The Kinesiology Of Bowling
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A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the kinesiology of bowling, including a look at the sagittal view, extension, flexing, eccentric and concentric movements, and the relationship between the bones and muscles during the game. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Bowling2.doc

Research Proposal
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A 6 page paper proposing a research project designed to discover some of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis resulting from the influence of rheumatoid factor. Early research discovered elevated levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in patients seropositive for rheumatoid arthritis, but it was not known if there was any relation between the presence of these IgG substances and the presentation of rheumatoid arthritis. It has since been established that IgG, as well as other dimers of Ig have some primary role in either the development or the advance of the disease, and it is believed that the role has at least some causative effect. The purpose of this proposed research is to attempt to discover what that effect might be. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Rearthr.wps

The Theory of Evolution: Fact or Fairy Tale?
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This 6 page paper provides a substantive overview of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution as it has been applied in contrast to Christianity’s notion of creationism, and then relates these elements to the argument that the Darwinian based concept of evolution is essentially a myth. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MHDarwin.wps

"Green Tea Extract Boosts Exercise Endurance": A Critique of Experimental Design and Findings
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A 3 page critique of a research study conducted by researchers at the Biological Sciences Laboratories of Kao Corp., Tochigi, Japan. This study reports a correlation with green tea consumption and improved physical endurance. The author of this paper points out some important considerations in regard to experimental design and the researcher's affiliation that make these findings less impressive. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPteaHlt.rtf

Aaron Antonovsky/Unraveling the mystery of health
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A 5 page analysis of Aaron Antonovsky's book Unraveling the Mystery of Health: how people manage stress and stay well. In this book, Antonovsky presents an alternative way of looking at health, which instead of emphasizing the origins of disease, takes a different stance, and focuses on how health can be maintained. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 99antsky.rtf

Acid Tolerance in Streptococcus mutans
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A 14 page discussion of the physiological mechanism employed by this species of oral bacteria which allow it to exist in the rapidly fluctuating pH levels of the human mouth. The author details how the cellular membrane of the organism is critical in this process, selectively allowing protons to pass out of the cell and preventing them from passing into the cell. This ability allows S. mutans a selective advantage. Acidogenicity (the ability to generate acid) and acidurance (the ability to function in an acidic environment) are the primary physiological traits of this organism which make it such an important factor in the production of dental caries as well. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPstrept.rtf

Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading
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A 2 1/2 page paper which discusses various aspects of the article "Activation of the Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading" by Gemma A. Calvert, Edward T. Bullmore, Michael J. Brammer, Ruth Campbell, Steven C. R. Williams, Philip K. McGuire, Peter W. R. Woodruff, Susan D. Iverson, and Anthony S. David. The paper analyzes the argument, the evidence, and the reasoning presented in the research article. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAliprfax.wps

Adarand v. Pena
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of the Supreme Court case of Adarand v. Pena. The case of Adarand v. Pena (1995) underscores some of the central arguments both for and against affirmative action initiatives, and provides some insight into the conflicts that have arisen from seeking affirmative action initiatives in particular situations. This case also suggests the underlying reasons for changes in affirmative action policies in recent years. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHAdaran.rtf

Ageing
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An overview of the phenomenon of ageing from a biochemical perspective, looking at the programmed and random damage theories and the ways in which these might be approached in order to take into account both genetic and stochastic causes of ageing. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLageing.rtf

Aging and Cognitive Development: Maintaining Mental Agility
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A 6 page discussion of the relationship between cognitive function and age. In the past a consensus has existed in the scientific community that declines in cognitive function is an irreversible impact of age, that mental frailty is an inevitable part of late adulthood. Today, however, developmentalists seem to be altering this attitude to one which recognizes that an individual’s participation in certain activities can have a positive impact on the retention of mental agility. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPeldCog.rtf

Alkaline Phosphatase
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3 pages in length. The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is created in three places throughout the body: placenta, liver and bone. Bone growth and bile reflect the two locations where ALP is measured at its highest level. When bodily injuries occur, ALP is dispatched to aid in the healing process; additionally, it helps with the formation of bone during the growing process and aids in the fetal development during pregnancy. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCAlkaline.rtf

An Article on Brain Research
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of an article on brain research. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MHBraArt.rtf

Anatomy Of The Shoulder
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A detailed, 11 page look at the shoulder's anatomy, and some of the injuries that can occur from common activities such as throwing and general overextension. Techniques for treatment and care of the shoulder are presented. Also useful to those studying sports & sports medicine. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Shouanat.wps

Annotated Book Reviews: “Why Do They Act That Way?” and “Phantoms in the Brain”
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A 6 page paper which provides and annotated bibliography and book review of David Walsh’s “Why Do They Act That Way?” and V.S. Ramachandran. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAnnn.rtf

Areal Segregation of Face-Processing Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex
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A 2 1/2 page paper which discusses aspects of the research article "Areal Segregation of Face-Processing Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex" by Seamas P. O Scalaidhe, Fraser A. W. Wilson, and Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic. The aspects analyzed are the argument, the evidence, and the reasoning presented in the article. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAarealfax.wps

Arteries Structure and Protection from Narrowing
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A 5 page paper discussing the structure of artery walls followed by assessment of nutritional and life style influences on preserving interior diameter. The paper discusses the influence that cholesterol, obesity, exercise and smoking have on narrowing internal diameter. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSarteries.rtf

Biochemistry Of Exercise
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11 pages in length. Exercise, along with proper nutrition and an otherwise healthful lifestyle, helps make the body and mind a sound working relationship. Not many people stop to consider the physiological implications of exercise beyond their muscular appearance and heart performance, yet there are myriad considerations to be made when it comes to understanding just how the body functions while exercising. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: TLCbioex.rtf

Biodiversity in the Animal Kingdom
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the process of biodiversity as it is maintained in the animal kingdom. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MHBioDiv.rtf

Birth Order Theory
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Despite the fact that research findings on birth order theory are contradictory and inconclusive, many researchers continue to believe that birth order is one of the most significant indicators of personal development. The question first arose in 1920 when Alfred Adler published his definitive study indicating that quantifiable personality differences occur in people because of their birth order. It remains viable today. Bibliography lists 4 sources. jvBirOrd.rtf
Filename: jvBirOrd.rtf

Body temperature regulation
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A five page paper which looks at the way in which warm-blooded creatures, especially human beings, utilise complex physiological mechanisms in order to maintain their body temperature within a comparatively narrow optimum range. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JLbodytemp.rtf

Brain Research and its Applicability to Learning
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A 5 page overview of the latest research on the brain and how this research applies to learning. Notes the findings of three authors in particular who are instrumental in summarizing the scientific information into a format which is useful to educators. These authors are Eric Jensen, Marian Diamond, and Robert Sylwester. Emphasizes that learning occurs though an individual being cognizant of his or her environment and gaining knowledge from that environment. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPedBrai.wps

Brain Research and Technology in the Classroom
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A 4 page paper discussing some of the discoveries of recent brain research and how that information can be used in the classroom, specifically how teachers can use technology to take advantage of students’ specific stage of brain development. The bottom line is that the use of technology not only can assist in maximizing the benefit a child receives while in a specific state of brain development, it also can be used to signal the teacher that the same child may be moving into the next developmental stage, and that it is time that his lessons be altered. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: KSeduBrainRes.rtf

Canine Hip Dysplasia
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6 pages in length. Canine hip dysplasia is a condition that can strike any dog but is significantly more prevalent in a handful of breeds, such as the golden retriever, German shepherds, Labradors and Rottweilers. Dogs afflicted with the genetically-induced joint problem experience excruciating pain in their hind end as the hip sockets become deformed and improperly aligned. The writer discusses etiology and treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCdyspl.wps

Canine Oral Spirochetes
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A 12 page overview of canine oral spirochetes, concentrating on Treponema denticola, Treponemapectinovorum, and Treponema maltophilum. Notes that although oral microflora cannot be held solely responsible for the presence or absence of periodontal disease and associated conditions, thesemicroflora do manifest differently in healthy verses diseased tissue. This observation is true both in the species which are present and in what concentrations they are present. Suggests laboratory methodologyfor qualifying and quantifying their presence, as well as linking thatpresence to periodontal disease. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PPspiroc.wps

Cardiac Action Potential
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A 9 page discussion of the importance of cardiac action potential. The author describes the physiological function of cardiac action potential and emphasizes that it can be impacted by a number of factors such as individual genetics, drugs, and conditions such as diabetes. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPcrdAct.rtf

Catecholamine Secretion
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A page overview of the complexity of mechanisms involved in the secretion of catecholamine hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline). This paper emphasizes the importance of the chromaffin cells of the the adrenal medulla. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPchroma.rtf

Cell Structure
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An 8 page overview of cellular structure. Defines a cell and distinguishes between plant and animal cells. List the major cellular components and describes their structure and function. Includes a Roman Numeral outline. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPcellSt.wps

Chameleons: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Ecology
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A 5 page overview of the group of animals we know as chameleons. The author provides a specific phylogenetic classification of these animals from Kingdom to Species, noting the similarities in evolutionary pattern with other vertebrates and distinguishing the chameleon from other lizards on the basis of key taxonomic criteria. A discussion of the ecology of the group as a whole is presented as is a brief notation on the endangered status of one specific example of this group, Chamaeleo belalandaensis. A detailed explanation of how and why the chameleon changes color is included as well. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPchamel.rtf

Circadian Rhythms: Ultimately in Control
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A 5 page paper discussing whether students who consciously choose early schedules for themselves might perform better than those waiting until much later in the day to begin their daily studies. The paper uses studies in the emerging field of chronobiology, which is devoted to the study of the circadian rhythms resident in all living organisms. There is not yet any empirical evidence linking academic performance to the circadian cycle, but there is ample evidence that even long-term shift workers adjust only psychologically, but not physiologically. As the field of chronobiology matures, it is reasonable to assume that the same link will be found between circadian rhythms and academic performance. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSsleepStu.wps

Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of nine chapters of the book Cognitive Neuroscience. This paper outlines the principles of each of the chapter and links the perspectives presented to source information on cognitive development. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHbrain_.wps

Debating Shoeing Horses
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A 3 page paper discussing the implications of shoeing horses. The bottom line appears to be that shoes are beneficial in offering protection where it is needed and in correcting existing hoof problems, but that all horses do not need to be routinely shoed without assessing the conditions in which they live and work. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KShorseShoe.rtf

Debating the Origins of Eukaryotic Flagella
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This 4 page paper provides an overview of the current literature on this topic. Current scientific research still shows a significant debate over the origins of eukaryotic flagella. Lynn Margulis first proposed endosymbiont theory in an effort to settle the debate on the origins of structures, including eukaryotic flagella. Her theory and the use of 16s rRNA analysis provided a basis for relating the origins of both mitochondria and chloroplasts, yet does not completely resolve arguments over the origins of the eukaryotic flagella. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MHCellFl.rtf

Depth Perception
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A 6 page research paper that explores the mechanics of depth perception. The writer outlines out depth perception works and also discusses how depth perception differs from species to species. Bibliography list s 4 sources.
Filename: khdepper.wps

Designing a Test To Assess a Link between the Emotion of Fear and the Amygdale
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This 4 page paper designs a test to assess if there is any link between the amygdale within the brain and the emotional of fear in human subjects. The paper looks at the best way to image the responses in the brain and then at how issues such as ethics can be overcome and how the test could be conducted. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEfearamy.rtf

Development of the Human Brain
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This 7 page paper looks at some of the theories that try to explain who and why the human brain has developed into the current large and complex organ seen today. The paper loos at the arguments of bipedalism, the use of tools and development of language and the radiator theory. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEbraindev.rtf

Digestion: Travels of a Ham Sandwich and Glass of Milk, From Mouth to Excretion
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A 10 page overview of the digestive system as seen through the digestive processes required in the consumption of a typical meal. Outlines the basic functions of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and large intestine. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPdigest.wps

Disadvantages of Liposome-Based Anti-Tumor Drug Delivery
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A 6 page paper discussing problems associated with using liposome-based molecules as drug delivery vehicles for tumor-inhibiting compounds Recombinatory chemistry has given great hope for highly targeted and specific drugs that will attach to only specific sites on other molecules. The eventual goal is to deliver highly specific drugs to tumors with no side effects other than those directly attributable to the shrinkage and subsequent death of the tumor, but the problems associated with liposome-based delivery systems would seem to indicate that there is another solution waiting to be discovered. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: KSliposome.wps

DNA as an Identification Tool:
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This 5 page paper highlights the benefits of using DNA technology as an identification tool. This paper stresses the benefits of such technology as well as addressing many of the fears associated with its use. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSDNAdna.rtf

Dynamic Systems Model Of Motor Development And Infant Reflexes
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3 pages in length. The writer briefly discusses the dynamic systems model and the extent to which infant reflexes lend to future development. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCMotorDev.rtf

Eccentric and Concentric muscle action in Resistance Training
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A 4 page overview of the impacts of resistance training on muscle performance and biochemical composure. The author emphasizes that impact is determined by the specifics of the training. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPmuscl2.rtf

Enzymes and the Krebs Cycle
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A 5 page paper discussing enzymes at their most basic level. Comprised of amino acids, enzymes are the catalysts of myriad biochemical reactions. In keeping with the true nature of catalysts, they accelerate and enable reactions without being materially affected themselves. The second section of the paper presents a diagram of the Krebs or citric acid cycle. Taking place in the mitochondria of the cell, the citric acid cycle is the last in a series of steps that convert 'food' into 'energy.' Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSenzyme.wps

Evolution of the Human Brain
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A 5 page paper which discusses the evolution of the human brain. Not a great deal has been clearly established in terms of the evolution of the human brain. There are many theories and many different approaches, some of which are addressed herein. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAevobrain.wps

EXCELLENT BY DESIGN: HUMAN BRAIN VERSUS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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This 6 page paper discusses the possibility of Artificial Intelligence as compared to the reasoning and learning capacities of the human mind. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MBai.rtf

EXERCISE AND MEDITATION: INCORPORATING THE STRESS BUSTERS
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This 7 page paper examines stress, and how exercise and meditation have a physiological impact against stress. The paper also examines a new concept, mind-body exercise, that is starting to be used as a treatment. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MTstress.rtf

Face Processing Species
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A 4 page critique of the research article “Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life?” by Pascalis et al. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAfce2.rtf