John P. Newport's 'Life's Ultimate Questions'
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18 pages in length. John P. Newport was a quintessential examiner; not only did he base his entire life upon finding out the truth of any given topic, delving deeply into its often soft and malleable center in doing so, but he also sought to bring this truth to the people by way of his insightful literary endeavors. 'Life's Ultimate Questions' reflects the epitome of Newport's unrelenting quest for truth, in that its fundamental objective is to both recognize and understand why the world harbors such a vast array of religious beliefs. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCNwprt.rtf

John Tyndall's "Belfast Address":
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This 6 page paper discusses the biography of John Tyndall and the important of his Belfast Address. This paper underlines the impact this controversial address had on a great many people and the impact which it contninues to have today. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: GSBelfas.rtf

Joseph Butler’s Concept of Benevolence
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A 6 page paper discussing two views of Bishop Butler’s pronouncements of the worth of self love. Joseph Butler (1692-1752) is a pre-utilitarianism, pre-Freud minister who took note of the concept of self-love as not only being morally acceptable, but as constituting a primary impetus for “good works” and benevolence. One of the authors discussed agrees; the other does not wholly disagree but fails to disprove Butler’s position philosophically. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSphiloButlerBen.rtf

Kant and Hegel Compared
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This 4 page paper compares the idealism of Hegel with that of Kant's. Ideas about transcendence, God and religion are discussed. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA319KaH.rtf

Kant on Good and Evil:
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This 10 page paper discusses the philosphies of Kant in relation to good and evil. This paper refers to his work "Religion and Rational Theology" and also addressed how Kant believed goodness could be restored from evil. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: GSReason.rtf

Kant on Religion and Morality
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This 3 page paper examines Kant's views on religion and how they are intertwined with morality. Examples are given. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA448one.rtf

Kant on the End of All Things and Perpetual Peace
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This 3 page paper discusses Immanuel Kant’s essays “The End of All Things” and “Perpetual Peace.” Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HV2IKant.rtf

Kant: “Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals”
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A 9 page paper which examines Kant’s “Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAkant3.rtf

Karen Armstrong's, "The Battle for God":
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This 4 page paper examines the premise of this author that fundamentalism has become a far more powerful force in the world due to increasing technological advancements that tend to obliterate the line between tradition and technology. This author asserts that many of the contemporary problems we face in our modern society stem from this disharmony between traditional conceptions of God versus modern reliance on technology and modernity. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSBatGod.rtf

Kierkegaard: Fear and Trembling
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This 9 page paper discusses his book and his attempts to come to terms with the concept of unquestioning belief in God, and what it can mean; he uses the example of Abraham and Isaac as his starting point for the investigation. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVAbrahm.rtf

Kierkegaard: Stadier and Confiniums
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This 6 page paper discusses the ways in which Kierkegaard's concepts of "stadier" and "confiniums" are important to his concept of spiritual growth. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVStadir.rtf

Kierkegaard: Sickness Unto Death
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A 4 page paper which examines Kierkegaard’s notions of doing good as it relates to Socrates’ lack of knowledge about sin and Christianity as is presented in “Sickness Unto Death.” Bibliography lists 2 additional sources.
Filename: RAkierk.rtf

Knowledge of the Existence of God?
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This 4 page pager is an epistemological argument for the existence of God. The writer considers the perception and knowledge that we have an uses the arguments of Thomas Aquinas to prove out knowledge to be correct.
Filename: TEgod001.wps

Knowledge, Will and Joy According to Nietzsche and Kierkegaard
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This 4 page paper examines these concepts according to these two well known philosophers. Similarities are noted. Differences involve the belief in God. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA521N.rtf

Lao Tzu and Taoism
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An 8 page overview of the philosophy of Taoism and the man to whom it is attributed, Lao Tzu. Lao Tzu recorded his teachings in the manuscript which would come to be known as the “Tao Te Ching”. “Tao” is translated literally to mean “the Way” or the “Way of Nature”. “Tao Te Ching” translates to mean “The Way and its Power”. The philosophy which would result did so in direct response to a number of social, political, and philosophical factors. Tao Tzu’s teachings, however, have managed to travel through time and to be reflected even in contemporary Taoism.
Filename: PPtaoism.rtf

Life After Death According to Noted Minds
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A 5 page paper which examines life after death according to Antony Flew, P.T. Geach, C.J. Ducasse, Robert Almeder, and Plato. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAlfdth.rtf

Living Buddha, Living Christ: a dialogue
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(7 pp) For Thich Nhat Hanh, author of the 1997 book Living Buddha, Living Christ, "religious life, is life." This book brings together decades of discussion concerning the thoughtful examination of the beliefs of Christianity and Buddhism, that Hanh has conducted with religious leaders as well as followers. He writes from the premise, "what would Buddha and Christ say to each other if they were to meet walking down the road?" Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BBbudhHa.doc.

Marriage and the Role of Women
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of the concept of marriage and the role of women through assessments of the views of St. Augustine, St. Jerome and a number of other writings. This paper assesses the substantial directives for marriage outlined in the writings of religious philosophers and the way in which these were applied in medieval times. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHAugJer.wps

Martin Buber’s “Hasidism and Modern Man” and “The Legends of the Baal Shem”
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This 5 page report discusses two of the works of Jewish philosopher Martin Buber (1878-1965). His writings all have something to do with what relationship the life of an individual, Jewish or not, has with God. Buber was convinced that people have the ability to approach one another with a spiritual connectedness that he referred to as “I-thou encounters.” In such encounters, each person finds “the other” to no longer be only an object or another thing and can, therefore, fully connect to another being. No secondary sources.
Filename: BWbuber.wps

Marx and Religion
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A 9 page research paper which posits that Marx’s theories promoted anti-religious sentiments. The writer explores Marx’s training with Hegel and various views on Marx’s treatment of religion. The writer explores the views of critics who believe Marx purposely left religion out of his theories for the purpose of not confusing the issue of creating a proletarian state, and other critics who view Marx as being anti-religion to the point of stealing ideas from religion. Of Marx’s theories explored are “The German Ideology” and the “Manifesto of the Communist Party.” Bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: cnmarxre.wps

Mill and Kant on Moral Freedom:
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This 6 page paper discusses the views of Mill and Kant in terms of human freedom. This paper examines how an individual arrives at human freedom and what that means. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSMorals.rtf

Modern Leadership and the Great Philosophers
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This 7 page paper provides an overview of major works of philosophy and their application for modern political thought. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: MHPhilP4.rtf

Monism and Pluralism
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This 4 page paper discusses the philosophical positions of monism and pluralism, and argues that pluralism is, overall, a more rational and appealing viewpoint. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVmonplu.rtf

MORAL ANXIETY THREATENS AN INDIVIDUAL’S SELF AFFIRMATIONS
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This 4 page paper discusses Paul Tillich's suppositions and theories concerning Moral Anxiety. Quotes cited from text. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBanxmoral.rtf

Moral Code and Kinship Obligations: A Comparison of Islam and Confucianism
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A 9 page discussion of the relationships that exist between moral code and kinship obligation for these two philosophies. This paper addresses four specific questions regarding moral code’s basis of legitimacy, the way that kinship obligations are subordinated to the transcending moral code, the way kinship obligations are incorporated into the transcending moral code, and the way the differing perceptions of the afterlife support the conformity to the transcending moral code. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPislCnf.rtf

MORAL NIHILISM AND EXOTIC DANCING
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This 4 page paper discusses the ethical dilemma of a girl pole dancing to pay her way through college, using moral nihilism principles. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBpole.rtf

Morality and the Existence of God
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A 12 page examination of the questions of whether God exists and whether man has an ethical objective and the authority to judge both our own and other's behavior. This paper examines the philosophies of Lewis B. Smedes and James Rachels as well as those of such classic philosophers as St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPgodEx3.rtf

Morality in Religion According to Hume and Aquinas:
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This 5 page paper discusses the idea of morality being based in religion and how both Hume and Aquinas viewed this subject. Furthermore, this paper anticipates and addresses counterpoints to their arguments. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: GSMorrel.rtf

Morality in the Thought of Nietzsche
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This 5 page paper considers a quote taken from the beginning of an essay on good and evil from 'On the Genealogy of Morality' and to understand how this reflects the views of Nietzsche ideas of self delusion and the need for differentiation between theological prejudice and moral prejudice. The paper explains this and looks to illustrate this with an historical example to support his view. The bibliography cites one source.
Filename: TEneitzh.wps

Morality without God
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This 4 page paper argues that if God did not exist, morality would still be possible. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: HVGDMorl.rtf

Mormon Christianity Compared to Catholic Christianity
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This 6 page report discusses the differences between Roman Catholic versions of Christianity with Mormon views of Christianity. The history of the two religions is briefly discussed, along with very brief histories of the religions, their primary beliefs, and positions on contemporary social issues. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWmocath.rtf

Nature in Lao Tzu's 'Tao Te Ching'
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This 5 page paper looks at the way in which this book, a basis of the Taoist path, perceives nature and mans place within nature. All the points raised are supported with quoted from the book. The bibliography cites one source.
Filename: TEtoabok.wps

Newman and Rousseau: Victorian and Romantic Ideas of Religion
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This 3 page paper discusses the Romantic and Victorian views of religion using quotes from John Henry Newman and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: HVNewRou.rtf

Nietzsche And Kierkegaard: Compare/Contrast
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10 pages in length. Philosophy has long been the shaper of man's world in the defiance of scientific proof. The extent to which theory has reflected the basis upon which much of mankind's knowledge exists is both grand and far-reaching; that Nietzsche and Kierkegaard represent two philosophers whose respective ideas share a number of common denominators while at the same time upholding their own unique stance on issues of God, religion and free will. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCNietzKier.rtf

Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil
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This 5 page paper examines this classic work, answering in essay format questions posed by a student. Concepts such as good and evil versus good and bad are examined and the way in which Nietzsche viewed the world is discussed. Morality and how the author looked at other philosophers are two other issues included. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA402Ntz.rtf

Nietzsche's Eternal Return
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13 pages. Many philosophers have attempted to understand and explain Nietzsche's meaning in his Eternal Return. There are probably more disagreements on his real meaning about this concept than any other philosophical argument in the world today. This paper will explore what Nietzsche could have meant when he composed this interesting notion, and what his underlying theories must have meant. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: JGAetret.wps

Nietzsche's Ideas about God and Society
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This 5 page paper examines Nietzsche's The Gay Science and his statement that God is dead. The effects of the death of God on society is discussed as well as the significance of the phrase. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA705N.rtf

Nihilism in the Arguments and Theories of Friedrich Nietzsche
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This is an 11 page paper discussing Nietzsche and the concept of nihilism within his work. German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) is probably best known for his works on nihilism; the belief that all values, truths and morals which have been constructed by man are baseless including those within the Bible. Nietzsche did not originally begin his work in the area in nihilism but throughout his own study and questioning of the theories of truth found in theology, the classics and philosophy which had always been readily accepted for centuries, he concluded that the eventual course of man would be that of nihilism. As man demands more answers through the field of science, many of the traditional theories and religious beliefs will be stripped away. At the same time, humans will begin to realize that they cannot meet the ideals of the invented truth and will not be able to transcend into that “higher world”. Despair follows and man must return to nature and a time of humanity where the invented concepts of “good” versus “evil” are no longer relevant. Beliefs are then based on the singular concepts of each person living each day. However, these ideas are contrary to societal beliefs and the basic structure of society and therefore society as we know it will be destroyed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJNietn1.rtf

Niklos Kazantzakis/Report to Greco
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A 3 page essay that summarizes and analyzes the main points from this text. Report to Greco (1965) by Niklos Kazantzakis is the partially autobiographical account of this famous Greek author's lifetime search for an understanding of God. Throughout this work, this theme connects various sections and underlies the author's purpose, which is describe his "ascent" toward enlightenment, which--while being far from orthodox--is both spiritual and metaphysical in its orientation. No other sources cited.
Filename: khgreco.rtf

Nothing Short of Miraculous: Background/History of David Hume’s Philosophy
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A 4 page paper which focuses on Hume’s disbelief in miracles. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TGhummir.rtf

On What Grounds, If Any, Does It Make Sense To Believe That God Exists?
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5 pages in length. Characteristic of humanity's constant quest for the concept of God's existence, the journey of understanding has come to represent myriad things to myriad people, ultimately rendering any universal explanation virtually impossible. The problem with such sought-after meaning is attempting to successfully pinpoint a single yet comprehensive connotation to its concept; however, this cannot be achieved as long as any two individuals harbor decidedly different interpretations. Upon examination of the foundationalists and nonfoundationalists (Descartes, Marx, Aquinas, Kant), one gains a significantly better perspective of these varying interpretations. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCbelev.wps

Pascal's Wager
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A 5 page paper which discusses Pascal's Wager. The paper provides a general overview of his wager, a brief illustration of Pascal himself, and then discusses two aspects of the wager, presenting possible flaws in his theories. Bibliography lists 2 additional sources.
Filename: RApascalwgr.wps

PAUL RICOEUR ON THE NARRATIVE SELF
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This 15 page paper thoroughly analyzes the ideas and theories of Paul Ricoeur on his idea of the Narrative Self, the influence of Artistotle on the development of his own philosophy of self identity, Mimesis stages, and counter arguments to his conclusions. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBricoeur.rtf

Personal Philosophical Views
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A 6 page paper answering questions such as: (1) will the future resemble the past?; (2) why bother setting and attaining goals?; (3) what are atomic facts?; (4) what is philosophical analysis?; and (5) does a belief in God rescue us from the existential predicament? Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KSphiloQuePersV.rtf

Perspectives on Death of Those Who are Willing to Give Their Lives for a Cause
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This 5 page paper looks at various perspectives on death. The idea that someone is willing to give up his or her life for a cause is paramount. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA322dth.rtf