Rabbit Boss: A View of Ritual and the Notion of the Savage
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the book Rabbit Boss by Thomas Sanchez and compares and contrasts the anesthetic sense of ritual with the notion of the savage and savage acts experienced by the Washo and the migrating settlers. No additional sources cited.
Filename: MHRabbit.wps

Race Considerations in Gilbert Arizona: Native Americans
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An 8 page overview of race relations in Gilbert Arizona between the mainstream white population and the Native American population. The author presents the thesis that these relations are more characterized by misunderstandings and false expectations than by acceptance of Native Americans for what they truly represent in today's world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnaGilbertAz.rtf

Racial Issues
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This 8 page paper discusses some of the racial issues, both historical and contemporary, in America. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: HVRacIss.rtf

Racism in America
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This 5 page paper compares and contrasts two books on similar subjects. John Dower's War Without Mercy and Richard Drinnon's Facing West are discussed. The subject is racism by Americans and the books are about racism against the Japanese during World War II and racism against Indians, respectively. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA115rac.wps

Reaction To Colonizing And The Attempt To Conquer And Control Native Peoples
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9 pages in length. The French ethnohistorian Nathan Wachtel has spoken of the "Vision of the Vanquished" in context of American Indians and their reaction to outsiders and the European attempt to conquer and control native peoples. The ways in which certain texts engage the question of native response to conquest and colonization mirror myriad populations that have had to endure similar subjugation. Historically, the degree of resistance, along with the challenge's effectiveness to outside authority, has not worked in the natives' favor, ultimately hastening a strong dislike for those who choose to colonize on land that is already occupied by native peoples. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCamnat.wps

Reintroduction of the Gray Wolf
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This 8 page paper examines how gray wolves became endangered in the first place, what is being done to help them recover and the part Native Americans play in the recovery. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: HVGryWlf.rtf

Relationship with Native Nations and Native Peoples
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A 5 page paper which examines the unique position of Native Nations and Native peoples in the United States. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAnae.rtf

Religion as a Coping Mechanism: The Cherokee Indians, Religion, and the Trail of Tears
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A 15 page discussion of the problems which confronted the Cherokee people during the turbulent years leading up to the Trail of Tears. This paper suggests that while many Cherokee had converted to Christianity, their native religion undoubtedly continued to serve an important role in Cherokee culture and the way they coped with the growing white tide of those that would eventually force them from their homelands at gun point. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PPnaCRlg.rtf

REMOVAL OF NATIVE AMERICANS FROM THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
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This 8 page paper discusses the history of the Trail of Tears in regard to the Chicasaw and Choctaw Nations. History, brief overview, conclusions drawn. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MBnatammiss.rtf

Richard White's 'The Roots of Dependency'
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A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the life and work of White and reflects on the major themes in his The Roots of Dependency. White's book essentially discusses the subsistence, environment and social change among Native American tribes in his work The Roots of Dependency. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: Whitero.wps

Role of Native Americans
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A 5 page research paper that summarizes the political, social and economic roles that Natives Americans have played in both colonial and modern times in North and South America. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khrolnat.rtf

Romanticism and Realism in Galdos' Historical Fiction
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A 15 page paper looking at the Episodios Nacionales series by Spanish author Benito Perez Galdos. The paper specifically analyzes Perez Galdos' use of romantic and realist techniques, and concludes he has found the perfect balance to express the Spanish character. Bibliography lists eleven sources.
Filename: KBgaldo2.wps

Shamanism
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A 10 page paper which examines various texts/novels as it relates to the importance of the ancient ways of shamanism and healing in restoring cultures. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAshuu.rtf

SHERMAN ALEXIE
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This 6 page paper discusses the life and works of Sherman Alexie. Works specifically discussed include Indian Killer, Reservation Blues, and I would Steal Horses. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MBalexie.rtf

Sherman Alexie and Gish Jen: Dealing with Prejudice
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This 3 page paper discusses the ways in which these authors try to cope with prejudice, using Alexie's story "Class" and Jen's story "Who's Irish?" for reference. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVAlexJe.rtf

Significance of the Circle: Native American Ceremonies
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A 3 page paper which examines the significance of the circle in Native American ceremonies as it involves identity and an understanding of one’s world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAidntam.rtf

Silko/Environment & Self-Awareness
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A 6 page essay that discusses how in her complex novel Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko presents a conceptualization of the Native American process of individualization has being grounded in an acute awareness of humanity's interconnectedness with the environment. The narrative features a protagonist, Tayo, who has been traumatized by his combat experience during World War II. Throughout the novel, Silko focuses on the disconnect that Tayo has experienced between himself and "his mother," which, according to Native American belief, is the Earth itself. In order to become whole once again, Tayo must reconnect with the Earth, as this is the relationship that is primarily responsible for determining how an individual not only relates to the world, but finds definition and identity. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khscsaen.rtf

Sitting Bull: A Profile of a Lakota Leader
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A 4 page overview of the life of Tatanka-Iyotanka, a Lakota man who would become known by the English name of Sitting Bull. Born in 1834, Sitting Bull ultimately became one of the most influential leaders of the Lakota Sioux. He led the Lakota as they attempted to outmaneuver their most formidable enemy, the great flood of whites that had invaded their country. Sitting Bull was much more than a formidable opponent on the battlefield, however, he was also a holy man and a skilled negotiator. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPnaSit2.rtf

Socio-political Order of Native America: Relationship Between the Individual and the Community
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A 3 page overview of the importance of the relationship between individual and community as it existed among traditional Native American groups. Using the Iroquois as an example, the author contends that traditional Native American culture incorporated a complex socio-political order and emphasized the relationship between the individual and the community in many ways that could even be considered superior to European culture. Sometimes that organization and interrelationship even influenced European culture, and ultimately the United States itself, in quite dramatic ways. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnaDemo.rtf

Sociology and the Multicultural Individual
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5 pages. This paper focuses on a hypothetical person who is half Native American and half Caucasian from a sociological perspective. The paper describes her life, the people around her, what she does and how the sociological impact of being of two cultures impacts her life in general. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JGAnatam.rtf

Some Legal Aspects of Hoover Dam
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A 5 page paper discussing the federal government's efforts to reduce the sheep and goat herds of the Navajo Indians in the early 1930s in environmental concern about the contribution of silt to the reservoir that would be created by the Hoover Dam. Hoover Dam brought much improvement to life in the Southwest in terms of electrification, flood control, water availability and irrigation, but in many respects it did so at the expense of the Navajo people and the Navajo way of life, and largely with impunity. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSlawHoovDam.rtf

Spanish Administration in the Americas in the Sixteenth Century
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A 10 page overview of the way the Spanish administered their colonial holdings in the so-called New World. The author details the subjugation and exploitation the Spanish attempted to exert on the indigenous inhabitants of their new holdings. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PPspainA.rtf

Stereotypical Portrayals and the Underlying Theme of Capitalism in "The Last of the Mohicans" and "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
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A 6 page contention that the story revealed in James Fennimore Cooper's "The Last of the Mohicans" is essentially the same as that revealed in Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin". Both authors, although sympathetic to their respective characters plight, tend to employee stereotyping to convey their points which in reality is little different from the damaging stereotypical images we have held throughout history of both Blacks and Native Americans. While the characters have changed from red to black, societal oppression, aided by a stereotypical view of people who differ from the mainstream, is pivotal to the plot of both of these great classics. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPnaMohi.wps

Storytelling in Two Native American Novels
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This 5 page paper examines Ghost dancing by Anna Linzer and House made of dawn by N. Scott Momaday to see how these different Native authors tell their stories. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVLinMom.rtf

Structural Functionalist Themes in “Black Elk Speaks”
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This is a 5 page paper discussing structural functionalism in relation to themes presented in “Black Elk Speaks”. “Black Elk Speaks” as told through John G. Neihardt portrays several social and religious aspects of the Sioux while they are faced with their own destruction by the invasion of the white men. Black Elk, a holy man, provides commentary on the structure of the individuals within his own tribe through a vision he has which includes himself, all the levels in his tribe, all the men, women, children, warriors and the spirits of their ancestors. This vision and faith in their structure allows Black Elk and his tribe hope in their negotiations with the intrusion of the white man. Structural functionalism also deals with the evolution of social and religious forces which shape social and religious roles within a community and the slow religious transition and inclusion of the Catholic Mission into the lives of the Sioux allows for Black Elk as a religious leader to promote the cohesiveness of his tribe while remaining within the restrictive new laws of the country. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJNBElk1.rtf

Suicide Among Canadian Aboriginal Youths: Rates, Causes, and Solutions
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This is a 10 page paper discussing the high rate of suicide among Canadian Aboriginal youths and the possible causes and solutions to the problems. The suicide rate among Canadian Aboriginals living on reservations is more than twice the Canadian average of non-Aboriginals with the largest rate recorded for young Native males. Half the Native communities living in the Northern areas of Canada report suicide as one of the major problems in their community. The causes for the high rates of suicides among Aboriginals seem to relate to the historical treatment of the Natives which through the Canadian government’s attempt at assimilation, the Aboriginals lost ties with their traditional ways of healing and self-government and eventually the means to remain economically stable. These factors led to a high unemployment rate, overcrowding and poor sanitary conditions among many other negative factors which in turn led to an increase in the number of mental and physical disorders such as depression, and alcohol and substance abuse. Within the last decade, several reports from the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and other Aboriginal-based task forces have outlined possible positive solutions for the recovery of the Aboriginal communities which will hopefully reverse the high suicide rates. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJftnat1.rtf

Suicide And The Native American
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Native Americans are not culturally predisposed to suicide. They are, however, at high risk for suicide as a result of both social and physical factors. This 5 page paper explores a number of different factors that contribute to the high rate of suicide among Native Americans. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: KTindian.wps

Summary and Critical Analysis of Arthur J. Ray’s article “Fur Trade History as an Aspect of Native History”
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This is a 3 page paper discussing Arthur J. Ray’s article “Fur Trade History as an Aspect of Native History”. Arthur J. Ray’s article “Fur Trade History as an Aspect of Native History”, presents the reader with an alternative perspective in regards to the fur trade and the relationship between the Natives and the Europeans in early Canadian history. While Ray does not deny the Europeans exploited the Natives throughout history, he nevertheless presents an argument which suggests the possibility that the Natives were not “unintelligent” in their trading methods and indeed controlled a great deal of the competition and the quality of the merchandise traded through the Hudson’s Bay Company. Ray presents good examples and documentation from the 18th century which provides good evidence for his argument, however economically it is clear that despite the important roles the Natives played in the onset of the process, the Europeans nevertheless overcome the influence of the Natives negating most of the argument proposed by Ray. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TJfurtr1.rtf

Taos Indians Struggle To Retain Their Sacred Land
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A 6 page paper on Gordon & McCutchen's "Taos Indians & The Battle For Blue Lake"-- a work documenting the struggle that the Taos Indians endured against the U.S. Government in attempting to win back the rights to their sacred land. The courageous spirit of this inspirational group is praised and commentary on the socio-political problems they solved is analyzed. No other sources cited.
Filename: Taosbook.wps

Tayo’s Healing Process in “Ceremony” by Leslie Marmon Silko
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the process of healing of the character Tayo in the novel “Ceremony” by Leslie Marmon Silko. Through Tayo’s interactions with three of main characters in the novel, namely Ku’oosh, Montano and Betonie, Tayo is able to understand that not only do the white man medicines not work on Tayo but neither do the traditional healing ceremonies work on the modern Pueblo Indian as demonstrated by Ku’oosh. Montano teaches Tayo the power of natural elements in his healing process but it is not until Tayo meets Betonie, the modern day medicine man does he realize that it is the fusion of traditional and modern day elements that make the strongest healing regimen. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TJTayos1.rtf

Tecumseh’s “War”
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This 5 page report discusses the 18th and early 19th century Shawnee leader who attempted to create a “pan-Indian” coalition that could work as a confederation of mutual support and defense in order to protect the lands and indigenous peoples against the white pioneers moving west across the Appalachian mountains. In terms of the question of whether or not Tecumseh’s “war” could possibly have been won, the writer of this report argues that it could not. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWtecums.rtf

The "Discovery" of America: Roots of Racism in Native American Society
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A 3 page paper tracing the rampant racism which continues to target Native American people and culture to the concept of a European "discovery" of this continent. Emphasizes that although this continent and its people were very much in existence at the time of the supposed European "discovery" the mindset which was behind that concept has persisted and the result has been continued racism against Native Americans. Bibliography lists one source.
Filename: PPnaDisc.wps

The Algonquin
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of this group of Indian tribes which live in upper North America. Several variables are discussed inclusive of shamanism, land rights, language, art and history. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA302A.rtf

The American Indian Minority Student.
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(36 pp). Although the motivating question for this discussion was to examine those factors, which motivate minority students, in choosing to look at American Indian students, I was surprised that I could not isolate "motivating factors" for this minority group. It seemed illogical that any given group would be too small for motivation. Then I began to wonder if the idea of "motivation" is in accurate. What if motivation is a cultural assumption that does not apply to this minority group? If that is true, than a "western" definition of motivation would be applied to a group of people, for whom the concept was or is erroneous, and it would appear that the group would be then doomed to fail, in relationship to that definition. That is not to say that certain individuals might be self-motivated, or motivated by a relative. However as a group generality, that did not seem to be the case. The author continues to look at motivation in a cultural light in reference to educational needs. Bibliography lists 20 sources.
Filename: BBincled.doc

The Anasazi of the Great Basin
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A 16 page paper discussing the history and fate of the Anasazi, ancestors of the Pueblos occupying the American Southwest for a period of time measured in thousands of years. The Anasazi disappeared abruptly, however, in the 13th century. Investigation points to drought, but some researchers believe that the Anasazi committed environmental missteps that eventually led to their demise. The paper traces some of the early cultural changes, discusses the water cycle and presents results of research focusing on and Anasazi. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: KSanasazi.rtf

The Apaches
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An 11 page overview of the Apache people as they existed after contact with non-Natives. Recalls the tremendous pressures which were exerted on the people and the retaliations of men like Geronimo. Concludes, however, that the Apache only for their expertise in warfare, and indeed for only that particular time in history, is an injustice to their culture. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Napache.wps

The Aztecs and Cortez’s Spanish Conquistadors: Conquest or Colonization?
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A 28 page overview of the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Aztec people of central Mexico. Emphasizes the radical differences in cultural viewpoints between these two people, particularly their differences in regard to the use of natural resources. Notes that despite the obvious atrocities committed by Spain, and by men like Hernando Cortez in particular, many still question whether Cortez conquered the Aztecs or whether the events which unfolded were simply a matter of Spain colonizing Mexico. Concludes that not only did Cortez actually conquer the Aztec, he did so in an exceedingly cruel and relentless manner and he did so under the guise of colonization. Bibliography lists 24 sources.
Filename: PPnaCrtz.wps

The Black Hills: The Oglala Sioux Land Claim
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A 3 page consideration of the contras that has existed between the Oglala Sioux's regard for the Black Hills and the U.S. government's regard for the region. The Black Hills of South Dakota are a sacred place for the Oglala Sioux. They are also a highly valuable place from an economic perspective and are thus the subject of considerable dissension between the Oglala and the non-Natives that are struggling to control them. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPnaBlHl.rtf

The Blackfeet
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A 10 page overview of the Blackfeet. Provides historical information from the eighteenth century onward including specific information regarding subsistence patterns and ceremonies such as the Sun Dance and the Shaking Tent Ceremony, as well as contemporary population numbers. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: Blckfoot.wps

The Case Against Leonard Peltier
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This paper explores the Leonard Peltier murder case from all perspectives, focusing on the following: leonardpeltier.org, noparolepeltier.com, U.S. v. Peltier, the FBI's defense, Robert Redford and Michael Apted's film, and various other critics and commentators on the incident. Sections include intro, background, Peltier's case, FBI case, and the court case. Bibliography lists 13 sources. JVpelter.rtf
Filename: JVpelter.rtf

The Cherokee and the Trail of Tears
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A 4 page discussion of the injustices inflicted during the early nineteenth century to the Cherokee people. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnachertrail.rtf

The Cherokee: A Brief History and Insight into Their Culture
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An 8 page overview of the culture and history of this American Indian group. The author emphasizes that today the Cherokee, in many ways, are little different from mainstream While culture in the United States. They have, in fact, assimilated almost completely into that culture. At the time of contact with non-Natives, however, there were often substantial differences between Cherokee and White culture. These differences translated into rocky relationships between the Cherokee and the United States government, relationships which eventually resulted in the forced removal of most of the Cherokee from their homelands, the establishment of a government reservation for the people, and the separation of the nation into two distinctly different political units. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPnaCHgv.rtf

The Circumstances Leading Up to the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)
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A 14 page discussion of the many injustices which were dealt to Native Americans in the early history of this country. Assimilation policies, particularly those involving the taking of Native children and placing them in boarding schools or in non-Native homes, were particularly abhorrent. The ICWA is a step in the right direction for preventing the extinction of Native Americans as a whole. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PPnaChWl.rtf

The Conflict Between Native Americans and the English Colonists in the Seventeenth Century
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An 8 page overview of the conflict which erupted between the English colonists and the Native inhabitants of the Americas. The arrival of the Pilgrims and the Puritans to the Americans would prove the beginning of an insurmountable blow to the Native American peoples who inhabited the continent. This blow would waft across the entire east coast of the Americas in just a few short years. In its sometimes bloody and violent wake would lie a devastated people, the Native Americans. The stories which would unfold, although differing somewhat between the north and the south, would be essentially the same. The English wanted what it was that the Native American had and they were willing to kill to get it. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPnaEngl.rtf

The Creek Indians: Culture and Custom
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A 12 page overview of the traditional culture of the Creek Indians and how this culture has suffered after contact with Europeans. Outlines such customs as familial relationships, the importance of clans, and the role of women. Concludes that although the Creeks have been largely assimilated into mainstream White culture they have managed to retain some semblance of their traditional cultures. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPnaCrk.wps