Jonathan Swift’s “A Modest Proposal”
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This 5 page report discusses “A Modest Proposal” written by Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) and how it fit into the timeframe of the Enlightenment. Prior to the “Age of Enlightenment,” the consideration of others as equal entities had not been taken into account. Swift took what was relatively commonplace British colonial policy and carried it to its inevitable conclusion, recommending that since the conquerors have consumed the island and its resources, it could pursue a useful policy for dealing with Irish children by butchering them and making them food for the British. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWswiftmod.rtf

Swift and Pope as Representatives of the Enlightenment
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A five page paper looking at Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift in terms of the way they are representative of the mindset of the eighteenth century. Specific works considered include Swift's 'Modest Proposal' and Pope's 'Essay on Man' and 'Essay on Criticism.' Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: KBenlit2.wps

Tartuffe, Gulliver, and Candide/Age of Reason
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A 2 page research paper that briefly examines the ways in which Moliere's 'Tartuffe,' Swift's 'Gulliver's Travels' and Voltaire's 'Candide' relate to the principles of the Enlightenment. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: 99msv.wps

Newton’s “Principia Mathematica” / A Work of Vision
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A 10 page paper in which the writer discusses Isaac Newton’s masterwork Principia Mathematica (1687). Newton’s participation in the scientific revolution and catalytic role in the Age of Enlightenment are also examined. Principia Mathematica is shown to have relevance today in physics and mechanics. Newton’s initial foray into alchemy and it’s overtones for us today are also considered. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBPrincip.rtf

British Imperialism, Literature And Propaganda
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The literature of Imperialist England included themes based on social Darwinism, the crisis of faith, imperialism, poverty and progress. This 7 page paper explores the issues in Milton's Paradise Lost; Behn's Oroonoko and Swift's Gulliver's Travels that pertain to the cultural context of the British Empire. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: KTenglit.doc

Imaginary Dialogue Between A European Imperialist And A Third World Opponent Of European Imperialism
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5 pages in length. The writer engages in an imaginary conversation between two opposing sides of European Imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCimper.wps

Imperialism; The Origins of Capitalism
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This 10 page paper considers the role of imperial empires, arguing that they are only the emergence of capitalism in a modern form. The example of West Africa colonies are used, with Britain and France as the imperial powers. The reasons behind the expansion of empires considered include trade, social reasons, the acquisition of power, military strategic advantages, and the ‘civilisation’ of natives. The bibliography cites 9 sources.
Filename: TEwaimpr.wps

Ethnic Conflict: Human Right Abuses In Kosovo
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15 pages in length. The crisis that currently exists in Kosovo, Yugoslavia is one that represents considerably more than military hostilities; indeed, the violation of basic human rights has become one of the primary focal points of the entire situation. Going far above and beyond what is believed to be within the boundaries of international human rights laws, the Serbs have inflicted horrendous and unnecessary suffering upon the ethnic Albanians. At what cost is all this political unrest justified? The severe violation of human rights has spurred global actions in show of support for the victims of such senseless inequity toward Kosovo inhabitants. The writer discusses human rights violation as it relates to ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TLCKosov.wps

McCarthyism and the Cold War
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An 8 page research paper that focuses on the McCarthy era and how it fitted into the overall political atmosphere of the Cold War. The writer argues that there was a communist threat in the 1950s‹both domestically and abroad, but that McCarthy and other anticommunist transformed this into a political tool for discrediting liberalism and New Deal policies. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: 90joe.rtf

Jose Ortega's 'The Revolt Of The Masses': Fascism, Communism And European Politics
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10 pages in length. The loss of freedom and reason was a concept that greatly worried Spanish philosopher and social theorist Jose Ortega y Gasset. At the time of World War I, totalitarianism was taking a stronghold upon Europe, while the Great Depression proved to threaten the nature and destiny of the Western civilization. The Enlightenment had begun to show signs of wear, directly affecting the manner by which freedom and reason were slowly but surely being cast aside. It can be argued that with the weakening influence of World War I, reason and freedom stood little chance of escaping the impact of totalitarianism. It was Ortega's contention that through the means of such barbarism, those who were intellectually undisciplined and culturally unrefined would soon serve as the new ambassadors to European existence. Asserting that such masses would prove fatal to the Europe's cultural, economic and political progress, Ortega was mightily concerned with the fascist and communist implications of such a trend, which he clearly addressed in his book entitled 'The Revolt of the Masses.' Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCorteg.wps

Goethe's 'Faust': Relationship To German Enlightenment
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5 pages in length. The German Enlightenment was one of the central tasks upon which major thinkers established themselves. What this means in terms of how great literary philosophers looked at the broader scope of existence lies within the works of such celebrated writers as Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe. The writer discusses how Goethe embraced and critiqued the Enlightenment, recognizing it as a time in which all of mankind could break free from the confines of what had heretofore been accepted as a universal recognition of existence; with each individual following in the footsteps of those who went before, without any question as to why things are accomplished in any certain order, the time for the German Enlightenment symbolized the chance to break free from such constraints. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCfaust.wps

J.W. von Goethe / Works and Contributions To German Theater
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A research paper of 6 pages, highlighting some of Goethe's contributions to the German theatre. His scientific investigations are given some discussion, and his literary talents that included drama, poetry, novel fiction and autobiography are mentioned. The paper, though, focuses on his drama and the setting of his eighteenth-century times. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Goethe.wps

Religion and Faith in 17th Century Europe
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This 5 page report discusses the existence of religion in the Europe of the 1600s. Throughout all aspects of faith during the time, the element of transformation and religious heroism played a key role and also supported justifications of violent “Christian” intervention throughout the world. The 17th century also provided the foundation from which the philosophy of the Enlightenment was launched. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BW17rel.rtf

Support for the Unification of the German States
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A 5 page “letter” from a fictitious Bavarian aristocrat to his King in 1871, advising him that uniting with the other independent states of Germany would be in their best interests. The letter outlines nineteenth-century German history and explains how nationalism and a belief in their manifest destiny as a people convinced Germans to unite. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: KBgerman.wps

Bismarck and German Unification
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An 8 1/2 page paper which discusses German unification and the role Otto von Bismarck played, or may have played, in the unification of East and West Germany today. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAunifica.wps

Late 19th-Century Germany
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An 8 page paper discussing the motivations underlying the unification of Germany and the emergence of the political mass market. Prime Minister Bismarck order full male suffrage for the first time in Saxony in 1866. Some historians maintain that the political mass market originated with that Saxony election; others hold that it did not fully emerge until Bismarck was forced to retire in 1890. The paper discusses the chronology of the period between 1866 and the end of World War I, when the German people demanded an end to the war and the Second Reich ended with Wilhelm II's flight to the Netherlands. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSGermany.wps

The French & Russian Revolutions
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A 5 page examination of the factors which cause revolutions with a comparison of the stimuli which caused the French and Russian Revolutions and their outcomes. Bibliography lists six sources.
Filename: Charfa.wps

Women In The Renaissance Thru The French Revolution / Voices from the Silence
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An 11 page paper on how women were subjegated in the Renaissance and started to get serious about their status during the French Revolution. The paper postulates that voices where heard throughout the 300-year period as well. Bibliography lists approximately 10 sources.
Filename: Renwomn.wps

European History
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This 6 page paper provides answers to four questions posed by a student. The answers are chock full of information pertinent to the French Revolution and Robespierre’s rule as well as Napoleon’s problems when he took the reigns. The significance of the unification of Germany and Italy is explored and finally, a look at colonization and imperialism sheds light on differences between trends in the late nineteenth century as opposed to earlier times. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: SA49Hist .wps

Napoleon & The French Revolution / Impact on the Jewish People
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A 5 page examination of the impact of Napoleon and the French Revolution on the Jewish people. Concludes that although much of progress which was made in terms of Jewish civil rights was undermined after Napoleon's fall, great progress can be attributed to both Napoleon and the Revolution. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: NapolJew.wps

Napoleon and the French Revolution
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This 5 page paper looks at Napoleon’s role in both supporting and negating the ideals of the French Revolution. Many of Napoleon’s accomplishments are listed and the French Revolution is discussed philosophically. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA12Nap.wps

The French Revolution
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This 5 page paper provides answers to five questions posed by a student in a Q&A format. Topics include reasons for the origination of the revolution as well as events leading up to the revolution. The relationship to the American Revolution as well as Napoleon's role in France after the Revolution are all explored. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA008Frc.rtf

Maximilien Robespierre
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A 5 page overview of the actions and final end of Maximilien Robespierre, the French leader who headed the Committee for Public Safety during the French Revolution. Outlines his political philosophies and downfall. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPMaximi.wps

Robespierre Reexamined
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This 7 page paper looks at the life and times of Maximilien Robespierre, the man credited for proliferating the Reign of Terror at the end of the French Revolution. The position of the paper is that Robespierre was not the evil figure some historians have made him out to be. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA9Robes.wps

The French Revolution: The Descent To Madness
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6 pages in length. From a constitutional reform movement initiated by a select group of aristocrats (the Assembly of Notables) in 1787, the French Revolution quickly developed into an unstoppable torrent which culminated with the establishment of a Republic in September 1792 and the execution of the king and queen in 1793. How does one account for this phenomenon? The writer discusses how there were a number of variables that helped to motivate what has come to be know as the Reign of Terror: the influence of the enlightenment, the role of class conflict and the role of counter revolutionary forces. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCfrnrv.wps

Civility and the French Revolution
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This 4 page paper provides an analysis of Edmund Burke’s vision of a civil society,with religion, during the time of the French Revolution. Burke’s work Reflections on the French Revolution is the focus of the paper. Tocqueville’s views are referenced and the state of the Catholic church in the late eighteenth century is discussed. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA14Burk.wps

Edmund Burke's 'Reflections on the French Revolution'
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In 5 pages, the author presents a report on 'Reflections on the French Revolution' by Edmund Burke, discussing the historical setting, the influence of the time, place, class, attitudes, and prejudice with a true understanding of the document. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PCfrrev.doc

Female Actresses and the French Revolution
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This three-page-paper discusses the important position that female actresses held during the French Revolution. Why they allowed to become important and the problems it caused are also addressed. Bibliography lists one source.
Filename: CWfrerev.rtf

France: The First Modern Nation
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An 8 page research paper that examines why the French Revolution is considered by many historians to be the beginning of the modern era. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: 99frrev.wps

French Revolution And Romantic Age
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In 5 pages the author discusses the French Revolution and the Romantic Age. The French Revolution brought about changes in religion, population, and society. All of these had different impacts on the Romantic Age, which began at the same time as the French Revolution. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Agerevof.wps

French Revolutions 1789 and 1848 Compared
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A 7 page research paper on the political and military basis behind these two Revolutions, as well as a discussion of how these Revolutions led to France’s continual support of social programs. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Cnfrevol.wps

Hibbert's 'Days of the French Revolution / Book Review'
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A 5 page review of Christopher Hibbert's 'Days of the French Revolution' -- a book detailing the socio-political events surrounding the conflict of 1789. The primary source is cited in bibliography.
Filename: Frenrev2.doc

Hobsbawm's Age Of Revolution
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In The Age of Revolution by Eric Hobsbawm, he gives a thorough and interesting account of the French and Industrial revolutions, albeit from a refreshingly atypical perspective. This 5 page paper asserts that he seems to see the waves of history through an hourglass of Marxist economic theory which gives his book a double perspective: from the economic standpoint and from the eyes of the workers. An examination of his views on the Industrial and French revolutions is provided. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KThobsbm.wps

Interpretations of the French Revolution
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This 8 page paper provides a variety of assessments regarding the causes of the revolution as well as evaluations on outcome. Most views focus on class stratification but others speculate on religious, political and economic causes. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: SA26Frnc.wps

Power Struggles in Eighteenth Century Europe
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This 12 page paper assesses eighteenth century Europe and evaluates changes in power through different nation states. France is the focal point of this paper which takes the position that the French Revolution, and others, were started due to neglect by the sitting monarchs. Annotated bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA5018th.wps

Reign of Terror & The Revolutionary War in France (1789)
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This 5 page essay discusses the infamous Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. The author proposes that the Reign of Terror was inevitable. The thrust of the Revolution made this so. The juxtaposition of the people resulted in the slaughter of many. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Reigno.wps

The Age of Revolution, by Eric J. Hobsbawm
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A 5 page paper which discusses the book “The Age of Revolution,” by Eric J. Hobsbawm. Hobsbawm’s book thoroughly examines the history of France during the French Revolution as well as the Industrial Revolution. He presents images and pieces of information that truly require the reader to think. Although this book can be confusing for one who has little prior education in regards to the revolutions under examination, it is a book which will enlighten the reader in one way or another due to the numerous perspectives presented through the writer’s intriguing illustration. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAhobsbaw.wps

The French Revolution
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In 7 pages, the author discusses the years of the French Revolution and how the France of 1789 was different from the France of 1815. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Thefr.wps

The French Revolution of 1848
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20 pages in length. An in-depth sociopolitical analysis of the causal factors behind the (second) French Revolution of 1848. Some comparisons are made between this incident and the (first) Revolution of 1789. Many scholarly `opinions are incorporated. Bibliography lists 15+ sources.
Filename: Frenrevo.wps

Weimar Republic and Third French Republic Compared
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This 8 page paper compares the Weimar Republic, the government which ruled Germany between 1919 to 1933, and the Third French Republic which reigned from 1871 through 1940. Analysis focuses on political factors and addresses reasons for the collapse of each government. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Weimarr.doc

Nationalism, Politics, and Ethnicity
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A 5 page overview of the concept of nationalism as it relates to ethnicity, fascism/nazism, and communism. Specifically discusses nationalism post-communism and the naturalistic conflict. No sources are listed.
Filename: PPnatioE.wps

The Decline of the Jewish Culture in the Soviet Union
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This 10 page paper considers the plight of Jews in the Soviet Union under the rule of Stalin. Topics covered include the anti-Semitic movement, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee and the doctors plot. The bibliography cites 8sources.
Filename: TEstajew.rtf

Fascism in Europe
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This 8 page paper considers Fascism in Europe. It traces the Fascist movement from its origins in Italy under Mussolini to its’ modern day manifestations. The commonalties between the different fascist organisations are considered in conjunction in the way that many of the organisations are now attempting to present themselves in a different light. The Bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEfascim.rtf

Italy Under Mussolini
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A 5 page research paper that looks to William Bolitho's 1926 text on Mussolini for an explanation of how Fascism took over Italy, and then to a summation of Italian progress under Mussolini's rule. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 00ium.rtf

Women in Fascist Italy from 1922 to 1945
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This 10 page report discusses the role of women in Fascist Italy in the decades prior to World War II. Women under Italian fascism had two major roles, loyalty to Benito Mussolini and loyalty to husband and family. Mussolini was committed to an ambitious modernization program: draining swamps, developing hydroelectricity and improving the railways. His ideas of modernization did not apply to the role of women in Italian society. Women, according to Mussolini, were baby producers and wives. The extreme nature of Fascism, as well as its clearly self-serving agenda created an environment in which the women of Italy were unlikely to have the opportunity for emancipation at any level. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWfacITA.rtf