Direct and Constructivist Theories Of Perception
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This 5 page paper outlines the direct and constructivist theories or perception, considering the similarities and differences and which, if any, may be seen as the superior hypothesis. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEpercep.rtf

Donald Kiesler and Outcome Studies in Psychotherapy
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This 5 page report discusses the work of Donald Kiesler in psychotherapy research. Kiesler points out that work in personality theory that is derived from the variety of interpersonal circles inventories is supportive of many of the personality theories that drive integrative models of psychotherapy. He also referred to research that does not recognize the importance of such numerous factors as the “myth of uniformity.” Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWkieslr.wps

Dream Analysis And Free Association
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This 5 page paper addresses two techniques in psychoanalysis. The writer begins by presenting a dream scenario as presented by a client and how the clinician might react and interpret the components of the dream. The second scenario is a free association session with the client's comments and how the clinician may break down the comments and interpret the thoughts. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGdrmf.rtf

Dream Interpretation: Alfred Adler, Sigmund Freud And Carl Jung
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15 pages in length. The notion of dreams and their elusive meaning has long intrigued those who have tried to unlock the mystery behind man's sleeping world. Adler, Jung and Freud represent well-rounded – albeit sometimes conflicting - perspectives of how and why dreams infiltrate the human mind during slumber, all of which have stood the test of time. Bibliography lists 23 sources.
Filename: TLCDream3Thr.rtf

Dream Theories -- Comparing Freud, Hobson, and McCarley
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This 6 page report discusses: Sigmund Freud’s interpretation, assumptions, and beliefs about dreams; Allan Hobson’s objections to Freud’s findings and his research into various pathways that lead from conscious to unconscious states; and, Robert McCarley’s vast amount of research and writing on the activity of the brain, especially in terms of physiological linkages that exist between consciousness and extreme mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: BWdrtheo.rtf

DSM-IV-TR Changes For Clinical Depression
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An 8 page paper that begins by explaining what the DSM is and what the TR revision was about. This introduction to the DSM explains the five axes of the manual. DSM criteria for depression are presented, which is followed by a discussion of the incidence of the condition. The writer takes issue and charges over-diagnosis. The essay ends with recommended changes for the diagnostic criteria. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGdsmtr.rtf

Eastern and western approaches to personality
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A six page paper which considers some of the similarities and differences between the western perspective on personality theory and the eastern. The paper focuses particularly on Jungian and gestalt theories as compared to Buddhism. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLeastw.rtf

Eclectic Functionalism In Counseling
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A 3 page paper that discusses the origination of functionalism, the eclectic nature of this theory and the major beliefs of functionalism. The writer ends with personal comments regarding the usefulness of this theory. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGfnctl.rtf

EMDR therapy
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A paper which looks at the development and use of EMDR therapy, and at the studies which have been carried out on patients with post traumatic stress disorder. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: JLemdr.rtf

Emergence
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A five page paper which looks at Temple Grandin's autobiographical work Emergence, which deals with her experiences with autism and the ways in which she learned to cope with the condition and integrate into mainstream society. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JLemergen.rtf

Emotional Intelligence
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A 6 page paper which considers the concept of Emotional Intelligence, with reference to the original research on the topic by Mayer and Salovey and the way in which the idea was popularised, especially in terms of education and the working environment, by Daniel Goleman. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JLEI.rtf

EMOTIONS IN HUMANS: UNIVERSAL OR CULTURALLY DETERMINED?
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of a research article provided by the student entitled: EMOTIONS IN HUMANS: UNIVERSAL OR CULTURALLY DETERMINED? This paper relates one of the fundamental problems with the article and considers the implications in terms of emotion research. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MHEmot66.rtf

Emotions – What Good Are They Anyway?:
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Emotions – What Good Are They Anyway?: This 8-page report examines some of today’s most hotly debated theories relevant to the origin, evolution and necessity of human emotions. Some experts claim that they are critical to our very physical and psychological survival. However, there are those of another ideology who assert that emotions are tantamount to the appendix – essentially obsolete. Bibliography lists 12 sources. SNEmotio.wps
Filename: SNEmotio.wps

Environmental Influences on Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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This is a 3 page paper discussing environmental (nurture) influences on cognitive development in middle childhood. Middle childhood, which extends from 6 to 13 years of age, is a highly transitional and productive learning period in regards to cognitive development. Children are cognitively leaving the preoperational stage which is primarily based on the relationships between symbols, language and the environment and enter the concrete operational stage which is concentrated on the concrete and abstract abilities of the child. During middle childhood, research has found that children need an interactive and supportive environment both at school and at home which provides cooperative learning yet allows the child to ask as many questions as needed in order to “mentally manipulate” information. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJeninf1.rtf

Erik Erikson
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the central philosophy, personal background, and key concepts of Erikson, including personality theory, human development theory, theory of psychopathology, Erikson's assessment instruments, Erikson's treatment/counseling approach. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHeriks_.wps

Erik Erikson Psychosocial Theory Of Personality Development
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A 7 page paper that provides a general overview of Erikson's stages of personality development from birth to old age. Erikson was the only personality theorist who discussed the importance of the transitions in later life to maintaining an integrated personality. Also discussed: the basis for Erikson calling this a "psychosocial" theory and the need to continually redefine one's personality and identity. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGerik7.rtf

Erik Erikson's Eight Developmental Stages
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A 10 page paper which discusses Erik Erikson's eight developmental stages and then applies each one to a character in the movies or on television. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAeriksontv.wps

Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theories
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This 8 page paper discusses different issues related to Erikson's psychosocial theories. The paper does not explain the 8 stages of development. Instead, the writer explores Erikson's philosophy, themes found in his stages, testing or validating the accuracy of the theoretical assumptions, how the theory, i.e., psychosocial stages might be used professionally and a report on the development of an Inventory to rate ego strength. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PGerkthe.rtf

Erik Erikson: Biography and Theory
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20 pages in length. Erik Homberger Erikson, born near Frankfort, Germany in 1902, was the son of Danish parents whose collective aspirations amounted to a tremendous impact upon better understanding human behavior. The foundation of Erikson's prolific influence upon mankind's developmental activities began in an unconventional manner by virtue of art and language courses when one might readily expect him to be immersed within the bounty of science studies more indicative of his ultimate contributions. His distaste for conventional education compelled him to glean a more worldly instruction as only life experiences can provide; as such, he eschewed formal schooling and went to Europe. Erikson's intersection with psychology arrived when he began as an art instructor for American children whose parents traveled to obtain Freud's enlightenment in Vienna. From there he attended the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute, which led the way for his entrance into America and ultimate status as the first child analyst of Boston; a position at Harvard Medical School soon followed with others at Berkeley, Yale and the Menninger Foundation. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCErikson.rtf

Erikson and Freud
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A 4 page paper which compares and contrasts the theories of Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAerifr.rtf

Erikson v. Freud
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A 5 page research paper that contrasts and compares the theories of personality development formulated by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson, pioneers in psychology. The writer summarizes their theories and then focuses on how each man regarded the nature versus nurture debate and moral development. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: kherkfrd.rtf

Erikson's Developmental Stages
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This 3 page paper provides an overview of the stages found in Erikson's well known paradigm. Attention is paid to meeting physical, social and emotional needs at each phase of life. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA550E.rtf

Ethical Issues For Psychologists
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For this 9 page paper, the writer was asked to create and discuss issues that could be viewed as a violation of the six principles of the APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. The writer begins by listing those principles for the most recent edition and the 1992 version and also by citing the APA that states these principles are aspirational goals. The writer then reports brief descriptions of issues that could be perceived as violating those principles and what the psychologist who observes the issue should do about it. 1 Table is included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGapaeth3.rtf

Ethics in Psychotherapy
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A 20 page paper. This paper is a modification of PGthfrn.rtf. This research paper includes court cases in which therapists have been charged with misconduct, often breach of confidentiality. Additionally, this paper includes a section on repressed memory therapy and the damage it has caused. Ethics or lack thereof are interspersed throughout the paper. Tutorial comments are also included. Bibliography lists 21 sources.
Filename: PGETH2R.wps

Existential, Client-Centered And Gestalt Therapies
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An 8 page paper that discusses how existential theory influenced client-centered and Gestalt therapies. The writer approaches the issue by describing each approach to therapy and then pointing out the similarities and differences with a focus on the concepts of existential therapy that are found in each of the others. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGext08.RTF

Experimental and psychodynamic approaches to the study of groups
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A paper which considers the advantages and disadvantages of two approaches to the study of groups, within the context of social psychology, and concludes that there are valid reasons for the employment of both methodologies. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: JLgroups.rtf

Factors Influencing Personality
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A 5 page analysis of the many factors which can influence personality and the degree to which personality either stays stable or varies over time. While there is undoubtedly a connection between genetics and personality, a far more important determinant is culture and the manner and degree to which an individual interacts with others. It can be proposed, in fact, that the degree to which an individual’s personality changes over time is determined by such factors as social interaction, experiences, and sometimes even disease or the use of drugs or alcohol. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPpersn2.rtf

FALSE MEMORIES
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This 4-page paper offers a discussion of false memories, in other words, memories "suggested" by psychological and therapeutic professionals, rather than the real memories that might have occurred. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTfalmem.rtf

FAMILY CONSTELLATIONS AND COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
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This 8-page paper is a summary on Love's Hidden Symmetry by Bert Hellinger. The essay discusses Hellinger's theories, than compares those theories with the collective unconscious theory, as introduced by Carl Jung. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MTfamunc.rtf

Family Systems Theory
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An 8 page overview of this groundbreaking theory in mental health. This paper delineates the major constructs of this theory and emphasizes its importance in restoring healthy family function. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPfamilysystems.rtf

Forensic Psychology
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A 10 page discussion of the history and evolution of forensic psychology. Details the arenas within which this discipline is active, emphasizing its importance in practically every aspect of law enforcement and the judicial process. Maintains that while the field has evolved to incorporate detailed criteria and procedures, there is a high probability of variation as to the opinion and recommendation of any two forensic psychologists. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPcrmPsy.wps

Forgiveness and Reconciliation
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This 4 page paper provides an overview of the issue of forgiveness and reconciliation for two warring factions of a fictional country, Kundu. This paper outlines the theories put forth by two psychologists, who relate the need for the goal of reconciliation in inciting forgiveness. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: MHForgi3.rtf

Four Varied Psychological Topics
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This 14 page paper addresses four diverse topics. The first is perceptual systems and how we might avoid misinterpretation. An example is provided. The second is a brief discussion of Freud's and Hobson's dream interpretation theories. A 'dream' is recounted with the writer discussing how each theorist might interpret it. The third topic is creativity and intelligence. Each is first briefly defined. The discussion then centers on how creative thinking and brainstorming might be used to solve a problem. The fourth topic is Maslow's Peak Experience. His hierarchy is identified with a longer description of the self-actualized person. An example of a peak experience is reported. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PG4psych4.rtf

Frankl's Man's Search For Meaning
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This 5 page paper explores the meaning of the phrase, He who has a 'why' to live can bear almost any 'how'" from the perspective of Victor Frankl's book, Man's Search For Meaning. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTfrankl.wps

Freud & Jung / The Conscious & The Unconscious
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A 10 page paper discussing the differences between the theories of Freud and Jung as they relate to the conscious and unconscious. The writer takes the position that Freud's are easier to understand but that does not make them more valid than Jung's. The writer also reports recent work that supports both theorists concepts. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Conscio.wps

Freud & Rogers on "Hidden" Personality
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A 4 pages research paper that discusses the personality theories of Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers, relative to the part of personality that each theorist felt was "hidden," or suppressed. The writer argues that Freud sees human personality as a construct that is built atop basic instinctual behavior that has to be controlled, with personality resulting from compromises that are made between instinctual urges and social demands. Rogers feels that personality, that is, the "self," results from interactions between the person as an organism and the environment, with the individual motivated by a drive toward personal actualization. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khfrgers.rtf

Freud -- The Interpretation of Dreams
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This 5 page paper discusses this historic and ground-breaking book by Freud. The writer provides specific examples of dreams Freud considered to be typical as well as a brief list of symbolic objects found in dreams and what they mean.
Filename: Dreamint.wps

Freud : The Costs of Civilization
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A 5 page paper which looks at the costs of civilization according to Freud’s Civilization and its Discontents. Topics include Eros and the Death Instinct, id, ego and superego, and the phenomenon of oceanic feeling. Bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: JLfreud.wps

Freud and Disease
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A 7 page discussion of Sigmund Freud's views on mental illness. Encapsulates his belief that the outward manifestation of all mental illness revolves around our inner savagery or repressed sexuality. Contrasts this belief with the modern belief that mental illness is a biochemical malfunction and addresses the question as to whether disease has a function. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPdiseas.wps

Freud And Dream Interpretation
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5 pages in length. In "Interpretation of Dreams," Sigmund Freud suggests many revolutionary theories that later become the cornerstone of his fundamental principles. Of all the issues addressed in his book, one of the most significant comes in the form of inquiries: What is mind? Do we have completely control of our actions? Do we really know ourselves? After posing these questions, the author turns his attention toward a more philosophical concern wondering that if we cannot even control our actions, are we still responsible for what transpires? Freud is effective in validating that the moral nature of man persists even in dreams. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCFreud.rtf

Freud and Fun
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(5 pp) According to Boynton (2000) Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis has been challenged and revised from the moment it was conceived. What, we might now read as outrageous fiction, has become the fodder of light-night talk shows which perhaps is damning enough. This discussion will focus on some of Freud's creative ideas concerning the human psyche, and see where they stand today. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BBfreud.doc

Freud And Gender Identity
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9 pages in length. Freud's theories have catapulted this historic thinker to such tremendous heights within the psychological community that he often occupies these lofty levels without having to share the space. Granted, this status may have been the result of his contemporaries either loving or hating his somewhat obscure human development philosophies, but he remains at the forefront of modern theoretical thought nonetheless. One of Freud's most debated theories is that of gender identity about which he elaborates through his Oedipus and Electra Complexes; however, as with all his other theories, this one is not without those who question the simplistic nature of his assertion. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCFreudGndr.rtf

Freud and Human Nature.
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(5 pp) according to Freud (1930) human nature is "the struggle between Eros and Death, between the instinct of life and the instinct of destruction, as it works itself out in the human species. This struggle is what all life essentially consists of, and the evolution of civilization may therefore be described as the struggle for life of the human species. He adds that the sense of guilt is the most important problem in the development of civilization’ and that ‘the price we pay for our advance in civilization is a loss of happiness through the heightening of the sense of guilt’ Personal responses to this statement are given. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBfrhuN.doc

Freud and Jung
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A 5 page paper which compares and contrasts Freud's "Civilization and its Discontents" and Jung's "The Undiscovered Self." No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAfrdjng.rtf

FREUD AND LIFE SPANS
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This paper examines Freud's theories on life spans, and how they pertain to development of the child into a human being. Freud postulated the theory that intervention with any of the life spans could mean problems as an adult. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MTlifesp.rtf