Japanese Biotechnology and Avian Flu: Ethical and Societal Implications
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A 5 page overview of the problems being confronted with bird flu. The author reviews the social impacts of the H5N1 virus and comments on the ethics of vaccine production. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPavFlu2.rtf

Jehovah's Witnesses/Bloodless Surgery
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A 5 page research paper that explores the topic of bloodless surgery. Members of the Jehovah's Witness church are prohibited by their faith from having blood transfusions. Likewise, many people fear infection from blood transfusions. This has led to surgical techniques and strategies that allow for successful surgery without blood transfusions. The writer discusses how this practice is spreading. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khjwbls.rtf

Justification for Preschool Vision Screening (2)
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A 4 page paper discussing the benefits of screening children for physical vision defects from birth through early elementary years. The paper accompanies a 10-slide PowerPoint presentation, which provides recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force urging vision screenings for children under the age of 5. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KShlthVisScrnPPT2.rtf

Karl Landsteiner: Outstanding Contribution To Medicine
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3 pages in length. The writer briefly discusses Landsteiner's discover of immunohistochemistry as it relates to blood typing. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCLandstein.rtf

Kinesiological Applications of the Spine
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A 3 page paper discussing kinesiology and the spine. Kinesiology also addresses the energy flows that can inhibit proper muscle function, particularly as it is associated with the spine. The goal is to allow the body to heal itself after providing conditions in which that can occur. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSbioKinesSpn.rtf

Kleine Levin Syndrome
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A 4 page overview of what is known about this extremely rare condition. Also known as sleeping sickness, KLS is believed to be associated with hypothalamic dysfunction. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPmedKleineLevin.rtf

Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Breast Cancer Screening Practices in Developing Countries: A Case Study for Ghana, West Africa
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This 10 page paper looks at the attitudes, knowledge and practice surrounding the screening of women for breast cancer in developing countries with a focus on Ghana and how these can be applied to Ghana. The bibliography cites 22 sources.
Filename: TEghanabc.rtf

Lance Armstrong: Winning His Third Tour De France
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5 pages in length. If Lance Armstrong has not succumbed to the seemingly insurmountable obstacles that have plagued his personal and professional life thus far, there is no reason on earth to believe that anything thrown his way at this point could influence the sheer fortitude Armstrong possesses when faced with adversity. Clearly, the Tour de France is as much his race as it is any other entrant with one particular difference: Armstrong has felt the glory of winning cycling's most prominent position and continues to maintain his quest for experiencing it for the third time. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLClance.wps

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - Case Study
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This 7 page paper discusses a case study provided by the student. The study involves a woman who had this particular surgery. Sections include: current health needs, treatment plan, support system and family dynamics, the environment, adaptation using Roy's model, evidence of patient's improvement or lack thereof, and a research question for further study. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PGlpchlc.rtf

Laparoscopic Surgery
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A 5 page research paper that investigates the topic of laparoscopic surgery, a form of surgery that is minimally invasive. The surgeon performs a surgical procedure through small holes in the abdomen, utilizing a small camera for visualization. The writer discusses this procedure, its applications and risks. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: khlapsur.rtf

Laser in Situ Keratomileusis or “LASIK”
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This 8 page report discusses the surgical technique most commonly known as LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis). It is the most promising and most effective surgical correction for poor vision currently available. With the LASIK procedure, the surgeon uses a razor-like instrument to gently lift a flap of the patient’s cornea and then uses a laser to reshape the area that has been exposed. That process of reshaping causes the way the eye focuses light to change. As a result of that change, the procedure corrects nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (presbyopia), and some astigmatism. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWlasik.wps

Lassa Fever
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This 5 page paper provides an epidemiological view of Lassa fever, from its initial discovery in 1969. This paper integrates a view of the disease and containment efforts. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: mhlassa.rtf

Latest Developments In Prostheses: Tutorial
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An 11 page paper. Artifical limbs have a long history, which some say dates back to ancient Egypt. The beginning field is attributed, however, to a French surgeon in the 16th century. This paper discusses a brief history of prostheses, the reasons individuals may need a prosthesis of some kind; the remarkable advances made since the mid-1940s and especially in the last twenty years, and the probable future developments. Interspersed are tutorial comments to help the student.
Filename: PGprosth.rtf

Lead Poisoning: The Threat to Children
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A 5 page discussion of the impacts of lead poisoning on children. This paper provides statistics regarding the extent of the problem and outlines the physiological and behavioral impacts which can result. The suggestion is made that, although the problem has declined with specific laws and regulations controlling lead in consumer products and industrial discharges, a solution the problem lies in a continued focused and well-funded attack on the last remaining sources of lead as well as an intense educational program designed to increase public knowledge about lead poisoning. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPleadPs.rtf

Leukemia: An Overview
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This 3 page paper explores etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this deadly disease. A 2003 study that shows a connection between pollution and the onset of this disease is touched on. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA346luk.rtf

Leukemia: An Overview
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This 5 page paper provides basic facts about the disease inclusive of types, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. New breakthroughs, and false hopes, are duly noted. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA215Lk.rtf

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
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A 7 page paper discussing recent gains in research, particularly that addressing the role of sarcoglycans play in the progress and form of the disease. All forms of muscular dystrophy are known to result from genetic defects, including the limb-girdle form. Research has advanced rapidly in recent years, but important questions still remain unanswered. Much of the information that has been discovered is interpreted very differently by various researchers, giving rise to the situation in which the increase in knowledge of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is gratifying yet remains inconclusive. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KS-LGMD.wps

Lipids
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This 7 page paper examines lipids, what they are and their constituent fatty acids. The paper discusses the chemical structure of the fatty acids and the various lipids as well as where they are found and their functions. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TElipids.rtf

Listeria monocytogenes: Controlling Cross Contamination in Ready-To-Eat Meats
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A review of the research that has been conducted in our efforts to better understand this organism and its threat to human health. Determining the appropriate level of protection from food borne listeriosis is complicated by a number of factors. These include the need to establish the maximum frequency and/or concentration of the bacterium in RTE meat at the time of consumption and the insurance of appropriate hygiene practices in production and storage. The author investigates the methodologies that have been employed to detect this bacteria and contends that more quantitative approaches are necessary. Bibliography lists 41 sources.
Filename: PPlister.rtf

Listeriosis
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A 6 page research paper that examines the causes, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of listeriosis, a food-borne infection that causes roughly 500 deaths annually in the US. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khlist.rtf

Literature Review on the Prevention and Management of Spinal Tuberculosis
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This 15 page paper delves into the history of the disease, its manifestation and treatment options. Attention is paid to infection control throughout as information about the disease and quality patient care is relayed. The paper concludes that successful treatment is usually in the form of chemotherapy or surgery or a combination of both. Infection control is highlighted and noted as a priority for schools, prisons and hospitals. How infection control efforts, along with treatment options, impacts the patient psychologically is also addressed. Bibliography lists 21 sources.
Filename: SA619TB.rtf

Literature Review on Treatments for Tourette’s Syndrome
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This 10 page report presents a literature review related to the treatment of Tourette’s syndrome. The DSM-IV definition of the syndrome is presented along with a review of six professional journals addressing the issue. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWtorett.rtf

Lithium In Psychopharmacological Drugs
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15 pages in length. The ever-progressing nature of medical technology has rendered the mental health industry a recipient of myriad psychopharmacological drugs that help patients afflicted with a number of conditions; from schizophrenia to bipolar and borderline disorder to depression, the extent to which psychopharmacological drugs have improved quality of life is both grand and far-reaching. One medication within this restorative arsenal – lithium – addresses several mental problems, not the least of which include mania, manic-depressive illness, depression, intermittent explosive disorder and mood instability. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TLCLithium.rtf

Liver Cancer
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A 5 page paper discussing the pathophysiology; diagnosis; nursing assessments and diagnoses; medical/surgical treatments; and nursing interventions in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Relatively rare in the United States, liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer in developing nations but is increasing in incidence in the US. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSnursLivCan.rtf

Liver Histopathology / An Overview
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A 5 page overview of normal and abnormal liver function and the determinants of the latter. Emphasizes the effects of alcohol on a liver and describes the effects of cirrhosis of the liver. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Livero.wps

Living With AIDS
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A 7 page paper that begins with data about the incidence of new cases of AIDS. The writer reports the names of the drugs that are frequently used to treat AIDS and some of the side-effects of these drugs. The paper also discusses the need for good nutrition with recommendations about foods to eat when dealing with certain complications. The writer also discusses the incidence of AIDS among middle-age and even elderly persons and the complications that result. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGaidsv.rtf

Loudness and Intelligibility
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A 7 page review and examination of various articles which discuss issues related to loudness and intelligibility. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAloudi.rtf

Lung Cancer
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This 5 page paper discusses lung cancer: its etiology, pathophysiology, medical management, nursing interventions and patient education. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVLngCan.rtf

Lyme Disease / An Overview
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A 15 page overview of Lyme Disease, its diagnosis, symptoms, method of contraction, and treatment. Includes extensive information about the ecology of ticks, the intermediate host of the bacteria which causes the disease. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Lymes.wps

Lymphatic Filariasis
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This 3 page paper discusses the cause, diagnosis and treatment of Lymphatic Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVlmffil.rtf

Lynn Payer’s “Medicine & Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France”
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This is a 5 page paper discussing Lynn Payer’s text “Medicine & Culture”. In Lynn Payer’s text “Medicine & Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France” first published in 1988, Payer discusses the radical differences in diagnosis, treatment and philosophy in regards to similar cases within those countries. What is interesting to the reader is that while all of the countries examined are considered to be “Western” cultures, in actuality, the cultures between the countries vary to a great extent as to the outlook and philosophy of medical practices. Payer relates a great many of these cultural differences to historical trends and the general philosophies of each country when in cultural context make a great deal of sense to the reader but may not have been considered when conceptualizing his or her own reliance on the medical community in one’s own country. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJLPaye1.rtf

Mad Cow Disease: Implications for the U.S.
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An 8 page discussion of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, the disease which made such a dramatic impact in the U.K. in the latter half of the 1990s. This paper details the etiology of the disease as well as threats to the human population. Considerable attention is paid to the measures which have been implemented in the U.S. to prevent impacts similar to those experienced in Europe. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPmadCw2.rtf

Malaria
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A 3 page overview of malaria. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAmlria.rtf

Malaria
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A 3 page research paper that describes malaria. The tropics abound with popular tourist destinations and one seldom hears of anyone dying from having taken a vacation in the Bahamas; however, this remains a possibility because of malaria. The following discussion, which first of all, describes malaria, indicates that this scourge, which Westerners inevitably associate with the past, remains a worldwide, deadly disease. The precautions that travelers can take against malaria are also described, before concluding with a description of possible treatments, as well as the hope of an effective vaccine becoming a possibility. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khmalari.rtf

Malaria
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5 pages in length. The writer discusses etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCMalaria.rtf

Malaria
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A 5 page overview of this ancient disease. The impacts of malaria have been widespread over history. Spread by the bites of Anopheles mosquitoes, malaria is particularly prevalent in the tropics. Its symptoms range from mild to severe and can include chills, fever, headaches, and sweating. More serious impacts target the kidneys, liver, brain, and blood. The disease can even be fatal. The author explores the relationship between malaria and sickle cell anemia. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPmalari.rtf

Malaria and the Issue of Who Should Provide Vaccination Coverage
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A 3 page overview of the economic issues surrounding vaccination for malaria. The question is presented that if a vaccine for this devastating condition was identified then who would pay for inoculation with that vaccine. No sources are listed.
Filename: PPmalariaVaccineWhoProvides.rtf

Male Infertility: The Factor of Workplace Contamination
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An 8 page discussion of the worldwide trend of dropping sperm counts in industrialized countries. This paper attributes that trend to contamination in the workplace and suggests a monitoring program to get the problem in hand. Bibliography lists 15 sources. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PPinfert.rtf

Malignant Melanoma
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A 6 page paper discussing this most deadly form of skin cancer, the fastest-growing of all cancers of all types in terms of new diagnoses each year. The paper discusses causes, treatment, prognosis and prevention. An accompanying PowerPoint presentation is available. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KSmedMelan.rtf

Malnutrition - Kwashiorkor
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A 10 page paper. Kwashiorkor is a complicated form of malnutrition in that the simple addition of food does not cure it. It is caused by a lack of protein in the diet and almost always occurs in infants and children who have been weaned from their mother's breast milk and given a diet of starches and carbohydrates with little or no protein. This essay discusses the incidence of the disease, the symptoms, diagnosis, the differences of this form of malnutrition, treatment interventions, and recent research regarding kwashiorkor. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGkwsh.rtf

Mammogram Screening for Breast Cancer
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A 3 page paper providing a flow diagram of screening for breast cancer with mammography and discussing the problems of accuracy. Mammograms have been less able to detect masses in dense or fatty breasts. Digital mammography has been shown to increase detection in women under 50; CAD mammography is much more accurate now than in the past. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSnursBrstFlow.rtf

Mammography
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A 5 page research paper on mammography. The writer details who should receive mammograms, its uses, and how it should be administered. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Mammom.wps

MANAGED CARE AND FRAGMENTED SYSTEMS
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This 12-page paper discusses managed care systems and their success (or lack thereof) of addressing fragmentation in the health care system. The paper also discusses advantages and disadvantages in terms of managed care. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MTmacafr.rtf

Management and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
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This 18 page paper examines a variety of risk factors for colorectal cancer. The disease is described. Genetics are discussed. Screening procedures are examined in depth as well as preventive measures one can take to avoid colon cancer. Various risk factors are addressed and the paper concludes that people should be screened for colon cancer based on their personal histories and there should not be blanket recommendations. Bibliography lists 25 sources.
Filename: SA622cnr.rtf

Marfan Syndrome
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A 5 page paper which examines the genetic disorder known as Marfan syndrome. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAmarfan.rtf