The Middle Way According to Mahayana Buddhism
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This 8 page paper looks at various views of the concept of the middle way in buddhism according to the Mahayana sect. Various authors are discussed in respect to this concept. A table of contents is included. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA221mid.rtf

The Nature of Gender Roles in the Tale of Ramayana and the Gender Roles Found Today
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This is an 8 page paper discussing gender roles in Ramayana and those of today. The tale of Ramayana first said to be written around the year 1000 B.C. outlines the traditional gender roles in dharma. Rama as the male role model was obedient to his parents and faithful to his wife and eventually led an army to rescue her as would a traditional hero. Sita is Rama’s faithful and beautiful wife who follows him when he is banished in the forest, is faithful to him when she is abducted and obedient to him when he asks her to perform a test of her chastity. The tale has provided gender models for thousands of years and has also undergone various reinterpretations which constantly redefine the roles of Sita and Rama. In some versions, Sita is a strong and powerful woman who is humiliated by her husband’s request. Despite the different versions which exist, modern day Indian women and men and Indian communities in the western world have been found to have different gender roles. While many families still have “traditional” roles with the woman in charge of the house and children and obedient to her husband, still other studies have found that many modern Indian women today see themselves as independent professionals and in many cases, the major wage earners in their households. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TJRamay1.rtf

The Path of the Sage: Mencius and Chuang Tzu
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(8pp) How are we to attain wisdom? Which way shall we look for it? How will we know it when we see it? Do we have to be moral creatures, how will we know how to do that - the questions of the ages, have not changed that much, possibly it is all in the language or the presentation. We will consider those questions in the works of fourth century Chinese philosopher/sages, Mencius and Chuang Tzu. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBmncius.doc

The Relationship Between Craving and Suffering in Indian Philosophy
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A 4 page examination of how craving is addressed in Indian philosophy. The author reviews the four Noble Truths as well as the eight meritorious thoughts in completing this examination. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPindCrv.rtf

The Relationship Between Karma and Varna in Hindu Teachings
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A 5 page paper which examines the relationship between karma and varna in Hindu teachings. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAvarna.rtf

The Relevance of Buddhism Today
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This 6 page paper argues that Buddhism is an even more important influence in America than Christianity. Historical information about Buddhism is provided as well. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA732bud.rtf

The Rituals of Purification in the Zoroastrian Religion
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the various components used during the rituals of purification in the Zoroastrian religion. The rituals follow the teachings of the Aryan prophet Zarathushtra and consist of purification during death, menstruation and childbirth. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJZoroa1.rtf

The Role of Confucian Reflection in Early Poetry
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This 8 page paper discusses the role of Confucian reflection in early Chinese poetry. It touches on the similar role played by Plato in considering early Greek writing. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVconpoe.rtf

The Role of Women in Ancient Buddhism
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This 8 page paper considers the different ways in which the role of women is perceived in Buddhism. The paper considers the social background, the impressions given by the Sutra’s, the discrimination that existed in practice and writings, such as the Lotus Sutra, that indicate a level of equality. The bibliography cites 12 sources.
Filename: TEwombud.rtf

The Sacraments And The Evolution Of Christian Worship
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A 6 page paper that discusses the roles of the sacraments and the liturgy in the development of Christian worship. Topics discussed include the seven sacraments accepted by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches and the two that are accepted by all Christian faiths. Ages discussed include early Christianity, the Middle Ages and the present. The Anglican, Methodist and Roman Catholic Churches are emphasized. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PGsacel.rtf

The Similarities of the Ideals of Self-Mastery Found in John Cassian’s First Conference, Buddhism and Hinduism
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This is a 5 page paper noting the similarities between the Christian ideals and self-mastery as found in Cassian’s Conference I and the Eastern religions of Buddhism and Hinduism. Monk and Christian writer John Cassian (360-435) wrote two major collections of works dealing with the principles of monastic life: The first collection “The Institutes” deals mainly with “what belongs to the outer man and the customs of coenobia (i.e., Institutes of monastic life in common); and the other, “The Conferences” deals rather with the training of the inner man and the perfection of the heart”. The Conferences contain mainly the conversations between Cassian and Germanus with the Egyptians they met throughout their many journeys with the central subject being “the interior life”. Because of the nature of Cassian’s Conferences, the ascetic ideals within the works involve a great deal of self-mastery and renunciation often found through the act of meditation and his work not only influenced his own contemporaries and many of the later founders of religious orders but also is similar to the self-mastery which is found in some of the Eastern religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJConfI1.rtf

The Soul: Beliefs of World Religions
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A 7 page paper discussing the view of the soul in religion. All of the major religions of the world believe that there is a soul that continues in some manner after physical death of the body. Some attribute much greater activity to the soul than do others, but none totally discount it. The purpose here is to examine the meaning of the soul in African Traditional Religions, Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Hinduism. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSsoulReligio.rtf

The Spread of Buddhism and Islam in East and Southeast Asia
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This 9 page paper addresses the fact that Buddhism spread in Asia much more quickly than did Islam. Why Buddhism is more popular in Asia is explored. Relevant historical facts are duly noted. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: SA235SEA.rtf

The Status of Women in Buddhism and Hinduism
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This 5 page paper discusses the status of women in Buddhism and Hinduism and argues that women in Hinduism are dominated by the men in their lives, while in Buddhism they are very nearly equal. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVbudhin.rtf

The Symbolism of the Hindu Marriage Ceremony
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This 8 page paper discusses the symbolism found in the Hindu marriage ceremony. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVHindMg.rtf

The Tao and the Doctrine of Opposites
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This 5 page report discusses the Tao or the “way” and how it includes and embraces all that may be dismissed as opposite. All that is . . . is. Therefore, all that is not . . . also is. Taoism allows for an understanding that what is opposite is only a reflection. The sun is always shining, regardless of how the Earth turns and how one perceives the sun. Likewise, the moon is always shining. The entirety of both, supposed opposites, are what result in “one-ness.” Therefore, opposites support one another in their very existence. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWopptao.rtf

The Tao of Pooh
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A 5 page paper which looks at Benjamin Hoff’s correlation of Winnie-the-Pooh with the Taoist perspective on meaning, and how Pooh’s interaction with the other characters demonstrates the Taoist essence of being. One work cited. Taoism.
Filename: JLpooh.wps

The Traditions of Hinduism
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This 6 page paper examines the traditions of Hinduism and their meanings. To some extent, other religions are discussed for comparison purposes. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA525H.rtf

The Varied Viewpoints of Hinduism
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This 3 page paper discusses Hinduism and why it seems to encompass so many different religious viewpoints; whether or not these viewpoints have enough in common so that they can be grouped together in the Western category “Hinduism”; and whether Hinduism is a world religion or one belonging exclusively to Asia. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVVueHin.rtf

The Vedic Hymn of Creation
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A 5 page analysis of the Vedic Hymn of Creation. The author, using the information found in the book of Genesis as a contrast, contends that from a Western perspective at least the Hymn tells us nothing about the creation other than telling us that there was one. It provides nothing regarding the specifics of that creation or really even of its order. Indeed, we are led to believe that even "the One" and "the Observer" came at some point after the creation of the cosmos. From a Western perspective, therefore, we can not place much value in the Vedic Hymn. Never-the-less, we must remind ourselves that just because we do not understand what the Hymn is telling us does not necessarily equate to the fact that no information is being provided. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPvedicH.rtf

Tibetan Buddhism
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A 6 page overview of the main concepts of Tibetan Buddhism. The author contends that Buddhism stands distinct from other world religions in several key concepts. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPbuddD2.rtf

Trends in Hinduism
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All religions develop in line with social changes. This 3 page paper outlines some of the more recent trends or fashions in the Hindu religion. These include changes in attitude towards pride, increasing influence on the west, the development of gender equality, the creation of diverse communities and trends towards restitution. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEhindut.rtf

Types of Meditation
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This 5 page paper discusses two types of meditation: Theravada and Zen. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVTypMed.rtf

Utpaladeva
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A 4 page research paper/essay that briefly discusses the mystical principles incorporated in the poetry f this Hindu mystic. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khutp.rtf

Vajrayana Buddhism
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This 2 page paper considers the differences between Vajrayana Buddhism and other schools of Buddhism. The differences are described clearly and concisely. This is the fourth paper in a series of four papers. The bibliography cites 2 sources.
Filename: TEbudsm4.wps

Vedanta Hinduism/Buddhism & Greek Philosophy
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A 6 page research paper that addresses two topics (roughly 3 pages each). The first topic contrasts and compares Vedanta Hinduism with Buddhism. The second topic contrasts and compares ancient Greek philosophy with Indian philosophy in general. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: khvenhin.rtf

Vietnam Since the War: Buddhism in the New Political Atmosphere
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This 5 page paper examines Buddhism in Vietnam. One sect of Buddhism is the focus of discussion (Hoa Hao) but the paper provides an overview of Buddhism as a religion. Some information about the war is included. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA510Nam.rtf

Vipassana Meditation
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An 8 page paper exploring the method and history of Vipassana meditation, and then comparing it to other forms of Buddhism-linked meditation techniques. Sensation-based Vipassana therefore leads the meditator to the place where sensations – such as negativity – can be dealt with right away, having been recognized for what they are. Thus the Vipassana practitioner "sees things as they are," rather than as they appear. Seeing things for what they are enables the individual to make an active choice of whether to accept or reject the thoughts and sensations that enter his mind, thereby giving the Vipassana meditator control over his own mind. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: KSvipassana.rtf

War and Buddhism
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This 6 page paper considers the way in which war has impacted Buddhism; it also looks at the actions of Buddhists during the Vietnam conflict. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: HVWarBud.rtf

What is Hinduism?
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A 9 page research paper that, first of all, addresses the question of "What is Hinduism?" with the writer offering history and description of this major world religion's major tenets and texts. Secondly, the writer address how "Hinduism" is an invented concept that was propagated by the British to explain Indian spirituality. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khhininv.rtf

What it Means to Be a Human Being: Hindu Tradition
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A 3 page paper that examines what it means to be a human being in the Hindu tradition. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAhinhum.rtf

Why Eastern Philosophy is Good for America
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This 6 page paper supports the thesis that Eastern philosophies are not only here to stay, but they positively contribute to America. Mainstream religion is used as a basis for comparison. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA102Est.wps

Women in Hindu society
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A paper which looks at the role of women in Hindu society, based on religious texts such as the Laws of Manu, and considers the socio-cultural reasons why they should have a subordinate role.
Filename: JLmanu.rtf

Women’s Rights in Islam
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A 10 page paper on the evolution and existence of women’s rights in Islam. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAwis.rtf

World Religions
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This 200 page paper is a dissertation on the world religions, and promotes a comparative view on the major religions. Bibliography lists 100 sources.
Filename: MHRelWor.rtf

World Religions : Buddhism
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This 11 page paper presents an introduction and overview of Buddhism, including basic beliefs and the types of Buddhism along with the names of their Scripture. The second part of the paper reports a summary of an interview with a practicing Buddhist and includes an example of some of the holidays they celebrate and challenges in practicing. The next section compares Buddhism to the Baptist religion and includes the basic beliefs of this religion. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PGbdhbp.rtf

Yoga & the Eight Fold Path
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(3 pp). The Eight Fold Path, a basic tenant of Buddhism, is a strong emotional outline or framework , for the modern holistic health movement. Holistic health is a theory that believes good mental health is essential to good physical health. 'Enlightenment does exist,' Jack Kornfield assures us. 'Unbounded freedom and joy, oneness with the divine...these experiences are more common than you know, and not far away.' But even after achieving such realization, we are faced with the day-to-day task of translating that freedom into our imperfect lives. We are faced with 'the laundry.' Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BByga8fR.rtf

Yoga & the Eight Fold Path.
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(3 pp). The Eight Fold Path, a basic tenant of Buddhism, is a strong emotional outline or framework , for the modern holistic health movement. Holistic health is a theory that believes good mental health is essential to good physical health. "Enlightenment does exist," Jack Kornfield assures us. "Unbounded freedom and joy, oneness with the divine...these experiences are more common than you know, and not far away." But even after achieving such realization, we are faced with the day-to-day task of translating that freedom into our imperfect lives. We are faced with the laundry. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Bbyoga8f.doc

ZEN BUDDHISM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGY OF DAILY LIVING
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This 12 page paper considers the background development of Zen Buddhism, its spread in the modern world, and the key concepts as they relate to daily living. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MHZenPsy.rtf

Zen Buddhism And Westernization
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A 6 page paper. The writer begins by describing the origin of Buddhism, then moves into how Buddhism was expanded into different nations and the adaptations of the basic precepts. Each sect then took their own name. Zen is the emphasis as is the effects of the western world on Zen, especially on meditation and ethics. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGzen.wps