The Rainforest of the Amazon Basin
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This 5 page report discusses the rainforest, its importance to the world's environment, its diversity of plant and animal life, as well as the struggles it is facing against the destruction and exploitation by humanity. There are more species of plants and animals in tropical rain forests than all the rest of the world's ecosystems combined. Competing claims and interests for the land and its resources have been behind fierce and often violent conflicts over the past thirty years and the battles still rage on. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWrainf.rtf

Weather Patterns
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A 5 page research paper on weather patterns. Topics included are types of clouds and cloud formation, global warming and the effects of El Nino. The writer also discusses how weather patterns can be predicted by observation, listening and a barometer. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Weatherp.wps

Convergent Evolution -- Desert Habitats and Coral Reefs
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This 5 page report discusses convergent evolution in terms of the ways in which plants and animals develop survival and adaptation characteristics for their particular environment. Such adaptations have evolved I species as wide-ranging as non-succulent desert plants to the various types of creatures forming the ecosystem of a coral reef. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWdesevo.rtf

"The History and Mystery of Lightening"
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A 3 page review of the online article by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This paper outlines the article's content, presents several points of criticism, and concludes with suggestions for improvement. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPlightening.rtf

A Brief History on the Most Devastating U.S. Hurricanes
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A 5 page overview of several of the most devastating storms that have hit the U.S. This paper discusses how hurricanes form and how they are studied and tracked. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPhurric3.rtf

American Museum of Natural History.
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(6 pp). The Rose Center's permanent exhibits, detailing the size, scope and growth of the universe as well as the earth's place within it, were unveiled in February (2000) inside the new structure of steel and glass. The seven-story orb appears to hover next to the museum, and at night it is illuminated, by a soft blue light. The center replaces the old Hayden Planetarium, a New York City landmark that introduced millions of city kids to the night sky between 1935 and 1997: kids are still thrilled - no matter what their ages. still and design and exhibits are spectacular.
Filename: BBamNHM.rtf

American Museum of Natural History.
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(6pp). The Rose Center's permanent exhibits, detailing the size, scope and growth of the universe as well as the earth's place within it, were unveiled in February (2000) inside the new structure of steel and glass. The seven-story orb appears to hover next to the museum, and at night glows with a soft blue light. The center replaces the old Hayden Planetarium, a New York City landmark that introduced millions of city kids to the night sky between 1935 and 1997. Kids of all ages are still thrilled with the spectrum of choices: design and exhibits are spectacular.
Filename: BBamNMR.doc

An Evaluation of the Steady-State Theory
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This 3 page paper compares the steady state theory with the Big Bang theory. This paper is written in question and answer format. The paper concludes with support for Steady-State over Big Bang. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA732SS.rtf

An Exploration of Tsunamis
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A 5 page discussion of the factors that cause tsunamis. Recent theory attributes the majority of these natural disasters to the submarine slumps that occur as a result of seismic activity. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPtsunami2.rtf

An Overview of Constellation Cancer
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This 4 page paper takes a look at the constellation of Cancer. While some astrological references are made, the paper focuses on astronomy. The history of constellation naming and other historical references regarding Cancer are included. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA428Cnr.rtf

An Overview of Stellar Evolution
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of stellar evolution. Concepts discussed includes black holes, brown dwarfs and white dwarfs. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA233str.rtf

Ancient Astronomy
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This 8 page paper examines several ancient astronomers and their contributions. Some original sources are used. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA712ast.rtf

Anders Celsius
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A 4 page discussion of the life and accomplishment of this eighteenth century Swedish astronomer. Celsius has many credits to his name. One of the most often remembered of these is the development of the Celsius temperature scale. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPcelsiu.rtf

Astronomical Research: Black Holes
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A 5 page paper which examines some recent articles dealing with researching black holes in the field of astronomy. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAastro.rtf

Astronomy Research and Extraterrestrial Life
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A 4 page overview of man's quest for the discovery of extraterrestrial life. The author outlines some of the criteria that astronomers believe would be necessary for life to exist and emphasizes the importance of ongoing astronomical research. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPextrat.rtf

Book Review of Elsner and Kara’s “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999)
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This is a 5 page book review of James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999). James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999) is considered an extensive scientific text authored by two well established researchers in their areas of expertise. The book written by a professor of meteorology and geography at Florida State University and a contractor for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory of NASA uses historical and scientific studies to assess the hurricane activity and consequences in the North Atlantic while providing the reader with prediction models, historical data sets, statistics and the “societal vulnerability to hurricanes”. Overall, Book News (1999) considers it “of likely interest to meteorologists, climatologists, and economists, as well as decision makers in government and industry”. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJHurri1.rtf

Catastrophism and the Extinction of the Dinosaurs
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An 8 page discussion of the events which resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs. Suggests that a meteoric impact with the earth set in motion a series of environmental events which ultimately translated into dinosaur extinction. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPdinoC2.wps

Climate Change
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This 5 page paper responds to some specific questions on climate change, incluidng what to do, the energy pyramid and its use and the role of Al Gore and the IPCC. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MHClimChanARch.rtf

Climate Change and Weather Forecasting
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This 3 page paper provides an overview of the factors influencing climate change and weather forecasting, especially in relationship to the Earth's energy budget. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MHClimCha2.rtf

Data Collection and the U.S. Navy: An Emphasis on Weather Analysis and Its Impact to Naval Strategies
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A 6 page discussion of the importance of data collection and statistical analyses in the U.S. Navy. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding weather patterns drives much of the Navy's data collection and analyses efforts. Being able to predict the weather can mean the difference between success or failure. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPnvStat.rtf

Dow Chemical Company’s Focus on the Triple Bottom Line
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A 21 page paper discussing Dow Chemical’s approach to responsible behavior. The common view of behaving responsibly is that such behavior is admirable but is not cost effective. Dow Chemical officially takes the opposite view. As a matter of corporate policy, Dow Chemical conducts its business within the framework provided by the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) business model that addresses not on the financial bottom line, but also those areas of corporate social responsibility and long-term sustainability. In cost issues, Dow’s perspective that avoidance of the unnecessary costs of cleanup or damage control in the long run is more costly than is avoiding these problems completely. The paper uses Dow’s response to the phase-out of 1,1,1 trichloroethane with creating responsible new business opportunities designed to identify and create alternatives. The paper also discusses regression analysis and cost-benefit analysis theory. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: KSmgmtDowTBL.rtf

Earth and Mars
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A 6 page comparison of these two planets. This paper describes the physical origin of the planet and characteristics such as atmosphere, gravity, and temperature. The author comments on the possibility of life as it presents on Mars. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPastronErthMars.rtf

Earthquakes: San Francisco and Others
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A 5 page paper which discusses various aspects of the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAsanfranqk.wps

Effects of Adverse Weather on Beaches
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A 7 page discussion of beach formation, beach profiles, and properties of sands. The writer then examines the effects that hurricanes, tornadoes, and monsoons have on beaches and the subsequent erosion that occurs. No Bibliography.
Filename: Hurrmnsn.wps

EL NINO AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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This 5-page papers examines the El Nino event of 1997-1998, its causes and its impact on the environment.
Filename: MTelnino.rtf

El Niρo's Effects on Agriculture
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A 5 page paper discussing the change of global weather patterns common with the cyclical El Niρo originating in the Pacific Ocean. It has been said that the farmer is the finest example of compulsive gambler in existence. That El Niρo events will continue to occur is a given, but prediction and management of them can minimize their negative effects while allowing some producers to take advantage of temporary conditions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSelNiρo.wps

Europa's Salt Water Ocean
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A 5 page discussion of the data which points to the existence of an ocean on Europa, one of Jupiter's sixteen moons. Detected by the space probe Galileo, such an ocean provides promise of evidence of past life on the planet. Outlines the types of exploration which could be utilized to more fully explore this possibility. Emphasizes the need for such exploration in terms of the potential benefit to man. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPeuropa.wps

Extra-Solar Planets
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7 pages in length. Man has long believed that his presence cannot be the only one to exist in the vastness of space, and this speculation has been rewarded by the recent discovery of extra-solar planets hinting at the possibility of other life forms. For the time being, however, uncovering eight new planets has given scientists the motivation to continue such pursuits. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCPlanets.rtf

Extra-Solar Planets
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A 12 page overview of extra-solar planets, those planets outside our own solar system which orbit around suns other than our Sun. Discusses the history of extra-solar planetary research providing the names and particulars of discoveries. Emphasizes the technological changes which are occurring which allow a constant refinement of astronomical theory regarding planet formation and behavior. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPastExP.wps

Hurricane Andrew: A Meteorological Study
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10 pages in length. Of all natural disasters Mother Nature inflicts upon the earth, perhaps none is quite as devastating as the hurricane. Historically speaking, hurricanes have held the capacity to destroy entire coastlines, wipe out complete communities and generally wreak havoc upon all unfortunate enough to remain in their paths. The total destruction left in the wake of Hurricane Andrew, considered to be history's worst in terms of death and damage, made the East Coast and the world alike gravely aware of just how helpless man and the environment are to the unrelenting wrath of Mother Nature. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TLCHurrAnd.rtf

HURRICANE KATRINA AND THE 1900 GALVESTON HURRICANE: A COMPARISON
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This 9-page paper compares and contrasts the 1900 hurricane that hit Galveston, TX with Hurricane Katrina, which decimated the Gulf Coast in 2005. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: MThuranaly.rtf

Hurricanes: A Description of this Climatic Phenomenon and a Guide for Preparedness
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A 5 page outline of the many considerations which surround hurricanes. Hurricanes present one of the most catastrophic of all natural disasters. Their development and maturation offers a fascinating climatologic study, a study which is intensified when one realizes the damage to life and property which can result with their advent. Climatologists are constantly seeking to better the techniques which they can use to sense the development of these storms and to track their path from their point of origin to landfall. Accurately predicting the course of these storms and providing adequate warning to those in the area of their potential swath is critical to saving both lives and property, as is proper personal and regional preparations for these devastating events. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPhurrc2.wps

Infrared Astronomy and the Discovery of New Planets
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of infrared technology and how it is used to discover planets that exist beyond the known solar system. A great deal of information is presented on the technology as well as information on recently discovered planets. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA246ast.rtf

Infrared Telescopy
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A 5 page discussion of the design and application of the infrared telescope. Discusses the recent acquisition of our ability to monitor infrared light and the information which can be obtained in so doing. Emphasizes that the infrared telescope, although only introduced in the last four decades, has evolved to be one of the most valuable tools in the astronomer's arsenal. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPtelesc.wps

Is There a Parallel Universe?
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6 pages. A large number of well-noted scientists have substantial proof that parallel universes do indeed exist. This paper delves into this topic and examines why it is indeed possible. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: JGAparun.wps

Life on Mars: A Proposed Research Study
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of a research study on the argument that life does exist on mars. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MHMetMar.rtf

Mars: Our Future in Space
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A 7 page discussion of the Mars exploration program. Emphasizes the reasons behind our obsession with Mars exploration and traces the revised plans for that exploration which have been fabricated since the loss of two U.S. spacecraft in 1999. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPmarsB.rtf

Martian Splosh Craters
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5 pages in length. The universe is full of unique and unusual compositions that help to differentiate one planet from another. Martian splosh craters – also called rampart craters – are one of the most interesting of all, because the way in which they form has had a direct impact upon the shape of Mars as it exists today. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCsplsh.rtf

Meteorology
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A 20 page overview of meteorology. This paper discusses the importance of the earth’s rotation, tectonic plate movement, and volcanic action in creating the atmospheric and oceanic currents that determine weather. Severe weather events like hurricanes and tsunamis are explored. Bibliography lists 21 sources.
Filename: PPmeteorology.rtf

Ocean Currents and the Overlying Atmospheric Circulation System
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A 5 page discussion of the relationship between ocean currents and the overlying atmospheric circulation system. Both ocean circulation systems and atmospheric systems have definitive patterns which are comparable in their nature and both function in much the same way in regard to the manner which they move through the world. The author discusses the causes and effects of this interrelationship, noting important phenomena like hurricanes and the ability of the world’s currents to transport not only sedimentary material but man himself. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPoceanC.rtf

Ozone Layer Depletion
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A 6 page paper defining the ozone layer, its importance to life on Earth and the mechanisms by which it is depleted. Given that ozone (O3) is a naturally-occurring substance in the Earth’s atmosphere, the debate surrounding whether it is increasing or decreasing superficially seems to be little more than an academic exercise, or alternatively something for militant environmentalists to champion. It is continually created and destroyed by sunlight, effectively absorbing most UV radiation and preventing it from reaching Earth’s surface. Other free radicals, particularly chlorine, disrupt this creation and destruction process, preventing the formation of more ozone after UV light has destroyed it. The paper discusses the hole over Antarctica, the role of CFCs in depleting the ozone layer and positive signs that are beginning to appear more than a decade after developed nations reduced their use of CFCs. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: KSozoneDeplet.rtf

Predicting Tornadoes
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This 5 page paper explains the way that tornadoes can be predicts and the inherent problems in the task. The writer includes descriptions of the Doppler Radar network, the satellite Optical Transient Detector (OTD) as well as the ground spotters. The paper also includes consideration of the difficulties in predicting nondescending tornadoes first observed in 1997. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEtornad.wps

Remote Sensing of Global Change
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This 6 page paper looks at the way in which global change is monitored by different types of remote sensing equipment, from weather balloons to Satellite equipment and the software used to evaluate the data. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEremsen.wps

Space Suit Technology
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This 4 page paper provides a technical overview of what current NASA space suits are comprised of, how they are used and how they protect astronauts. The paper is chock full of technical data and is informative in respect to the white suit used by today's astronauts. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA309NSA.rtf

Summarization: Black Holes and Cosmology
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5 pages in length. Reviews two articles, one on black holes, and one article on cosmology. The review and discussion of each article are included in this paper. In the first article analysts speculate something unusual is happening at the center of the Milky Way, near Sagittarius. The theorists believe there may be one gigantic black hole taking in mass, or a set of smaller black holes. The second article points out that several scientists still firmly believe in the big bang theory despite the arguments concerning the dark-matter problem as well as the causality problem and the age problem.
Filename: JGAastrn.wps