Pychoneuroimmunology / Psychology & The Immune System
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A 12 page research paper explaining and investigating the field of psychoneuroimmunology, the study of the inter-relationships between the central nervous system and the immune system. Introduced in the 1970s as a new field of study, many advances have been made in the field in terms of the effect of psychological factors on the immune system. Research has focused on numerous diseases, including those in the autoimmune category. The field of psychoneuroimmunology is still in its infancy, however, sufficient evidence exists to indicate that there is a very definite interrelationship between and among the central nervous system, the brain, psychological factors and the immune system. This is an exciting field with the potential to offer dramatic advances in the control of certain illnesses. This research paper offers a comprehensive overview of the field. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Psycneur.wps

Pyruvate Decarboxylase / Industrial and Medical Applications
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A 10 page overview of the enzyme and its functions. Emphasizes its use in the production of ethanol and the role it plays in the production of vitamin B1. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Pyruvate.wps

Quadriceps Strength & Osteoarthritis
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A 5 page research paper that summarizes the principle points from a study conducted by Sharma, et al (2003). The writer summarizes the problem, as summarized in the title, the principal objectives of the study, its methodology, results, limitations and implications. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khquadst.rtf

Quality of Hospital Care for Terminal Cancer Patients (A Literature Review)
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This 6 page literature review looks at complaints from patients and their families in situations where individuals are dying of cancer. Several studies are noted and anecdotal pieces are included as well. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA237cnr.rtf

Radiology & The Chiropractor
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A 5 page research paper examining the status and future of radiology with an emphasis on chiropractics. Specific aspects reviewed include: reading today's films and the possibility of error, digitizing, and computerizing. Data regarding the rate of intra-examiner reliability of cervical x-rays and the degree of acceptable error are presented. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Radiolog.wps

Radner's It's Always Something
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This 3 page paper looks at Gilda's experience with ovarian cancer. Primary, secondary and tertiary medical care is discussed as it respects this case. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA545GR.rtf

Raynaud’s Disease
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An 8 page overview of the condition known as Raynaud’s, a condition in which the small arteries in the hands, toes, cheeks, nose, and ears constrict after exposure to cold. This paper distinguishes between Raynaud’s disease, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and Raynaud’s syndrome. Noting that the cause of the condition is unknown and, in all, it is only a minor inconvenience the author emphasizes that when combined with another disease, however, Raynaud’s syndrome can be quite painful and under these conditions would become a public health concern. Concentrating primarily on nutritional supplements, a number of interventional methods are reviewed for Raynaud’s syndrome. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPraynau.rtf

Reasons Why Teenagers With Epilepsy are More Prone to Accidents
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This 5 page paper explores reasons why adolescent epileptics are more likely to become injured or killed in automobile and water accidents. A combination of factors are to blame. Problems with video gaming are also explored. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA019Epi.rtf

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: Chronic Pain And Depression
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A 6 page paper that incorporates and introduction, problem statement, purpose of study, literature review, independent and dependent variables, hypothesis and implications for nursing. The paper identifies the two types of RSD, describes and explains what reflex sympathetic dystrophy is, its incidence, some of the causes and the effects and the correlation between chronic pain and depression. Statistical data included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGrsd.rtf

Rehabilitation and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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A 4 page overview of the factors that enter into COPD rehabilitation The author emphasizes the importance of patient selection and program design. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPpulmoR.rtf

Relationship between Immobility and the Increase in UTIs in Stroke Patients
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This 16 page paper provides an overview of a study of the relationship between immobility in patients who have suffered from a stroke and the development of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: MHUTIStr.rtf

Relevance of “The Doctor” to Assessment and Appraisal
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This 3 page paper explains the relevance of the film “The Doctor” to medical students with regards to assessment and appraisal. Bibliography lists 1 sources.
Filename: HVHurtDr.rtf

Research Article Review Questions
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This 6 page paper provides an overview of responses to review question on a research article, entitled "Sex Hormone-binding globulin and the free androgen index are related to cardiovascular risk factors in multiethnic premenopausal and perimenopausal women enrolled in the study of women across the nation (SWAN)." Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MHTyrrelArt.rtf

Research Design Considerations for the Evaluation of Effective Management Regimes for Oral Thrush in the Oncology Setting
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A 4 page discussion of the various criteria which enter into research design. The author contends that not only does thrush present quantitative issues into the research environment, it also presents humanistic issues, issues which are sometimes more effectively evaluated with the use of qualitative verses quantitative research. A discussion of methods, methodologies, theoretical perspective, and epistemology is included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPthrush.rtf

Research on Ovarian Cancer
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A 3 page paper which examines research being done on ovarian cancer. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAovcc.rtf

Residual Antibiotic Contamination in Milk
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A 15 page paper discussing the origins and elimination of detectable levels of antibiotics in commercially-produced milk. Much antibiotic treatment in dairy cows is for varying forms of mastitis, some of which will run its course and then disappear. It appears that dairy farming is approaching the end of its hour glass on the widespread use of antibiotics, particularly in questionable applications. There is zero tolerance for any residue of antibiotics of any kind, and testing procedures are being developed that promise to be even more sensitive than those preceding. As testing for those antibiotics is more likely to find any detectable trace present, the importance of preventing any introduction of antibiotics into any operation's milk production also concurrently increases. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: MilkCont.wps

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia
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A paper which considers the function of respiratory sinus arrhythmia as an active part of the cardiopulmonary system, and its use as a measurement of vagal tones. Bibliography lists one source.
Filename: JLrsa2.rtf

Restoration of the Spirit as the Primary Element in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa in Female Patients
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This 150 page paper outlines a dissertation on the restoration of the spirit as the primary element in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa. This paper considers the overall problem of eating disorders in general and the impact that alternative treatment options, including natural health perspectives, have on the development of successful treatment for anorexia nervosa. Bibliography lists 30 sources.
Filename: MHanor46.wps

Review of "Newly Discovered Molecule is a Clue to the Spread of AIDS"
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A 5 page paper discussing newly discovered information reported in a 2001 issue of The New York Times and its implication for promoting understanding of AIDS/HIV infection. This discovery is that the HIV virus is able to attack the first line of defense against invasion, the CD-4 cells responsible for collecting invading particles and delivering them to the lymph nodes where the first real attack is mounted. This ability of the HIV virus to replicate while contained in the CD-4 cells effectively turns them into "Trojan horses" by the time they reach the lymph nodes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSaids-NYT.wps

Review of "Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and the Free Androgen Index Are Related to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Multiethnic Premenopausal and Perimenopausal Women Enrolled in the Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN)"
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A 5 page paper critiquing a research article for form and validity. The article can be said to have weaknesses in form in that it does not include a literature review and does not define the terms it uses. It still is a highly useful study that can inform patient care, however, particularly the care of peri- and postmenopausal women at risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSresArtRevHor.rtf

Revolutions in Science and Technology
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A 7 page research paper that discusses advancements and innovations. This examination of scientific creative innovation begins with the medicine and the penicillin revolution, but then looks also at the examples of creative revolutions that have occurred in the contemporary era and concludes with observations bout the way in which scientific and technological creativity tends to overlap. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khrevsct.rtf

Rheumatic Fever
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A 10 page paper which examines the issue, significance, agent, condition, morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of person, place and time, considering race, age, gender, geographical area, socioeconomic factors, occupation, education and cyclical or seasonal fluctuations in order to determine long-term trends that may influence future epidemiological research. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: TGrheufv.rtf

Rheumatoid Arthritis
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An 8 page overview of the etiology and treatment of this systolic condition. This paper describes the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis as well as diagnostic criteria and treatments. While surgical interventions, and even highly experimental procedures such as stem cell transplants are employed in some cases, by far the most common intervention is pharmacological. Although there is hope on the horizon, there is currently no cure for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PParthri.rtf

Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Elderly
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A 4 page outline of the major characteristics of this disease. The author identifies symptoms and both pharmacological and non pharmacological approaches to addressing this inflammatory synovitus. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PParthr2.rtf

Ringworm (Overview)
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This 3 page paper provides information on the cause of the condition as well as diagnosis and treatment. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA907rng.rtf

Risk Factors for Inner City Adult Patients With Asthma
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This 12 page paper examines the risk factors for asthma as it respects adults in the inner city. A research proposal is included. Various factors are discussed inclusive of but not limited to psychiatric conditions, obesity, pollution and race. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA438as.rtf

Risperidone / Risperdal
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A 3 page paper that describes what this drug does, what it is used for, the changes the drug brings about, and the more serious side-effects of this drug. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGrspdn.rtf

Ritalin: A Drug of Choice or a Drug with Long-Term Adverse Implications?
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A 6 page overview of the popular choice of using the prescription drug ritalin to treat Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Delineates the problems with this approach, problems which revolve around the questionable effectiveness of the drug and long term increases in propensity to use other drugs. Suggests that behavior modification is a much more appropriate choice in the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: PPADDdrg.wps

Robert S. Desowitz’s Malaria Capers
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In three pages this paper presents a text summary of Robert S. Desowitz’s Malaria Capers. There are no additional sources in the bibliography.
Filename: TGmalcap.rtf

Rosacea
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This 7 page paper provides an overview of the disease called Rosacea (sometimes spelled Rosecea). This paper reports the basics of the disease and the treatment options. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MHRosacea.rtf

Rotator Cuff Injuries
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A 9 page paper discussing the causes and treatments of rotator cuff injuries as well as alternative therapies. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Rotator.doc

Rotator Cuff Injuries / Conservative Care Utilizing Exercise
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A 5 page overview of conservative care for rotator cuff injuries. Emphasizes the appropriateness of carefully-designed exercise regimes. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Rotcuff.wps

Roy & Neuman Theories/Changing Expectations
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A 4 pages research paper that examines Calista Roy's Adaptation Model, which is an example of the totality paradigm, and Betty Neuman's Health Care Systems Model, which is an example of the simultaneity paradigm in regards to the changing life expectations involved in a diabetes prognosis. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khtotsim.rtf

Salmonella
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A 4 page paper which defines and details Salmonella. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAsalll.rtf

Salmonella
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A 5 page discussion of the bacteria found under the genus Salmonella. Includes information on their biology, their method of attack, symptoms and ways to prevent infection. Bibliography lists three sources.
Filename: Salmone.doc

Saturated Fatty Acids and Heart Disease: A Reconsideration of the Facts
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A 5 page review of the role of saturated fats in heart disease. Reviews the literature used to promote the lipid hypothesis, the hypothesis that saturated fats and high cholesterol leads to an increased incidence of heart disease. Discounts this hypothesis with the data from the initial studies used to support it. Concludes that although saturated fatty acids have some association with coronary heart disease, their role is not the direct correlation which was initially thought.
Filename: PPhrtFat.wps

Scarlet Fever
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5 pages in length. The fundamental composition of scarlet fever is that of a highly contagious, infectious disease. Caused by an infection with Group A streptococcal bacteria, the scarlet colored cheek rash is the direct result of a toxin released by this particular bacteria. While not all people develop a rash – severe or otherwise – it still remains the most telltale symptom of scarlet fever; as well, not all streptococci produce this toxin. For example, two siblings who present with streptococcal would not necessarily display the red rash of scarlet fever if he or she was not sensitive to the toxin. The writer discusses symptoms, cause, diagnosis, treatment and prevention as they relate to scarlet fever. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCscfvr.doc

Schizophrenia
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This 5 page report discusses schizophrenia which is most generally described as: “A severe mental disease characterized by illogical and confused thought patterns.” Schizophrenia is marked by the persistent presence delusions, hallucinations, derailed or incoherent speech, hugely disorganized or catatonic behavior, and/or the absence of feeling or volition. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWschizo.rtf

Schizophrenia
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An 8 page research paper that defines schizophrenia and symptoms, and then goes on to discuss rehabilitation options, preventative measures, medical treatments, therapies and nursing care for schizophrenia. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: khschizo.rtf

Schizophrenia And Neuroleptics: Atypical Versus Typical
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11 pages in length. Classified as a severe mental disorder recognized by such psychotic symptoms as thought disorder, hallucinations, delusions and paranoia, organic brain disease such as schizophrenia impairs virtually every aspect of one's ability to function normally within society. Treatment oftentimes includes a combination of medication, psychotherapy and social-vocational rehabilitation for the patient, as well as education and support for the surrounding family. Initially, however, antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs are prescribed as a means by which to begin treatment, with standard typical medications including haloperidol, chlorpromazine and thioridazine, and atypical agents including clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCSchz.rtf

Scoliosis: Chiropractic Care Verses Medical Intervention
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An 8 page overview of scoliosis, a condition in which five million individuals in the U.S. alone suffer from. Defines the condition describing its symptoms and typical treatment routines. Analyzes the literature for credible reports as to the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment for the condition. Notes the paucity of that literature but concludes that what literature does exist on the would appear to indicate that indeed chiropractic care is a valuable component of a treatment regime for this sometimes devastating condition. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPscolio.wps

Seborrheic Keratosis
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A 5 page overview of this dermatological condition characterized by benign surface growths of yellowish to black spots otherwise known as seborrheic warts. Asociates the condition with exposure to sun. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Sebokera.wps

Seizure Disorder
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10 pages in length. The writer discusses etiology, diagnoses, treatment and educational implication as they relate to seizure disorder in school-aged children. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TLCSeizure.rtf

Sepsis
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This 10 page paper discusses the life-threatening condition known as sepsis, and in particular, septic shock, and argues that studies of the disease have been flawed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: HVSepsis.rtf

Serotonin And Violence: Literature Review
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4 pages in length. The inhibitory properties of serotonin (5-HT) on aggression has been widely studied and deemed quite beneficial for addressing certain behavioral problems. The extent to which aggression responds to the presence of serotonin is both grand and far-reaching; that serotonin also serves to mitigate undesirable behaviors from other psychological disorders speaks to its comprehensive value in therapeutic treatment. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCSeroViol.rtf