Witch Hunts During the Puritan Period in American Colonies Analyzed
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This 6 page research paper examines the origins of the witch hunts which took place in the Puritan New England colony in the late-seventeenth century. Specifically considered are the background of the Puritan religion, the underlying causes of the young girls' 'bewitching behavior,' and the role prejudice played during the witch hunts. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Witches.doc

Why Accusations Of Witchcraft Occurred In Colonial New England
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5 pages in length. For contemporary society, it seems a bit difficult to believe some of what transpired in centuries gone by. One such memorable flicker on America's timeline is that of the witch hunts of colonial New England. Men, women and even children, who were branded worshippers of Satan and witchcraft, were deemed a horrid threat to society; in an attempt to rid the town of their presence, presumed devotees of the devil were put to death. Why was this the case when there was little if any proof of this being the truth? There were a great many reasons, but none so powerful as the threat of female independence had at that time. The writer discusses why the fear of women's emancipation was the foremost reason for the colonial New England witch hunts. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Wichcrft.doc

How Was Witchcraft An Attempt to Create Political Order in Salem
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An 8 page paper discussing the premise that the outbreak of witchcraft in 17th century Salem, Massachusetts, was actually an attempt to create political order. The writer also briefly outlines the means by which the witch trials served to preserve the psychological order of Salem Village. Bibliography lists seven sources.
Filename: Salem2.wps

Common Sense; A Pamphlet by Thomas Paine
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This seven page paper examines the pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 which condemned the rule of Britain over its' colony. The imagery is strong and the language plain which added to its' popularity. This book, which sold about half a million by the end of 1776 is discussed and illustrated with direct quotes. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEtpaine.rtf

Perspectives on Individual Liberty in the Models of Democracy,Liberalism, Socialism, and Anarchy
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This 5 page report discusses various social or governmental models in the context of their attitudes regard individual liberty. Particular attention is paid to the thinking of Edmund Burke and the ways in which he ultimately influenced the most basic aspects of conservatism. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWlibtry.wps

Colonization, Servitude, and Slavery: Differences in French and Spanish Approaches
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An eight page comparison of English and Spanish colonization of the Americas. Identifies the geographic range of each and the differences between the two countries in regard to issues like dealing with Native Americans, indentured servitude and slavery. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPcolES.rtf

Causes of the Salem Witch Trials
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A 5 page essay on how causes behind the Salem Witch Trials can be traced to Puritanism and the Protestant Reformation. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Strial.wps

The Impact of Protestantism & Puritanism after the Reformation
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A 10 page research paper that examines how Protestantism radically altered English society and gave the world a new paradigm by which to judge spiritual matters. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Protinf.wps

How History Might Be Changed if The Mayflower Landed in Jamestown
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A 4 page paper that speculates how the issue of slavery might have been different had the Puritan influence been over the plantations of the south. Included is a comparison of the type of people who colonized Jamestown and the type who colonized New England. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: LCJTown.doc

Puritans & The Quest For Religious Freedom In America
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5 pages in length. Like so many other groups who sought a better life, the Puritans created a new existence in America different from what they had known in England. The year was 1620 when the Puritans, an assembly of religious Pilgrims who were persecuted for their beliefs, made their way to the United States in an effort to separate themselves from religious oppression. Their goal was to find a land where they were free to practice their beliefs without the constant torment, and America was just the place for which they were searching. However, when they arrived, they turned into the very element of persecution from which they escaped; not only did they segregated their religion, but they also refused to allow other groups attain the same religious freedom they, too, had so badly sought. The writer discusses the double standard of religious freedom and the Puritans. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Purquest.wps

Puritans Migration To New World
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A 9 page paper that explores the influence of the Puritan migration on America. The writer explains the beliefs of the Puritans, their factions, and the reasons they left England. They had a dramatic influence on the New World, one that is not completely positive. That influence is evident even today. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGpurt.wps

William Bradford & The Pilgrim Separatist Movement
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A 5 page paper discussing the background of those who sailed over to the 'New World' on the Mayflower. After a discussion of the difference between Separatists (Pilgrims) and Puritans, the paper analyzes Bradford's role in the history of the Plymouth Colony. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Wbradford.doc

Causes & Consequences of Native American Migration
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A 5 page overview of the pre-Columbian history of the people we call Native Americans. Includes possible reasons for their migration to the Americas and describes the complex evolution that resulted in many diverse cultures. Describes the division between the cultural regions separated by the Rio Grande river and differences that existed between the governmental organization of Aztec and Inca. Concludes with a summary of the decimation Native Americans experienced upon contact with European cultures. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Namigrat.wps

Erich M. Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front
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This 5 page paper considers the role of chance in the novel, based on Remarque’s notion that chance rules a soldier’s life. This paper also relates the way in which the novel was received at the time of publication in 1929 and also considers the conceptual elements of the work as they relate to the notion of chance. Bibliography lists 8 additional sources.
Filename: mhallsq

John Steinbeck's 'The Pearl' vs. William Bradford's 'Of Plymouth Plantation'
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A 5 page paper comparing and contrasting William Bradford's 1650 work with John Steinbeck's 1945 one. The writer concludes that what pulled the Pilgrim community through its evil times, even more than their God, was the strength they derived from each other and the faith they shared. In embracing capitalism, Steinbeck's protagonist turns his back on his culture, and thus on a big part of himself. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Pearlpl.wps

Jacques Marquette and his Explorations
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In 5 pages, the author discusses Jacques Marquette and his explorations. For New France, Father Jacques Marquette explored regions from Quebec toward the Gulf of Mexico through Michigan, Wisconsin, and Missouri along many rivers to include the mighty Mississippi, which have become important areas in the history of this nation as well as significant trade routes, and religious missions because Father Jacques Marquette was a Jesuit missionary. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PCjacm.doc

Native American Religion and Social Structure
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5 pages in length. Native American culture revolves around spirituality and religion; therefore, it is not surprising to find that their strong religious beliefs had a great influence upon how their social structure was established. Incorporating concepts of holy associations, as well as that of political intervention, Native American social structure was substantially intertwined with religious and political principles as a means by which to avow everlasting devotion to the spiritual forces. The writer discusses how religion is the basis of Native American social structure. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCnativ.doc

Native American Views Of Columbus
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A 3 page paper that discusses not only the genocide of indigenous peoples instigated by Columbus on his voyages, but also that it engendered the same policy in Euro-American societies. The paper presents the viewpoint presented in a 1996 position paper on Columbus and the fallacy of idolizing him as a 'hero,' including statistics in support of the genocide argument and the paper's/writers and contributors global concerns for the environment (based on initial Seneca quote). The position paper argument is backed by five other authors. The paper posits that refusal to listen to these arguments has serious implications for free-market societies. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Natcol.wps

Salvador Dali/ Discovery of America
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A 5 page analysis of Salvador Dali's painting 'The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus.' In this analysis, the writer argues that Dali's painting depicts the traditional view of Columbus, but that the symbolism that he employs also implies the impact that the coming of Europeans and European culture had on the New World and its native inhabitants. An original interpretation, no sources were cited.
Filename: 99sdali.wps

Slavery In Cuba Vs. Virginia
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A 3 page essay on Herbert Klein's 'Slavery in the Americas : A Comparative Study of Cuba and Virginia' in which the writer examines some of the differences that existed between slavery in two different nearby sections of the globe : Virginia (U.S.A.) and Cuba. Among the many points made, Cuban slaves were generally treated much more harshly and found themselves involved in violent riots more often. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Bibliography also cites two additional sources.
Filename: Slavebok.wps

Arthur Miller's 'The Crucible' / Concepts of Crime, Justice & Punishment
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A 5 page essay on the play by Arthur Miller that has examines the circumstances surrounding the Salem witch trials in the later part of the seventeenth century. The writer argues that the play does not revolve around religious issues, as one might expect, but rather hinges on the concept of having absolute obedience to the authority of the state. Bibliography lists no other sources.
Filename: Purcruc.wps

Responses to the American Revolution
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A 5 page research paper that examines the origins of the American Revolution and how the outcome was often in jeopardy. The writer demonstrates both sides in this historical conflict and argues that it was mainly Washington's leadership that enabled the American forces to be victorious. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: 90amrev.rtf

Different Interpretations of Settlers in the New World
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This 5 page paper examines three writings. William Bradford, John Smith and John Winthrop have each compiled observations about their journeys to the New World. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA719his.rtf

'White Man's Indian': A Review of the Book by Robert Berkhofer, Jr.
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A 6 page discussion of the book by Robert Berkhofer, Jr. Emphasizes the extreme diversity of Native America and illuminates the numerous misconceptions held by 'mainstream White America' regarding Native Americans. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPnaWman.wps

“A Narrative of the Captivity & Removal of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson”
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A 4 page review of this narrative first published in 1682 after the authors experience as a captive of the Narragansett, Native Americans residing in New England during the initial colonial intrusions there. The contention is presented that, while the trauma endured by Rowlandson was indeed horrific, the Native actions were in themselves the result of the colonial intrusions into their land and, in particular, the Puritan view of them as inferior beings. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: PPnaCptv.rtf

“American National Identity”
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A five page paper which looks at the way in which American national identity was defined by Franklin and Crevecoeur and the similarities and differences between the two thinkers’ perceptions of what constitutes Americanism. Bibliography lists 2 sources
Filename: JLIdentity.rtf

“Before the Melting Pot” by Joyce Goodfriend
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A 4 page paper which summarizes and analyzes Joyce Goodfriend’s book “Before the Melting Pot.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAbemelt.rtf

“Colonies in the USA”
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A five page paper which looks at the some of the early colonies in the USA, with regard to the social, cultural and economic differences between them and the diverse ways in which they developed as a result of these individual features. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: JLcolony.wps

“Ethnocentricity and Indigenous Nations”
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A seven page paper which looks at the way in which the ethnocentric perceptions of European colonisation mediated against the interests of indigenous native populations, and the effect which this has had up to the present day in terms of cultural assimilation and the marginalisation of native peoples. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JL2ethnocentricity.wps

“John Quincy Adams”
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A five page paper which looks at the way in which Adams had a positive influence on the American government in terms of the Florida Purchase and the Monroe Doctrine, and his individual and perceptive attitude to the relationship between European colonialism and the formation of the USA. Bibliography lists 2 sources
Filename: JLAdams.rtf

“Letters From an American Farmer”: Michel Guillaume Jean de Crèvecoeur
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A 6 page discussion of the insight provided into European thought by this French author. Interestingly, Crèvecoeur only lived in the Americas for a relatively short period of time. He became a naturalized citizen, however, and even ventured out among the indigenous inhabitants of the country. His roots, however, and his ideological framework were definitely firmly planted in Europe. Never-the-less, Crèvecoeur’s so-called letters offer tremendous insight into the question of what it is to be an American, as well as how that status relates to such topics as the wilderness and even slavery. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPamrFrm.rtf

“Red, White, and Black: The Peoples of Early North America”: A Review of the Book by Gary Nash
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A 7 page overview of Nash’s views on the impacts inflicted on Native Americans and African Americans by European colonists. Notes that any culture’s objective is cultural survival and that it is not that unique to emphasize one’s own survival even if it means the decimation of another. No additional sources are provided.
Filename: PPnaNash.rtf

“Robert E Lee: strengths and weaknesses”
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A twelve page paper which looks at Lee’s background and military career, and the way in which his strategies and tactics prolonged the Civil War whilst not allowing him to achieve a final victory over the Union forces despite his use of offensive tactics designed to compensate for the numerical and strategic advantages held by the opposing forces. Bibliography lists 13 sources
Filename: JLLee.rtf

“Slavery in Georgia”
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A paper which looks at the various factors which combined to initiate the acceptance and legalisation of slavery in Georgia, which was the last colony to adopt the practice. The paper considers the economic, political and religious elements which gave rise to acceptance of slavery by Georgians, and the way in which the moral and ethical issues involved were manipulated in order to provide a validation of the practice. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLslaverygeorgia.wps

“The American Revolution and Nova Scotia Reconsidered” by George A. Rawlyk
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A 3 page review and analysis of George A. Rawlyk’s essay “The Ameircan Revolution and Nova Scotia Reconsidered.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RArawlyk.rtf

“The Apache wars”
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A twelve page paper which looks at the origins and progress of the wars between the Apache Indians and the Americans during the nineteenth century, with reference to the different strategies which were employed by both sides, the role played by Apache leaders such as Geronimo, the importance of Apache scouts to the American troops and the eventual outcome of the conflict in terms of the cultural development of the Indian nations. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: JLApache.rtf

“The Battle of Saratoga”
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A twenty five page paper which looks at the strategies involved in the Battle of Saratoga of 1777, and the events which led up to this turning-point in the War of Independence. The paper considers such factors as the difficulties which the British commanders found in implementing their military tactics, the problems which arose as a result of poor communication in the field, the importance of intelligence and counter-intelligence in several of the American victories prior to Saratoga and the part that the murder of Jane McCrea played in motivating the colonists outside of the New England region into joining the conflict. Bibliography lists 9 sources
Filename: JLSaratoga.wps

“The seasoning process as applied to African slaves”
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A five page paper which looks at the acculturation process known as seasoning by which African captives were psychologically subjugated in order to ensure their cultural dislocation and their acceptance of the slave system, and the effect this had both on the African nations of the time and the later development of the Black American community. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JLseason.rtf

“The Underground Railroad”
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A seven page paper which looks at the network known as the Underground Railroad, which was instrumental in assisting plantation slaves to escape the North and Canada in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and at some of the prominent figures who contributed to the development and maintenance of the Railroad. Bibliography lists 6 sources
Filename: JLRail.rtf

“W. Smith’s perceptions of Indian and White Culture in the 1700s”
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A twenty page paper which looks at an excerpt from Smith’s ‘Historical Account of the Expedition against the Ohio Indians’ and analyses his commentary with reference to the cultural and religious practices of the Native population in relation to that of the white settlers, his assumption of superior civilisation on the part of the whites and the way in which similar attitudes can also be seen in other multi-cultural situations such as the relationship between the English and the Irish and the constraints of the slave-owning plantation society. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JLSmith.rtf

"Common Sense" by Thomas Paine
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This 3 page paper answers some specific questions about Thomas Paine's pamphlet "Common Sense." Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVPaine.rtf

"Declaring Rights"
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This 5 page paper discusses some of the disagreements between the Federalists and anti-Federalists revealed in the documents of the time. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: HVDecRts.rtf

"How Did American Slavery Begin?": A Review of the Book By Edward Countryman
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A 5 page overview of the historical provided in the five separate essays which comprise this book. Comments on the injustice of one reviewers comments and provides a review which is targeted toward illuminating the common ideas and themes in the essays contained in "How Did American Slavery Begin". Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPslaveBg.wps

"Remember the Ladies!" Abigail Adams, Author.
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(5pp) As the wife of the second president, and the mother of the sixth, Abigail Adams was in a historic "front-row seat" to record America's early times and political history. She did this through active correspondence, and has provided a valuable and often humorous insight into the times. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BBaadams.doc

"Rise to Rebellion" by Jeff Shaara
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A 5 page paper review which also examines various points of interest and argument in Jeff Shaara's "Rise to Rebellion." No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAshaara.rtf