Can The History Of Twentieth Century Europe Be Summed Up As The Triumph Of Capitalism?
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8 pages in length. There exist several reasons why the history of European twentieth century can be summed up as the triumph of capitalism, including two world wars, Fascism, Nazism, Stalinist Totalitarianism and the Depression. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLC20Ero.rtf

Carl L. Becker's "The Heavenly City Of The Eighteenth-Century Philosophers"
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7 pages in length. In this paper the student will review why Carl Becker could not understand why eighteenth-century philosophers eschewed the inherent value of their past in order to embrace the future. The students main points will include examining the Enlightenment and the impact it had upon such prominent theorists as Voltaire, Hume and Locke, as well as analyzing the manner by which the notion of progress served to be a double-edged sword where eighteenth-century progress was concerned. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCBeckerHv.rtf

Carpini: The long and wonderful voyage of Frier Iohn de Plano Carpini
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A commentary on Carpini's account of his experiences of Mongol society in the Middle Ages, with specific reference to cultural clashes and the difficulties of making objective analyses of other cultures. Bibliography lists 1 source
Filename: JLmongols.rtf

Catherine the Great of Russia
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(6pp) It has been argued that Catherine was an educated ruler, not necessarily an enlightened one. The argument being that the Enlightenment was a time when people were discussing abstract ideas, and attempting to reach consensus in the process. However in Europe this was mainly discussion between intellectuals, and since at the time of Catherine's reign only two percent of her subjects were literate, it would lead to a narrow ray of enlightenment on the formal sense. With the data out of the way, I believe that Catherine made every effort, and did make, or cause change, considering the social environment that was her arena. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBcathRU.doc

Catholic Influences on 19th Century Spain
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(10pp) The nineteenth century in Spain began with the enmeshment of Church and State and concluded with complete separation. This discussion will look at some of the convoluted historical steps that occurred in between. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BBspnCth.doc

Catholic Nationalism And Protestant Unionism In Ireland From 1879-1918
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4 pages in length. The quest for political, social and religious identity is what fueled Catholic nationalism and Protestant unionism in Ireland from 1870-1918. While the Irish sought a cohesive way for countrymen to be unified, this coming together would only happen if all involved held the same beliefs; when this was not to become reality, the schism between Catholics and Protestants became even greater in intensity. It is important to note, however, that not all Catholics embraced the notion of nationalism anymore than all Protestants supported the unionist perspective, however, the vast majority of individuals during Ireland's late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were caught up in a tremendous fight of wills where cultural identity was concerned. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCCathNatl.rtf

Causative Factors in World War I: The Austro-Hungarian Empire
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A 5 page discussion of the people, events, and circumstances that contributed to the outbreak of World War I. The author contends that although the assassination of the Archduke of Austria, Franz Ferdinand, is considered by some to be a primary factor in the outbreak of World War I; in reality the social stratification that that assassination resulted from was a more important factor. That stratification, in fact, dates back to a much earlier point in history. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPwwIaus.rtf

Cause And Effect Of The French Revolution
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6 pages in length. The French Revolution quickly developed into an unstoppable torrent due a constitutional reform movement initiated by a select group of aristocrats (the Assembly of Notables) in 1787, which culminated with the establishment of a Republic in September 1792 and the execution of the king and queen in 1793. Indeed, there were a number of variables that helped to motivate what has come to be know as the Reign of Terror – the influence of the enlightenment, the role of class conflict and the role of counter revolutionary forces – as well as the aftermath that impacted its people. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCFrchR.rtf

Causes and Effects of the Cold War
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In five pages this paper examines the Cold War’s causes and effects. One source is listed in the bibliography.
Filename: TGcoldwar.rtf

Causes of ‘The Great War’ (World War I) and Why the U.S. Became Involved
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A 3 page paper which examines what caused the First World War, and why the U.S. became involved in what was essentially a European conflict. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TGgreatwar.rtf

Causes of the Collapse of Communism
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This 5 page paper investigates some of the causes of the collapse of communism. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVComCol.rtf

Causes of the First World War
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An eight page paper which looks at the causes of World War One and discusses whether the conflict could have been avoided, in terms of the various conflicts of national interests which contributed to the instigation of the conflict and the struggle for domination of Europe between the powers involved. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLwwcauses.doc

Causes of the Russian Revolution
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This 5 page paper looks at the Russian Revolution and the conditions preceding it that caused the people to embrace Marxism. Details about Marxism and the revolution itself are included. The paper takes an analytic look at the facts. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA246Rus.rtf

Causes of World War 1
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A paper which looks at some of the social and political factors which led to the outbreak of the First World War, and considers why the assassination of the Archduke was merely a catalyst.
Filename: JLwarcaus.rtf

Causes Of World War I
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A 5 page paper that discusses the possible causes of World War I and the difficulties in making peace after the war ended. This was has been heralded as changing the international system forever and also as the dividing mark between the 19th and 20th centuries. The writer discusses the difficulties in determining exactly what the causes of the war were and offers some possibilities. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGww1.wps

Causes of World War I
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A 5 page paper weighing Waltz’s (1965) three “images” that he says can be seen as being instrumental in causing war against Tuchman’s (1994) account of the beginning of World War I. Waltz’s (1965) images are International Conflict and Human Behavior; International Conflict and the Internal Structure of States; and International Conflict and International Anarchy. All can be seen as being instrumental in various examples; the thesis here is that International Conflict and International Anarchy was the most important of the three in causing World War I. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSwarCauTheo.rtf

Causes Of World War I & World War II
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A 5 page paper that discusses the causes and events leading up to these two world wars. Historians do not agree as to the events leading up to the Great War but they do agree on the causes of the second world war. Some say the first war never really ended; it just took a break and then continued in what we call World War II. The major events that acted as catalysts for each of these wars are discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGww1ww2.rtf

Causes of World War II:
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This 5 page paper examines individual level theories as well as domestic level theories in terms of the causes of World War II. These theories are used specifically to highlight the casues of Germany's agression. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: GSWhyWar.rtf

Cavaliers and the Puritans: From England to the Americas
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A 5 page discussion of the integral differences between the Puritans and the Cavaliers. Traces the groups from their origin in England to their exploits in the Americas. The author of this paper contends that the Puritans were seeking to establish a new Jerusalem, a place where justice and fairness would prevail. The Puritans’ reluctance to move into new areas of the New World meant that the majority of their impact was restricted to the northern portion of what would eventually become the United States. In contrast, the Cavaliers were more interested in expanding their areas of control. Their influence would quickly spread from the Northeast into the South. Much of their philosophy centered around capturing control of and taming the “New World” and its people. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPcavali.rtf

CAVOUR, MANZINI AND GARIBALDI -- AND ITALIAN UNIFICATION
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This 4-page paper discusses the unification of Italy during the 19th century, and the role of the revolutionaries Mazzini and Garibaldi and the Count Cavour in unification. Language is tutorial. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTitalun.rtf

Challenges Faced by a Newly-Independent Nation -- Croatia
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This 5 page report discusses the fact that some of the 21st century world’s newest independent nations are actually nations with some of the oldest cultures. However, for whatever political, economic, or imperialistic reason they were able to escape, they have found themselves facing the multiple challenges of establishing their governments, determining their national priorities, providing the social services their people need, and paying for it all. Croatia is used as an example to illustrate such a process. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWnewind.wps

Chamberlain, Appeasement and the Road to War
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This 10 page paper discusses Neville Chamberlain’s attempt to appease Hitler by signing away the Sudetenland in the Munich Agreement of 1938. It argues that there are many good reasons why Chamberlain acted as he did and that he is not the spineless villain so many people have painted him. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVapzmnt.rtf

Changes After Stalinism
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This 10 page paper takes a look at Stalin's rule in Russia. The change that emerged over time after new leadership came about is the focus of the paper. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA510JSt.rtf

Changes in Russia Between 1500 and 1800
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This 3 page paper focuses on changes implemented by Peter the Great. Social and political changes are discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA811Rus.rtf

Changes in the British Labour and Conservative parties in the 1990s
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A five page paper which considers the ideological changes which have been undergone by the two main political parties in the UK in the 1990s. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLlabcon.rtf

Changes in the English language between the 14th and 18th centuries
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An overview of the factors which affected changes in the English language from the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century, with reference to the Great Vowel Shift, the influence of colonisation, and social and demographic changes over this period. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JLlangchange.rtf

Changes in Warfare Since WWII
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This 8 page paper takes a look at changes in the world and how warfare has been affected since the second world war. Technological change is the focus of this paper but insights into ideological and political differences are also included. The change from a strategy of attrition to a new way of thinking in a new world order is highlighted. Stealth technology and new defense systems are discussed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA101WW2.wps

Changes in Warfare: WWII to Present Day
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A 7 page paper which examines the changes in warfare from the beginning of WWII to the present day. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAwarch2.rtf

Charles the 10th:
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This 8 page paper discusses the life of Charles X, Kind of France from 1824-1830. This paper highlights his personal as well as his political life. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: GSCharls.rtf

Charles V, The Holy Roman Emperor (Charles I of Spain)
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the reign of Charles V (Charles I of Spain), the Holy Roman Emperor of the 16th century. The Spanish conquest during his reign is also included. Charles V (1500-1558) the Holy Roman Emperor in the 16th century became the ruler of one of the most expansive empires in European history. During his reign he was also Charles I of Spain and King of Franche-Comte and the Netherlands. During his lifetime he fought for the maintenance of the Catholic religion against the increasing influences of the Protestant religion and the followers of Martin Luther and the ongoing boundary dispute with the French and the Turks. A man of compassion, Charles and his brother Ferdinand signed many treaties to continue peace on the continent. The ongoing success of the Spanish conquests of the Americas and the Indies continued during the reign of Charles and his sympathies toward the treatment of the native Indians led him to pass the New Laws of the Indies in 1542 which outlawed the enslavement of the Indians by the settlers. Charles eventually retired his lands and throne to his son Philip II and his brother Ferdinand I and lived in a monastery in Spain until his death in September 1558. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJCharl1.rtf

Charlotte Corday
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An 11 page paper on Charlotte Corday. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAchcor.rtf

Child Labor and Physical Punishment in Nineteenth Century England
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A 5 page overview of the harsh working conditions facing English children of this earlier point in time. During the Industrial Revolution many of England’s less fortunate children were essentially sold into indentured servitude to work in factories and mines. This paper notes the changes which had occurred in England to result in this situation. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPchdLbr.rtf

Chinese and European Culture: "The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci"
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A 5 page paper which discusses Chinese and European culture as presented in Jonathan D. Spence's book "The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci." No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAricci.wps

Christopher Columbus – Commenting on the People of the New World
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This 5 page report discusses the journal entries of Christopher Columbus from September and October of 1492. Through using this primary source, it is possible to see the opinions and assumptions made about an indigenous culture by a European "discoverer." Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWccolum.rtf

Chronological History of WWII
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An 8 page paper which examines the chronological history of WWII. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAwwiit.rtf

Churchill, 1939-40
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A 3 page research paper that examines why Winston Churchill was out of power in 1939, yet prime minister of Great Britain in 1940. The writer relates this fact to Churchill's stance against German rearmament in the 1930s. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khch3940.rtf

Churchill/The Gathering Storm
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A 5 page book review that examines Winston Churchill’s World War II memoir. Churchill, as Prime Minister of Great Britain, played a pivotal role in the cataclysmic conflict known as World War II. After the war, Churchill focused on his considerable literary talent and penned a six volume, comprehensive history of the WWII, offering insights and observations that could only come from a world leader during this period. The Gathering Storm is the first volume in the series and describes the events leading up to the war and then the initial battles, which takes this book’s account of the war to May 10, 1940. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khwchgst.rtf

City of Madrid / Historical and Literary Background
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In 7 pages, the author discusses the historical and literary background of Madrid, Spain. Madrid is the capital of Spain. Madrid has existed for hundreds of years. It has a rich cultural heritage. Spain, and Madrid in particular is famous for its art and its literature. There are several themes that are clearly presented by the art and literature. They include comedy, religion, and monarchy. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: PCmadr.doc

Cold War Arms Control
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7 pages in length. The history of Cold War arms control is comprised of myriad elements, scores of political dignitaries and spans a number of years. With such grand and far-reaching components to the issue of disarmament, it is important for the student to address such topics as the Baruch plan, the principle of Mutually Assured Destruction, SALT I, SALT II, the ABM treaties, "flexible response" and European reaction, the French bid for leadership, Willi Brandt's Ostpolitik, Nixon's China Game, MBFR, Helsinki, the INF treaty and Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: TLCdsarm.rtf

Cold War Politics
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An 8 page paper answering two essay questions about the Cold War. The first is to describe domestic factors affecting 4 Cold War episodes, which are the Truman Doctrine, the formation of NATO, the launch of Sputnik and the Cuban missile crisis. The second is to outline the situation that Richard Nixon faced in choosing whether (and how) to continue the policy of containment as it had been established and practiced from the end of World War II. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KScoldWarPol.rtf

Colonial Culture
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A 5 page analysis of colonial culture. The paper relies on This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Imagined Communities by Benedict Anderson, Modern Inquisitions by Irene Silverblatt and Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers by Ann Stoer for analysis. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAemk.rtf

Columbus, More and Renaissance Thought
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A 6 page research paper that considers the influence of Columbus and More on Renaissance culture. As a history term, the Renaissance refers, approximately speaking, to a period beginning in the mid-fourteenth to the early sixteenth centuries, during which western Europeans "rediscovered aspects of the Classical past that simulated new ideas about man's place in the universe" (Abulafia, 2008, p. 37). These new ideas ignited an avalanche of change in every aspect of European society. Both Christopher Columbus and Sir Thomas More were part of this change and this discussion explores how their lives and writing influenced the perpetuation of new ideas and the spirit of the Renaissance. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khcolmor.rtf

Committee Of Public Safety / Danton's Significance
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15 pages in length. Georges Jacques Danton had great significance in the French Revolution's Committee of Public Safety. His outstanding leadership afforded him the opportunity to lead his followers and influence opponents. Danton possessed many attributes that aided in his ability as leader, some of which were charismatic and forceful in nature and others that were physical and energetic. One major advantage he had over all other commanders of his time was his extraordinary talent for public speaking; this feature alone was, perhaps, the most crucial to his significance in the Committee of Public Safety. The writer discusses Danton's significance as it relates to the Committee of Public Safety. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Danton.doc

Comparing Empires: Qing China and Pre-World War I Britain
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A 3 page paper comparing these two empires. Qing China and the British empire each were able to unite vast land masses and distinctly different peoples. They each took very different approaches, however, some of which are discussed here. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSChinaBrit.rtf

Comparing the Three Main Muslim Empires:
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This paper examines the similarities and differences between the Ottoman, Persian and Mughal Empires. This paper furthermore compares them to contemporary European absolutist states of the 17th and 18th centuries. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: GSEmpire.rtf