Contrasts in Native American and Euro-American Culture
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A 5 page overview of the various differences that have existed both historically and in contemporary times between these cultures. The author emphasizes the differences in societal structure, regard for natural resources, and religion. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnaEur2.rtf

Conversion: Momaday, Robinson and Vizenor
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A 4 page paper which examines the theme of conversion in House Made of Dawn by Momaday, Monkey Beach by Robinson and Bearheart the Heirship Chronicles by Vizenor. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAaboop.rtf

Crazy Horse and Cochise: Similarities and Contrasts
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A 6 page discussion of two of the most remembered Native American leaders of the nineteenth century. Emphasizes that Cochise and Crazy Horse Cochise and Crazy Horse differed both individually and culturally. Contrasts those differences while drawing parallels between the factors which incited each man to military action. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPnaCrzy.wps

Cultural Conflict as Evidenced in Contemporary Native American Literature
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An 11 page discussion of cultural conflict as is evidenced in Thomas King’s “Green Grass, Running Water”, Leslie Marmon Silko’s “Ceremony”, Gerald Vizenor’s “The Heirs of Columbus”, and Sherman Alexie’s “The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven”. The author notes the underlying theme of the differences in the way the environment is viewed by Native Americans verses Non-Natives and suggests that in pre-contact cultures the villain in Native American stories took the form of witchcraft while in contemporary literature it takes the form of non-Natives. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPnaLit2.rtf

Cultural Differences and Similarities: The Aztec, Inca and Spanish
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A 3 page comparison of the cultures of each of these three groups. The time of the Spanish conquest of the New World was a difficult one for all concerned. Cultural differences accounted for the majority of the turmoil which erupted. The Inca and the Aztec were some of the first to suffer as a result of this turmoil. Their cultures were as different from the Spanish as night and day. At the same time, however, the precepts driving these three very distinct cultures were essentially the same as were their governmental structures. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPnaAzIn.rtf

Cultural Interactions in the Time of the Revolutionary War
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A 4 page consideration of the many gains that were made in interactions between whites, blacks, and Native Americans during this critical time period in American history. While there were great losses, both in terms of culture and in terms of basic rights such as freedom and property ownership, there were also many gains. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PPnaGift.rtf

Early European/Native American Interactions: From Columbus to Cortez, and Aztec Impressions
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A 4 page overview of the early interactions between Europeans and Native Americans. The author identifies the overriding goal of Spanish colonization as greed and relates the fact that that goal determined the manner the Spanish regarded and treated the indigenous inhabitants of the so-called "New World" as well as the way these people regarded the Spanish. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPnaClmb.rtf

Economic and Cultural Transformation Among the Morongo and Viejas Tribes
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A 4 page discussion of the benefits gaming has reaped for these Native Americans. The author contend that gaming is critical in self determination for these people. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPnaCas3.rtf

Ecotourism and Archaeotourism: Trends in U.S. Tourism
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An 11 page examination of the growing need for tourist activities which not only improve an area's economy but also serve to protect sensitive environmental areas and cultural sites. Presents statistics on U.S. tourism and dispels the societal misconceptions of ecotourism and Archaeotourism. Emphasizes these activities can have an immediate and lasting effect on our nation's varied economics and will go a long way toward carrying our precious environmental and cultural resources successfully into the next century. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPusTour.wps

End-of-Life Issues
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This 3 page paper uses a web site to help explore how Native Americans may choose to face end-of-life issues. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVEndLfe.rtf

English Colonists Perceptions and Beliefs as Applied to Native Americans
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A 7 page overview of early colonial interactions with Native Americans. The manner in which European colonists viewed the Native Americans whose lands they invaded varied both according to geography and according to time. The Puritans as a whole would proclaim their belief that all people were equal before God. Puritan proclamation and act, however, were two different things. In practice, race, class, and literacy were salient issues.
Filename: PPnaPuri.rtf

Environmental Contamination on Navajo and Hopi Land
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A 6 page review of the problems these people are experiencing with toxic waste resulting from the dumping of radioactive material and the environmental destruction that has occurred as a result of extensive coal mining. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPnaRadioactive.rtf

Eskimo Essays
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A 10 page paper discussing Fineup-Riordin's book from an ethnographic standpoint. Discusses the Yup'ik Eskimos from the various facets of their lifestyles: religious, mythological, and warring. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: Eskimo.wps

Ethnic Essays
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A 5 page contrast and comparison of two essays dealing with ethnic issues. The essays are "Crimes Against Humanity" by Ward Churchill and "For the Indians No thanksgiving" by Michael Dorris. Both of these essays are incredibly powerful, and both speak of the conditions involving Native Americans. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAchiefs.wps

European Diseases and Aboriginal People
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A 9 page paper which examines the affects of European diseases upon aboriginal people of the world. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: RApoxnat.rtf

European Expansionism: Intercultural Interactions Produced By War And Disease
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5 pages in length. The writer discusses how European expansionism culminated in war and disease for the Native Americans. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCexpnd.wps

European Misperceptions and Stereotypes: Racism in Native American Society
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A 5 page discussion of the reasons behind the racism which has existed in regard to Native Americans for the last five hundred years. Identifies Europeans misperceptions and stereotypes regarding Native American culture as being at the root of this racism. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPnaMisp.wps

Eve Ball/Indeh: An Apache Odyssey
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A 6 page book review that examines Eve Ball's text of the words of the patriarch of the Mescalero Apache, Ace Daklugie, son of Juh, nephew of Geronimo, the story that Daklugie related to Ball before his death in 1955 is an eye-opening experience to anyone who has never considered history from a Native American perspective. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khindeh.rtf

Factors Leading Up to the Pequot/English War of 1637
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An 8 page discussion of the war between the English and the Native American group known as the Pequot. Contends that the reasons behind this war were really quite simplistic. The first was the English desire for the land which the Pequot controlled. Equally important, however, was the English view of themselves as superior to the Native American people. The English war with the Pequot was indeed as much a reflection of the English intent to send a message of their military and cultural superiority to all Native Americans, people that they viewed as ungodly and savage creatures, and their desire to gain the resources of those people for their own colonists as it was any other factor. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPnaPeqt.wps

Federal Indian Policy
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A 3 page paper which traces the evolution of federal Indian policy from Washington through Jackson. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAindpo.rtf

First Generation Of Chinese-American, Japanese-American And Indian-American
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6 pages in length. The writer discusses the historic aspects of first generation presence including how, when and why they arrived, what they did for a living and how America has been both a blessing and a curse to them. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCFirstGen.rtf

Flood Stories Among the Toltec, Maya, and Navajo
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A 4 page review of the flood stories of these three distinct Native American cultures. The authr emphasizes that while there are distinct differences in detail, each of these stories share certain commonalities. Bibliography lists seven sources.
Filename: PPnaFloodStories.rtf

Forced Cultural Assimilation As Seen Through The Eyes of Three American Authors
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A 5 page overview of the problems which are inherrent in with policies of forced cultural assimilation. The author reviews Doris Goodwin’s “Wait Till Next Year”, Sherman Alexie’s “Indian Killer” and Mary Patillo-Mcoy’s “Black Picket Fences”, to provide a basis for the argument that forced assimilation causes more problems in American society than it offers solutions. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPassimi.rtf

Genetically Engineered Foods: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
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A 7 page paper discussing this topic from social, geographic and anthropological perspectives. Many are fearful of using genetically modified foods, but there is no real evidence assessing long term effects either good or bad. However, loss of the natural form is the functional equivalent of extinction, and we can never know when new insights or new technological advances will reveal benefits of natural life forms crucial to human survival. If the natural form disappears before those capabilities come to be, then we can miss out on benefits that can be integral to our ultimate survival. This is the point at which interdisciplinary considerations converge. Each has a different perspective, but each ultimately is concerned with loss of the natural form. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSgenEngFood.rtf

Genocide and Native America: A Reflection of Racism
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A 2 page overview of the attempts by Europeans to completely annihilate Native Americans and their culture. Identifies racism as the reasons behind those attempts and concludes that while they were almost successful, some remnants of Native culture live on. Native Americans continue to be targets of racism, however, till this very day. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnaGenB.wps

Geronimo
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A 10 page exploration of Geronimo, the great Apache warrior. Bibliography lists six sources.
Filename: Geronimo.wps

Governmental Treaties and Policies Targeting Native Americans 1830-1890
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A 3 page overview of a few of the treaties and policies that targeted Native Americans in this time period. The author contends that these treaties and policies were varied yet almost all served to the detriment of the indigenous peoples and to the advantage of the U.S. government and those non-Native peoples that government encompassed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnaTrt2.rtf

Greed: The Underlying Motivation for European/Native American Interaction
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A 5 page consideration of the motivations that characterized the early interactions between Native Americans and the Europeans that invaded their shores. European peoples not only took advantage of Native Americans but committed one atrocity after another in their attempts to prosper from them. The Native Americans, though initially deceived by the Europeans, quickly learned the lesson that these people were there only out of concern for their own gain. No sources are listed.
Filename: PPnaSpn3.rtf

HOUSE MADE OF DAWN
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This 15 page paper analyzes Momaday's House of Dawn for messages about imperialism and postcolonial stresses of hybridity among the Native Americans. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MBdawn.rtf

How Race is Depicted on Television:
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This 7 page paper examines the issue of race in terms of how it is depicted on television. This paper specifically examines the depiction of Native Americans primarily, and addresses their depiction in both news and dramatic television programs. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: GSPhilte.rtf

How The Literature Of Contact Can Be Literature Of Propaganda
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5 pages in length. Supporting the claim that the literature of contact can be literature of propaganda leads one to closely examine the very nature of propaganda amidst a significantly broader perspective. Propaganda reflects the attempt to distort or sway an individual's perception by means of deception; by setting the stage through a single viewpoint, authors are quite able to – and often accused of – employ literary propaganda as a means by which to impart a particular ideology or world view upon their readers. Probing two pieces of historical literature, one finds that certain issues have been brought to question concerning each author's approach. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCpropa.wps

Hugh Brody: Maps and Dreams
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This 6 page paper discusses the methods Hugh Brody used to write his book "Maps and Dreams," and how his combination of the scientific method and humanism produced a work on the Athapascan culture. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVBrdyMp.rtf

Image Of Indians In Aphra Behn's "Widow Ranter," Dionysius Lardner Boucicault's "The Octoroon" And Robert Toll's "Social Commentary In Late Nineteenth Century White Minstrelsy"
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5 pages in length. In traditional style, Native Americans have always been portrayed as having a war to wage with the white man. The world has come to expect westerns to depict the Indians in no other manner but that of arrow slinging, horse riding, bloodthirsty savages with little other depth to their heritage. One of the primary reasons for this misguided perception came from scathing perceptions in Aphra Behn's "Widow Ranter," Dionysius Lardner Boucicault's "The Octoroon" and the Robert Toll article "Social Commentary in Late Nineteenth Century White Minstrelsy." Instrumental in setting forth an image that would perpetuate through the decades, these authors wrote of experience they have been accused of never having, effectively detrimentally branding the Indians without due cause. Indeed, Native American Indians have long been forced to endure myriad portrayals of their impression upon history's landscape, many of which have been unflattering and downright inaccurate. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCimgin.wps

Images of Darkness and Light in Njabulo Ndebele's, "The Prophetess":
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This 4 page paper lists examples of images of darkness and light from this book and analyzes them. Furthermore, this paper explores the duality of values in this story, which is evidenced in the Christian versus traditional worlds portrayed. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: GSProtes.rtf

Impacts of Disease Throughout History: The Evolution of Understanding and Treatment
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An 11 page overview of the impact of disease on world cultures. Correlates the impact on traditional cultures and the way those cultures dealt with that impact with advances in modern medicine. Emphasizes the impact of disease on the Americas and specifically on the Native American inhabitants of the Americas. Describes common European diseases which either directly or indirectly impacted the Americas and our contemporary, verses our traditional, understanding of those diseases and their treatment. Includes a one page Roman numeral outline. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPdiseaT.rtf

Indian Captivity and Slave Narratives: Contrasts and Similarities
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A 5 page overview of the predominant viewpoints expressed in Indian Captivity Narrative and the Slave Narratives, two of the most important types of literature produced during the American colonial period. Contends that while both were concerned with the circumstances of captivity and the ever-present temptation of escape and overall issues of race, these two narrative forms differed in the type of propaganda which they delivered (Been, 2000). Indian captivity narratives, in effect, supported the U.S. government and the mainstream white culture. Slave narratives, on the other hand, were critical of that culture and government. Indian captivity narratives saved their criticism for the Native American peoples who held whites captive. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPcaptiv.wps

Indian Gaming
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This 4 page paper argues that while Indian gaming has been successful on two reservations, most tribes gain little from it. It should be restructured. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: HVIndian.rtf

INDIANS: TEXTUALISM, MORALITY, AND THE PROBLEM OF HISTORY
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This essay by Jane Tompkins is analyzed for thesis and the arguements that she utilizes in proving her main theme. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: MBindians.rtf

Indigenous Resistance to Colonial Rule in Latin America
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A 6 page discussion of the various forms of resistance which were launched by the indigenous peoples of Latin America against Spanish rule. This paper noted an impressive level of governmental and societal organization among these peoples which allowed both military resistance and political resistance. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPcolRes.rtf

Indigenous Status: India Verses North America
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A 6 page discussion of the social stratification that continues to exist in these two regions. This paper contends, however, that there are examples in both India and in North America in which the same indigenous peoples that occupy the lowest social echelon have banded together to make significant changes in the contemporary urban societies in which they live. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPnaIndi.rtf

Interaction Between European American And Native American Cultures
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4 pages in length. Given the proper circumstances, traditional Native American cultures could never have co-existed alongside European American cultures, inasmuch as neither one even remotely upheld the same attributes. The Native Americans lived their lives in accordance to a higher influence supported by their affinity with the land and its animals; theirs was a cultural existence built upon harmony and compassion. European colonists, by stark contrast, barreled through indigenous country with a 'slash and burn' mentality: To wipe clean any remnant of cultural presence that did not abide by their own myopic – and highly destructive – point of view. As such, there could never have been such a thing as 'proper circumstances' where the cultural rift between European colonists and Native Americans were concerned, illustrating how historical accounts of Puritan settlement were both accurate and inevitable. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCCultIntr.rtf

Intercultural Relationships in 'The Unredeemed Captive' by John Demos
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This 10 page paper considers this factually based book which examines the relationship between the English, the French and the Native Americans in the early eighteenth century. This is undertaken through the story of the Williams family, following the story of Eunice Williams who chooses not to return when her family are released. The paper considers the relationship between the Native Americans and the French in their fragile alliance and the Puritan behaviour of John Williams concerning his daughter. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEunredm.wps

Internal Migrations
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This 5 page paper discusses two internal "migrations" in American history: the "Great Migration" to Chicago after World War I, and the government-forced assimilation of the Anishinaabe on the White Earth Reservation. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVIntMig.rtf

Invisible Cultures
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Existence, like culture, is constructed from the experiences of the individual and is shaped by the physical, social, and political contexts of life as experienced by the group. This 5 page paper argues that Ralph Ellison in The Invisible Man, W. E. B. Du Bois in Spiritual Strivings, Leslie Marmon Silko in Ceremony and Amiri Baraka in Blues People each see the theme of invisibility from a cultural conflict based on subjugation, assimilation, appropriation, extermination and, or, dispossession. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTblkinv.wps

Iroquois and Boys Coming of Age
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A 5 page paper which examines rituals and/or ceremonies involving Iroquois boys becoming men. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAiroby.rtf