fact that the overspending of ecological resources is having far-reaching economic, ecological and social consequences. Such "overspending" is discussed in terms of agriculture, water use, and air pollution and how all of those areas are related to larger ecological concerns. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: BWospend.rtf

Ozone Depletion – Is it Getting Hot or is it Just Me?
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This 7-page essay details the current status of our planet’s ozone layer, and what the ramifications will be if we do not negate its current rate of depletion. Not just another issue that environmentalists wax philosophic about – if left unabated -- we will all have more to worry about than just the heat. Bibliography lists 7 sources. SNOzone1.doc
Filename: SNOzone1.doc

Ozone Depletion And Global Warming
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6 pages in length. As the planet exists today, future generations will suffer from an overabundance of ozone layer depletion as the hole continues to widen. Inasmuch as Mars has no ozone layer by which to protect its surface, the temperatures are certainly unbearable for any life form, much less mankind; if Earth's atmosphere ultimately mirrors that of Mars, the human race will be but a memory. In essence, future generations have been given a ticking time bomb that appears to have a long fuse but is shortening faster and faster with each passing day. True, such concerns as the aerosol can were addressed prior to the new millennium, having been removed from the market because of its detrimental influence upon the ozone layer in particular and the atmosphere in general; yet, like so many other efforts that have been approached over the past several decades, it might have come far too late in the overall quest for a quick fix. Not only has the ozone layer already been significantly depleted, but also what is not being damaged by the greenhouse effect is being burned by acid rain. However, there is an opposing voice to such allegations that claims mankind does not have the capabilities to determine such enormous calculations regarding global warming. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCozglb.rtf

Ozone Layer Depletion
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A 6 page paper defining the ozone layer, its importance to life on Earth and the mechanisms by which it is depleted. Given that ozone (O3) is a naturally-occurring substance in the Earth’s atmosphere, the debate surrounding whether it is increasing or decreasing superficially seems to be little more than an academic exercise, or alternatively something for militant environmentalists to champion. It is continually created and destroyed by sunlight, effectively absorbing most UV radiation and preventing it from reaching Earth’s surface. Other free radicals, particularly chlorine, disrupt this creation and destruction process, preventing the formation of more ozone after UV light has destroyed it. The paper discusses the hole over Antarctica, the role of CFCs in depleting the ozone layer and positive signs that are beginning to appear more than a decade after developed nations reduced their use of CFCs. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: KSozoneDeplet.rtf

PACIFIC NORTHWEST
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This 12 page paper(with annotated Bibliography) details the plight of the Pacific Northwest Salmon and the industry. The impact that the declining numbers have had on the industry, the people, and the culture are examined. Quotes, examples, figures, given, as well as restoration efforts and the effectiveness of said efforts. Bibliography lists 18 sources.
Filename: MBsalmon.rtf

Pacific Northwest Rain Forests
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4 pages in length. The writer discusses climate, plant/animal species of and threats to the Pacific Northwest rain forests. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCpacrn.wps

Paleoclimatology
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A 3 page research paper that, first of all, defines paleoclimatology and discusses what is meant by paleo proxy data. Then the writer includes a brief chart of the sources found on the topic of iron fertilization, which is a scheme proposed to “fix” global warming by inducing ocean plankton blooms by seeding the ocean with iron. These sources are then summarized and the topic briefly discussed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khpaleo.rtf

Paper and Pulp Mills: Impacts to Public Health and the Environment
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A 5 page contention that pulp and paper mills are a double-edged sword for some of the areas of the nation where they are located. On the one hand, they provide much-needed jobs and infrastructural development. On the other hand, the industrial process utilized by these mills can be harmful to both people and the environment. This paper reviews some of the pollutants that are associated with these mills and the impacts they can have on public health and the environment. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPenvPpr.rtf

Paper Bags
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A 4 page paper, with outline, which argues, persuasively, that paper bags are better for the environment than plastic bags. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RApaperb.rtf

Pasture Management
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A 14 page discussion of modern pasture management practices. The importance of soil structure is emphasized as are age-old management practices such as fertilization, liming, terracing and more modern developments such as the utilization of pheromones to control pest species. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPpastur.rtf

Patrick Geddes
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A 6 page paper that describes the views and philosophy of Patrick Geddes, the environmentalist turned city planner who demonstrated his concerns for natural features within urbanization. Geddes demonstrated a means by which cities could revitalize utilizing environmental concerns as their basis. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Geddes.wps

PATRICK'S MARSH WREN AND CONSERVATION ANALYSIS
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This 5-page paper provides an argument for preventing the building of a dike through Philip Creek, a site where the Patrick's Marsh Wren nests and breeds.
Filename: MTmarswren.rtf

Peach Orchards in the United States
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This 6 page paper addresses the difficulty of peach farming. The importance of bees in peach farming is discussed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA748Pea.rtf

Peoria and Water
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A 3 page research paper that looks specifically at the water system in Peoria, Illinois and how it has been deprivatized. However, the writer also discusses broader issues that affect the American water supply. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khpeowat.rtf

Persistent Contamination in the Food Chain
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A 2 page paper providing a graphical representation of where contaminants such as DDT enter the food chain, illustrating the relation between plants, animals and humans. The graphic was inspired by Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring." Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSenvDDTcarson.rtf