“All Quite on the Western Front”: The Backdrop of Communism
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A 5 page overview of the novel by Erich Maria Remarque. The author reviews the historical stage and notes how Communism was an element of ever-increasing importance on that stage. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPwstFrn.rtf

“An Open Letter to His Serene Majesty Leopold II” and “King Leopold’s Soliloquy”
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A 7 page paper which examines what can be learned about imperialism, colonialism, and issues of identity as seen through readings of “An Open Letter to His Serene Majesty Leopold II” by Lesley Falls and “King Leopold's Soliloquy” by Mark Twain. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAleoii.rtf

“An overview of Cypriot history from 1878 to the present day, with specific reference to UK and US involvement in the island”
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A five page paper which looks at the history of Cyprus since the beginning of British colonial rule in the nineteenth century, and considers the respective roles of the UK and the US in the island’s aspirations towards independence and the ongoing conflicts with mainland Turkey. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JLcyprus.wps

“Appeasement policies”
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A paper which looks at the policy of appeasement which was adopted by Neville Chamberlain in his negotiations with Hitler prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. The paper considers the underlying motivations of both politicians, particularly in reference to such factors as the effect which the Treaty of Versailles had had on the restructuring of Germany, the importance of the annexation of Austria and the invasion of Poland, and the part that British anti-communism played in the way that Chamberlain perceived Hitler’s potential to attack the USSR.
Filename: JLapp.wps

“Britain’s relationship with the European Community”
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A paper which looks at the reasons behind Britain’s successive attempts to join the European community, the way in which commonwealth interests were set against European, and the way in which Britain has conducted herself within the European community since being allowed to join.
Filename: JLBritec.wps

“Charles Babbage”
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A seven page paper which looks at the life and works of Charles Babbage, with regard to his achievements in mathematics, science and engineering, the importance of his contributions in various areas of invention and manufacturer, and the development of his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, which can be seen as the precursors of the modern computer.
Filename: JLBabb.rtf

“Children and Holocaust Literature”
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A paper which looks at the way in which children are depicted in literature which deals with the Holocaust, in both autobiographical works and fiction, the importance of such works as a resource in Holocaust studies, and the way in which contemporary children respond to such accounts of their forebears’ experiences.
Filename: JLHol.rtf

“Clash of the Titans” by Walter J. Boyne
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A 4 page review of Walter J. Boyne’s book “Clash of the Titans.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAclshtt.rtf

“Conflict in Yugoslavia”
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A paper which looks at the political and cultural background to the recent conflict in the former Yugoslavia, and the socio-political changes which the region has undergone in the twentieth century.
Filename: JLYugo.rtf

“Creolisation in the Roman Provinces in Britain”
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A paper which looks at the concept of creolisation and the way in which it differed from Romanisation in the British provinces during the Roman occupation, especially with regard to the way that acculturation was thought to take place in the case of both the minority elite and the majority of the population. Bibliography lists 2 sources
Filename: JLCreol.rtf

“Emperor Constantine”
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An eight page paper which looks at the life and works of the Emperor Constantine, the first Christian Roman Emperor and the founder of Constantinople. The paper explores the early influences on his life, his military career, his protection of Christians against the Pagan majority and the importance of the Edict of Milan and the First Ecumenical Council in terms of the growth of Christianity and the freedom of Christian worship. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JLConstant.rtf.

“England from 1500 - 1700”
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A ten page paper which looks at the history of England from 1500 to 1700, in terms of domestic and foreign policy, expansion and colonialism, and social and religious developments. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: JLengland.wps

“Europe as a new political entity”
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A five page paper which looks at some of the difficulties faced by the European Union as it attempts to create a new social and political unity out of the various cultural identities and economic infrastructures of the member states. Bibliography lists 2 sources
Filename: JLEurinv.rtf

“European Citizenship”
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A paper which looks at the various issues involved in establishing a separate concept of European citizenship, in the light of the separate national identities and cultures of the respective member states, and the role of the European Community as a coherent entity on the stage of global politics.
Filename: JLeurocit.wps

“Financial causes of the French Revolution”
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A nine page paper which looks at the causes of the French Revolution from the point of view of financial issues, and the way in which the grievances of different social groups coincided to contribute to the original uprisings. Bibliography lists 6 sources
Filename: JLFrRev.rtf

“Germany’s responsibility for the First World War”
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A twelve page paper which look at the extent to which Germany could be perceived as bearing the brunt of the responsibility for the start of the First World War, with reference to weltpolitik, conservatism and imperialism, the nation’s relationship with other European countries and Germany’s preferred military strategies. Bibliography lists 6 sources
Filename: JLGerWW1.wps

“Hitler and Stalin”
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A paper which looks at the similarities and differences between the regimes in Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia, in terms of repression, elitism, the use of propaganda and the way in which both were headed by charismatic leaders .
Filename: JLhitlerstalin.wps

“Hitler in World War One”
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A five page paper which looks at Hitler’s military career during the First World War, and the way in which his experiences both in the army and with civilians during that time gave rise to the motivation for his part in the rise of the Nazis in the 1930s. Bibliography lists 2 sources
Filename: JLhitler1.wps

“Hitler, Eugenics and the Final Solution”
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A paper which looks at the relationship between the social and economic condition of Germany after the First World War, the theories of Social Darwinism and eugenics, and the ways in which these theories correlated with Hitler’s view of Germany’s future as the home of the Aryan master-race. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLeugenics.wps

“Housing programmes in Great Britain”
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A five page paper which looks at housing programmes in Britain during the years between the First and Second World Wars, and in the period immediately following the end of World War II, with reference to the similarities and differences between the two. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLhousing.rtf

“Khrushchev’s Secret Speech”
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A ten page paper which looks at Khrushchev’s secret speech of 1956 and considers the impact which it had on the USSR, the international community, and Khrushchev’s own political future. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: JLkhrushchev.wps

“Marriage customs in ancient societies”
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A five page paper which compares the status and role of women, and marriage customs in general, in several ancient societies, with reference to the rights and freedoms which women enjoyed in comparison to men and how they were perceived by the community as a whole. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLrommarr.wps

“Medieval and early modern warfare”
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A five page paper which looks at the way in which medieval warfare changed radically with the departure from the feudal system, the development of heavy artillery and the establishment of standing armies, and the way in which these early developments have influenced modern warfare. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLmodwar.rtf

“Nationalism and devolution in Scotland and Wales”
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A paper which looks at the historical background to the relationship between England, Scotland and Wales, and the ways in which the Welsh and Scottish routes to devolution have differed, in terms of their political interaction with England and the growth of nationalism in the two countries.
Filename: JLscotdev.wps

“Nuremberg Trials”
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A five page paper which looks at the purpose of the Nuremberg trials, the concept of war crimes, and the way in which the ethical issues raised at Nuremberg are relevant in other areas of society. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLNuremberg.wps

“Origins and Development of Sinn Fein”
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A ten page paper which looks at the historical and political elements which gave rise to the formation of Sinn Fein and the IRA, and the way in which the movement contributed firstly to the armed struggle in Ireland and secondly to the peace initiatives which commenced in the 1980s and culminated in the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLsinnfein.wps

“Relinquish All Hope, Ye Who Enter Here”
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This 5 page paper considers the statement “Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’ was one of the lights that led the West out of the Dark Ages and towards the light of the Renaissance.” Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVRlHope.rtf

“Terrorism”
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A five page paper which looks at the definition of terrorism and the way in which it can be applied to the actions of the IRA in mainland Britain during their campaign of the late twentieth century.
Filename: JL2Terror.rtf

“The Ancient Celts”
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A 5 page review of the book by Barry Cunliffe. This book presents a window into Celt life and material culture that few have presented before. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPceltsBkRv.rtf

“The Battle of Britain”
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A six page paper which looks at the background to, and progress of, the Battle of Britain in the Second World War, with reference to the successful repulsion of the Luftwaffe by the Allied forces and the transition from air-to-air combat to the bombing of civilian targets during the Blitz. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: JLBoB.wps

“The Czech Republic”
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A six page paper which looks at the recent history of the Czech republic, in terms of its separation with the Eastern bloc and alliance with the West, its relationship to other countries in the European Community, and the way in which its social and political infrastructures are demonstrably still in a stage of transition and consolidation. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLczech2.wps

“The History of the IRA”
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A fourteen page paper which looks at the history of the Irish Republication Army, from its formation out of the Irish Volunteer Army in the early twentieth-century to its part in the peace negotiations of the 1990s. The paper considers the way in which the IRA’s strategies and organisation changed over the years, the role it played in the Northern Ireland civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s, and the political standpoint of the splinter groups which broke away from the official IRA in the latter part of the twentieth century. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLIRA.wps

“The Medieval and Renaissance periods”
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A paper which looks at some of the events and ideas which characterised the Medieval and Renaissance periods in Western Europe, in terms of the changes in religious, political and cultural thought which typified the two eras. Bibliography lists 2 sources
Filename: JLMedi.rtf

“The Nazi Seizure of Power” by William Sheridan Allen
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A 6 page review of William Sheridan Allen’s book “The Nazi Seizure of Power: The Experiences of a Single German Town 1922-1945.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAnazisz.rtf

“The parite movement in French politics”
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A five page paper which looks at the parite movement in French politics, the way in which it seeks to address gender inequality in the political system, and the reasons why it has been regarded by some sections of the French population with some degree of hostility from both a cultural and a political point of view. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: JLParite.rtf

“The Rise of David Levinsky”: A Review of the Book by Abraham Cahan
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A 6 page overview of this novel concerning a late nineteenth century Jewish immigrant to the U.S. The protagonist is inspired to move to the U.S. by the hard circumstances of his childhood and the growing anti-Semitic sentiments in Russia. When he arrives he has four cents in his pocket but successfully assimilates and amasses a large fortune in the garment industry. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPlvnsky.rtf

“The transition from feudalism to capitalism”
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A five page paper which looks at different theories of the way in which the transition from feudalism to capitalism was initiated and maintained, with reference to the importance of external market forces, the control of the means of production, and the extent to which local economic factors could be seen as more significant than the wider market. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JLfeud.wps

“Von Ranke’s view of the importance of the State in historical study”
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A paper which looks at the way in which von Ranke perceived the importance of the nation-state in the study of history, and the extent to which the actions of nations were significant in terms of assessing global history.
Filename: JLranke.wps

“War of No Pity: The Indian Mutiny and Victorian Trauma”
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A 5 page review of the book by Christopher Herbert. This paper emphasizes the dichotomy of British thought about the Mutiny and its resolution. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPindiaMutiny.rtf

"Age of Conflict" by Leslie Derfler: Chapter 5
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A 5 page paper which examines the different theories and discussions in the works found in Chapter 5 of Leslie Derfler's "Age of Conflict." This chapter deals with historical perceptions concerning the Nazis. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAderflr.rtf

"All Quiet on the Western Front" and "Journey Into the Whirlwind"
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A 6 page paper which compares the transformation of individuals in times of change as seen in the books "All Quiet on the Western Front" by Erich Maria Remarque and "Journey Into the Whirlwind" by Eugenia Ginzburg. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAquws.rtf

"Behind The Urals" By John Scott
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4 pages in length. Leaving America for the very same reason others seek out its open-armed borders, John Scott removed himself from the comfort and safety of the United States and sought to find what he thought would be a more suitable life for himself. Little did he know when he chose Russia – more particularly Magnitogorsk in the Ural Mountains – that he had literally thrust himself into a time warp of how America had been tens of decades ago prior to any union implementation or basic humane approach to the value of life. What Scott ultimately gained throughout his journey to find himself outside the protected perimeters of the United States was a wakeup call that completely reversed his opinion about how "sadly dislocated" (p. 3) America had become and unappealing to a university graduate with "young energy and enthusiasm" (p. 3) during the Depression. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCJScott.rtf

"Ending the Cold War" by Herrmann and Lebow
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This 3 page paper discusses the book "Ending the Cold War" by Herrmann and Lebow, and argues that credit for ending this decades-long standoff goes to Mikhail Gorbachev. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: HVEndCld.rtf

"From Dawn to Decadence" by Jacques Barzun
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A 13 page paper which presents reactions to different portions of Jacques Barzun's "From Dawn to Decadence." No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAbarzun.wps

"From Diggers to Dongas: The Land in English Radicalism, 1649-2000"
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A 6 page consideration of the varied ideologies concerning land ownership and control in England. The contention is presented that land was a central idea to English radicalism from the seventeenth century to the present. While the specifics of the ideology of how land should be controlled and managed varied overtime, there was a consistent belief that the masses should control the land. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPengLnd.rtf