| *Contains
All Papers On Business (General), Business Management, Operations Management, Training,
& Management Science Theory
(Case Studies & Article Reviews Listed at
Bottom of Section)
*See also subcategory
entitled : HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES
Henry Ford & Automobile Production: This
8 page paper discusses Ford's implementation of mass production and the effect that change
had on both Ford's company and the society. Topics discussed include an overview of Ford's
Model A and Model T, Ford's use of an automatic conveyor belt and the assembly line
process, dealer franchises and the Ford's increase in wages for the workers in his employ.
Bibliography lists 5 sources. Fordauto.wps
Corporate Manager Selection : An 8
page paper discussing changing managerial qualifications in the corporate setting. There
is an increasing trend of corporate focus on that individual best able to maintain balance
between work and his personal life. The old workaholic syndrome is still rewarded by many,
but leaders of corporations most successful in todays changing and increasingly
competitive business environment are coming to place a high value on those potential
managers who are technically qualified, but also are able to understand the value of
maintaining a non-work life. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Corpman.wps
The Role Of The Supervisor In The Twentieth
Century : A 10 page paper in which the writer thoughtfully demonstrates how rapid
advances in technology and tremendous social changes affecting the business world have
changed the way the supervisor functions from the onset of the industrial revolution to
the present. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Supervis.wps
Methods Of Effective Supervision In Current
Industries : A 5 page paper illustrating some programs implemented by industries
to better both the moral and success of the corporations. Bibliography lists several
sources. Industrym.wps
The Role of Middle Management in Corporate
America : A 12 page paper discussing middle managers in the corporate world
their role in the past as compared to the present and speculation about the future for
middle managers. The concept of corporate culture and the impact of different types of
culture on the typical middle manager is also examined. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Rolemid.wps
Management and Management Science / Features and
Elements : This 7 page research paper explores different aspects of management in
today's world. Included are discussions on TQM, Motivation, SWOT, and the need for
Diversity Training. While these topics represent only a fraction of the whole of
management science, information about each can increase the manager's knowledge and skill
levels to be more effective in today's corporate world. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Mgtsci.wps
Improving Organizational Communications :
A 6 page paper portraying a communications consultants report to the senior
management at ABC Corporation of the state of communications he has discovered within
their organization at their request. He has found the company to have effective measures
in place and recommends alteration only of their method of conflict resolution. ABC
Corporation has all the ingredients of maintaining effective communications throughout the
organization, including the prime factor of being aware of how easily internal
"disconnects" can occur and become solidified. The consultant uses the example
of Xerox and Federal Express for application of Demings admonition to break down
barriers between departments. One 3-part illustrative diagram. Bibliography lists 7
sources. Commorg2.wps
Interacting With Customers : A 4 page
paper discussing todays realities of customer relations. Todays customers have
myriad options and finally have regained their rightful position as the only reason for
any business to exist. It is up to the organization to serve that customer in the best
ways possible and to let the customer know that the business understands how important
they are. The customer has known for a very long time. Bibliography lists 4 sources. CustRelations.wps
Employee Compensation : 5 pages in
length. Employee compensation is a significant determinant when people decide where they
are going to work. In 1996 alone, the percentage of total employee compensation was at
twenty-eight point one, one and a half percent higher than in 1986. Without the benefit
packages offered by virtually every large company in America, employers would find it
difficult to effectively compete for the skilled workforce. The writer discusses how
holding a job does not merely mean collecting a paycheck anymore; rather, the overall
appeal of any position in the contemporary workplace must also include an attractive
compensation arrangement as added incentive. Bibliography lists 4 sources. EmplComp.wps
Compensation & Employee Motivation : 11
pages in length. An in-depth discussion of employee needs and how to obtain a
mutually-satisfactory working environment through more effective methods of compensation.
The writer discusses the importance of motivation to employees, Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs, etc; Examples are applied to true job scenarios and a case study of the Walton
Enterprises Company is discussed in which various compensation types (salary, commission,
draw, etc;) are evaluated and then complemented with the writer's own conclusive
recommendations. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Motivati.wps
Management & Motivation :
A 5 page paper on different ways to motivate workers so that they want to be hired, stay
with the company, or do a better job. Sometimes motivating the workers means changing
things at the job site and sometimes it means that the management should give the workers
more money. Offering the workers more money is sometimes helpful but there are also times
when money will not change how a worker feels about his or her job. Sometimes the worker
just wants more respect or maybe a chance to use his ideas. Bibliography lists 3 sources. motive.wps
Benchmarking / Base Salary To Base Plus :
A 10 page research paper that looks at the question of how to change the compensation
plan for sales people from salary to base plus commission. The benchmarking approach is
taken to investigate what other companies are doing and then to make a recommendation on
which plan to adopt. Included in the discussion are the implications involved in making
this kind of change. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Benchmar.wps
Implementing Change In The Non Profit
Organization : A 5 page paper discussing re-engineering as it applies to the non
profit organization. "Change" has been refined over the past few years to first
include Total Quality Management (TQM), then simply "re-engineering," then a
refinement to a process with its own acronym: business process reengineering (BPR). The
focus of each is to continually improve processes for the purpose of increasing
productivity, quality of outcome and efficiency. The non profit does have an advantage in
that there is no shareholder equity to protect. With all other aspects of re-engineering,
the process remains the same Bibliography lists 8 sources. Nochange.doc
Applied Motivational Theory : An 11
page paper discussing the theory behind motivating employees. Following a decade of
downsizing, cost cutting and merging, more and more businesses look for ways to give their
employees what they want. Too many companies believe that employee motivation rests in
monetary rewards, without either realizing or acknowledging individuals needs for
recognition. Formal studies and informal surveys alike reveal that while managers often
will list money as the top factor in motivating employees, the employees themselves are
much more likely to list first their desire for recognition, for someone to let them know
they truly have done a good job, a fact well known by some of the countrys most
successful companies. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Appmoti.wps
Hotel Staff Motivation : A 20 page paper
discussing employee motivation in the hotel industry. The hotel business, along with every
other type of business in the country, has attempted for some time to implement
industry-wide quality assurance programs in order to provide their customers with the best
possible service and in a spirit of continual improvement. Hotels certainly want to retain
their current customers while building new ones, but they also want to retain their
current employees, too. It is the purpose of the hotel manager to provide what both the
customers and the employees want as far as is practicable. Managers continue to search for
the perfect motivational tool for use in their business, but it apparently so far has
eluded most of them Bibliography lists 23 sources. Hotels.doc
Management Change / Case Study : A 5
page case study for management change. The problem: a new head teacher wants to establish
a new management team structure while changing the perception of the head teacher from
that of an autocrat to that of a team leader. The writer discusses the problem,
objectives, constraints, options and implementation of most feasible option. Bibliography
lists 3 sources. Manchang.wps
Hospitality Today : A 5 page research
paper which examines how the hospitality-tourism industry in the U.S. is changing to meet
the new demands of the technological age. The writer also addresses how this impacts
institutions of higher hospitality learning. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Hospital.wps
Hotel Comparison Marriott Senior Living,
Hyatts Classic Residence, And The Residence Inn : This 10 page report
discusses three hotel chains and the differences between them. Each has capitalized on a
new form of hotel facility and management and each serves a unique sector of the market.
Bibliography lists 9 sources. Hotelmar.wps
Current Issues Affecting Corporation Boards
Of Directors : 5 pages in length. If there is one constant in the current issues
affecting corporation boards of directors, it is that their duties are ever-changing.
There was a time when the role of corporation boards of directors was primarily to oversee
the company's overall business tactics and make sure that it was performing as expected
for the stockholders. Today, however, represents an entirely new breed of directors who
have become the ones responsible for assessing management performance, deciding upon
issues as important as pensions, as well as addressing many other weighty issues. What is
even more enlightening is that directors can now be just as accountable as the rest of the
corporation when it comes to back taxes or environmental cleanup costs. The writer
discusses current issues affecting corporate boards of directors. Bibliography lists 5
sources. TLCBrdDr.wps
Poor Managements Effects on Employees
: 7 pages in length. There are books written about it, and in great numbers. There are
entire journals dedicated to it, dozens of seminars to talk about it and professional
societies to support it. The truth that is undeniable, however, is that "despite all
the books and seminars on leadership that are consumed annually, a lot of folks in
management positions are simply rotten leaders." The lack of leadership or even
standard managerial skills affects both the morale and productivity of the companys
employees, ultimately affecting the companys potential. Bibliography lists five
sources. PoorMgmt.wps
Assessment of Personal Leadership Qualities
: A 5 page paper discussing leadership qualities and the best ways to determine and
enhance an individuals own leadership skills. The writer examines three of Sheila
Murray Bethels 12 leadership qualities and uses them as a guide to evaluating
individual leadership strengths and weaknesses. Bibliography lists 1 source. Perslead.wps
Organizational Behavior & Leadership /
Attribution Theory : A 10 page paper discussing how attribution theory can be
applied within the organization to enhance employees performance and the
organizations overall productivity as well as competitive advantage. The theory
provides a means for both explaining and predicting individual behavior, and is based on
the assumption that individuals will ascribe certain qualifications to either an
employees or a managers behavior. The paper uses the negative management style
of Peg Witte, CEO of Royal Oaks Mines as example throughout, and contrasts the resulting
corporate culture with that of Merix Corporation under the leadership of Debi Coleman. The
paper includes an illustrative chart. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Attorg.wps
Management Style in the
Nineties : This 4 page paper talks about the shift in managerial
ideologies, over the years, which has affected the nature and character of work in
general. Examples of life in various decades lead up to an analysis of the working world
of the nineties. No sources are used. Mang90.wps
How Managerial Ideologies Structure The Nature
& Character Of Work : 3 pages in length. There exist a number of variables
when one considers how managerial ideologies structure the nature and character of work.
For instance, the differences between gendered conceptions of work demonstrate how one
perspective can be completely altered from another; what men understand to be
representative of managerial ideologies is not necessarily the same for women. The writer
discusses how the nature and character of work is related to managerial ideologies and
establishes the fundamental basis for effective productivity and distinguishing
application. No additional sources cited. Manideol.wps
Leadership &
Change in the Organization : This 5 page overview looks at the subject of
organizational change and how management can ease transitions in the workplace. Solutions
center around effective communication and bridging gaps between upper management and lower
level employees. Free one page outline included. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Leadchan.wps
Minority Leadership in Corporate America : a
12 page research paper that attempts to evaluate where minority leadership in corporate
America stands today. The writer points out that there are two basic slants on minority
leadership in corporate America being espoused in the media today. The first point of view
is that corporate America is seeking to diversify its work force at an exponential rate as
it has been realized that diversity is a key element to successful globalization, and that
minorities are entering management in record numbers. The second point of view, one that
is predominant in African-American publications, is that twenty plus years of affirmative
action have seen very little real gain in the percentages of minorities that are in the
upper echelons of corporate management. Both views are well argued in the media--which is
correct? Bibliography lists 10 sources. Minocorp.wps
Maslow as Motivator : A 5 page paper
discussing Maslows hierarchy of needs as they apply to employee motivation. Maslow
formulated his hierarchy of needs 30 years ago when he determined that people universally
first ensured that they had the means of sustenance and safe shelter, and then organized
themselves into groups as a result of a need for a feeling of belonging to another, larger
unit. His theories were psychological curiosities for years, but except for fairly
isolated instances were never really put to the test in the organization until only
recently. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Maslow.wps
Employee Motivation / Concepts & Theories
: 30 pages in length. Too many companies believe that employee motivation rests in
monetary rewards, without either realizing or acknowledging individuals needs for
recognition. Formal studies and informal surveys alike reveal that while managers often
will list money as the top factor in motivating employees, the employees themselves are
much more likely to list first their desire for recognition, for someone to let them know
they truly have done a good job. Todays most successful companies are ones in which
employees have no question of the regard in which the companys leadership holds
them. Bibliography lists 20 sources. Motivate.wps
Contemporary Management Strategies : 7
pages in length. An in-depth discussion of how management strategy has changed in
contemporary times. The writer cites some of the main contributors to change as : the
development of information technology; a changing response to ethics and social
responsibility; an awareness of gender and race issues in the workplace; increasing
product sophistication and employee training, etc; The works of several key management
theorists and their ideas are analyzed. Bibliography lists 10 sources.An excellent
reference for anyone studying contemporary management ! Manastra.wps
System Theory in General Management :
A 9 page overview of the importance of system theory to general business management.
Describes the fast-paced changes the business world is experiencing and emphasizes the
importance of definition, goals, and objectives in management. Each of these require
effective communication and management structure. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Systheo.wps
"The Japanese Way Of
Management" / Asian Capitalism : An 8 page paper in which the writer provides
an overview of post-World War II capitalism in Japan and demonstrates how this relates to
the concepts of Japanese-style managment systems (JSMS)
using a number of relevant examples from Japanese theories of management. Bibliography
lists 2 sources. Japanman.wps
Management Styles / Comparison Between The
U.S. and Japan : A 5 page paper comparing management styles in Japan and the US.
Not until the American public was tired of expensive inferior quality and started turning
to the Japanese for increasing numbers of cars each year did American manufacturing take
Japan seriously. The management style in the US had been that from the behavior school,
with a fair amount of autocracy included. The chasm between labor and management was
particularly wide in manufacturing operations, while a healthy labor-management attitude
operated in Japan. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Mstyle.wps
Latin American Management Styles : A
5 page paper discussing the prevailing styles of management in Latin American countries.
Chile built their businesses based on the latest management theories of democratic
management styles insofar as they were able within the then-current limits of their
culture. The new-style managers of these newly-profitable companies are investing in the
latest equipment available. Coteminas, in Brazil, uses Japanese textile looms making the
designs drawn on computers run by French software and Mexican GEO builds 19,000 houses
each year. This new breed of Latin American manager with international MBAs insists on
highest quality and lowest cost possible, and trains their own employees rather than
bringing in outside expert help. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Mlatin.wps
Organizational Behavior -- Safeway, Inc. : A
15 page research paper that investigates organizational behaviors and dynamics. Social
cognitive theory, self-efficacy theory and Maslow's hierarchy are discussed. One section
focuses on maintenance models for grocery stores. One illustration included. Bibliography
lists 10 sources. Safewy.wps
Commitment In Organizations : A 20
page paper discussing the determinants of commitment within an organization. How the
organization measures commitment, what the antecedents of commitment are, and the levels
of commitment based on individual characteristics of workers are also discussed.
Bibliography lists 28 sources. Commorg.wps
The Importance Of Vision And Mission
Statements In Corporations : 5 pages in length. Corporations are no different than
any other entity of life where there must exist a distinct direction and method of
operation. Instilling such components into the corporation's framework in the form of
vision and mission statements is essential in the company's overall concept. Without a
firm foundation upon which to stand, the corporation cannot expect its employees to
maintain their own direction if the company is floundering to ascertain its own. By
providing a secure and focused vision toward the corporation's ultimate scope of
achievement, as well as a mission statement that defines the more detailed aspects of its
vision, a corporation is better equipped to attain its goals. The writer discusses vision
and mission statements as they pertain to corporations. Bibliography lists 6 sources. MissionSt.wps
Total Productive Maintenance : A 6
page paper discussing the holistic view of manufacturing plant maintenance. TPM as a
strategic tool quite possibly could become the telling factor that separates the most
successful companies from those whose overall performance is strong but never spectacular.
In todays increasingly competitive business climate, organizations must operate as
efficiently as possible. While TPM alone likely will not yield that edge that has the
potential of sending the organization to the top of its industry, it can nevertheless make
important contribution to the overall success of the company and contribute to the
organizations sustained competitive advantage. Bibliography lists 8 sources. TPM.wps
Management Theory & Practice / Working In
Teams : An 8 page paper discussing the evolution of work teams in business. J
Edwards Deming was able to lead American manufacturing to quality and teamwork, but he had
to do so through the Japanese. It was the Japanese who developed the concept of working in
teams from Demings beginning theories, but it was the US influence and ability to
implement creativity that has led to the development of todays concept of teamwork.
Businesses have found some problems with the teamwork approach, such as how to evaluate
individual performance, but those problems are being resolved as the concept of true
teamwork continues to evolve. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Teamwork.doc
Communication In Work Teams : A 25 page
comprehensive research paper investigating the role of communication in work teams. A
great many companies have instituted work teams during the last twenty or so years. Some
are successful, others are dismal failures. What is the difference between these opposite
ends of the success line? This paper discusses the results of numerous research studies as
well as the opinions of experts in terms of effective versus ineffective teams.
Communication is the key ingredient and as such the paper focuses on different aspects of
the communication process. Conflict is also discussed. One illustration. Bibliography
lists 23 sources. Comteam.wps
The Work Team Concept As A Alternative
Management Style : This 8 page paper considers the benefits that can be derived
from implementing work team approaches as an alternative management style and relates this
in a number of areas of development for Federal Express, a company that focuses on the
team approach in their human resources management. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Teamor.wps
Management Theory & Practice / Why Teams Don't
Work : A 15 page paper on what is wrong with the teamwork approach to
organizational management. The writer details common pitfalls and lists reasons why this
method is not nearly as productive as so many believe it is. Problems with role
identification in the corporate hierarchy, lack of cooperation among team members and
barriers to effective management are among the many difficulties cited which result from
the teamwork approach. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Teams.wps
Management Theory & Practice / Why Teams Do
Work : This 15 page paper supports the position that work teams do improve
efficiency, effectiveness, quality of performance and job satisfaction of the members of
the team. Several elements in this paper will serve to help organizations when deciding to
establish work teams, specifically, the steps for assuring success of teams are offered.
Additionally, research clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of work teams is reported.
Bibliography lists 10 sources. Teams2.wps
Organizational Structure & Team Theory / A
Comparative Analsyis : A 10 page comparison of organizational structure between
the military, business, sports and education. The writer concentrates the comparison on
how these types of businesses compare in the area of several "team" environment
theories. Bibliography lists 22 sources. Orgstyl.wps
Work Groups in American Business : An 8
page research paper which examines how this management technique is changing the way the
U.S. does business. This concept blurs the lines between management and employees,
empowers employees, and involves them in the success and productivity of the company. Many
U.S. companies regard it as their best means for keeping a competitive edge. Bibliography
lists 6 sources. Workgrup.wps
Work Groups / The Evolution Continues : A
12 page research paper which examines how work groups are changing the way that American
business is conducted. This concept has been accepted as the U.S. industrys best
hope for keeping a competitive edge in todays marketplace. The writer examines how
this concept is being implemented by some U.S. companies and how current research points
the ways in which the concept continues to evolve. Bibliography lists 17 sources. Workev.wps
Group Dynamics : A 10 page paper
discussing that positive working relationships are critical to the success of any
business, whether large or small. In order to achieve and maintain high employee morale
and low turnover, many companies are looking to the concept of group dynamics. The writer
explains the principles behind this program, as well as discusses the benefits and
drawbacks. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Grpdynm.wps
Decision-Making And Group Dynamics :
The process of decision-making within the scope of group dynamics requires an
understanding of a number of different theoretical components of group behavior, including
consensus, Groupthink and dissonance reduction. This 5 page paper considers the basic
components of group dynamics as they relate to the process of decision-making and then
evaluates the implications of group vs. individual choice. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Groupdec.wps
Teams in Small Business : This 10
page paper examines the use of teams, particularly in small business. The concept of the
team in business is thoroughly defined. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Smalteam.wps
The Origins Of Strategic Management Thinking
(1875 - 1960) : A 9 page research paper on the history of the management process
since the early dawn of the Industrial Revolution. The writer details how management
science has evolved parallel to technology--mentioning many historic management theorists
along the way. The approaches of Taylor, Fayol, Chester Barnard, the Gilbreths, and more
are included in this discussion. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Stratmgt.wps
Rational Model Of Strategic Management : A
6 page research paper that discuses the history of strategic management, the arguments for
and against the rational model of strategic management and final conclusions of the
writer. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Rational.wps
The Evolution Of Management, 19001938
: A 5 page research paper examining two of the common theories behind the Behavior
School of Management: progressivism and the birth of industrial psychology. Nearly all
work of the time was in manufacturing, and the engineer was the man of the day as he
promoted the idea of instituting "systems" to manufacturing. Workers had their
fill of austerity and of being forced to stay with one employer in the height of the Great
Depression, when there were plenty of things to validly complain about, but no other jobs
to find as consequence. Bibliography lists eleven sources. Behave.wps
Evolution & Integration Of Management
Schools Of Thought : 7 pages in length. Workers normally respond in kind to a
corporate philosophy of doing the best they can within the limits of sound business
practice for their employees. Rather than snatching all they can for the least amount of
effort, they will respond within the proper corporate climate. TQM does not exist for the
purpose of supplying middle managers with more raw material with which to lay out charts,
graphs and flow sheets. It can be a valuable tool, if management will use it for its
intended purposes and resist the urge to promote it merely as justification for their own
continued employment as chart-makers. Bibliography lists even sources. Intevo.wps
Kurt Lewin & Organizational Development
: An 8 page research paper on the life and subsequent work of German-American
psychologist Kurt Lewin. It describes some of Lewin's theories, and discusses about how
they relate in society today. Lewin is most commonly regarded as one of the founders of
the Organizational Development (OD) movement He described organizations as
existing in a state of "quasi stationary equilibrium", or rather he thought that
they tended to be static and resist change. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Lewin.wps
Deborah Tannen's "Talking 9 to 5":
A 5 page paper that provides an overview and analysis of Tannen's book. This paper
supports Tannen's contention that gender specific communication styles have significantly
impacted the roles that men and women play in business structures. Bibliography lists 3
sources. 9to5.wps
The Economic & Social Impacts of Women in
the Workforce : A 5 page paper in which the writer provides an overview of the
changing role of women in the American workforce and demonstrates their changing influence
and the call for equality. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Ecsowom.wps
Why Women May Make Better Managers :
In this 10 page research paper, the writer evaluates the hypocrisy that women are
discriminated against in the workplace. Using relevant studies, it is argued that women
are physiologically more capable of effectively handling common administrative tasks and
situations for two main reasons : (1) their brains may be intrinsically more efficient
with regard to verbal ability and (2) their social nurturing and inherent nature make them
more able managers. Many examples are presented to illustrate points made -- all are
properly documented. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Womenmgt.wps
"Glass Ceilings" / Management,
Women, & The Workplace : A 9 page essay on the struggles that women still
endure in the professional, corporate world. It is argued that while women have indeed
enjoyed some advancements in business, they still are barred from achieving top-level
management positions. Thus, they are looking through a "glass ceiling." In
answer to this, many women are forming their own businesses. The role of downsizing
and other relevant minority issues are brought into the discussion as well. Bibliography
lists 7 sources. Womnwork.wps
Circumventing The "Glass Ceiling"/
Women As Entrepreneurs : 8 pages in length. There is really nothing any more
remarkable in women entrepreneurs efforts than there are in the men
counterparts work, at least not in the present. In the early years, women were at a
distinct disadvantage if they intended to focus on any business that could be seen as
untraditional. Since those first ground-breaking years, however, women-owned businesses
are just businessessound management practices and tuned acumen truly is without
gender. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Womenent.wps
Corporate Competitive Advantage and Strategic
Commitment : This 3 page essay discusses the ides of strategic commitment in a
company and the ways in which it adds to a larger corporate advantage. Strategic
commitment is a separate and unique field of endeavor that is marked by the inclusion of
ethics and the moral responsibilities of management as a part of a much larger strategic
planning process. Follow-through on such a commitment is what allows any firm to enjoy a
unique competitive advantage based on the relationship that it has established with its
constituency. Bibliography lists 2 sources. BWcommit.rtf
The Possibilities Of The Paperless
Office : A 10 page paper looking at the progress of some companies that have
attempted to shift their document storage and retrieval base from paper-oriented to
electronically maintained. The hardware necessary for efficient electronic storage and
retrieval has been available long enough to have become sophisticated enough for the most
demanding of users, and its cost has declined to the point it is within the reach of most
businesses, regardless of their storage needs. Those companies in at least partial
paperless operation have seen real reductions in cost and increases in productivity.
Bibliography lists 7 sources. Paper-No.wps
Cost-Effective Maintenance at a Coin-Operated
Laundromat : 7 pages in length. A good look at what's involved in owning &
operation a coin-operated Laundromat. Specifically examined is the problem of maintaining
low costs for equipment maintenance & repair. The writer of this paper analyzes each
available option with regard to their potential cost-effectiveness and determines that the
hiring of outside contractors is the best choice for such a business. FREE sentence
outline included. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Laundro2.wps
Effective Management of a Coin-Operated
Laundromat : 7 pages in length. Similar to Laundro2.wps, only this paper
illustrates more broadly,-- some key points to be known when managing a coin-operated
Laundromat. Issues concerning human resources, maintenance, marketability, and more are
discussed. FREE sentence outline included. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Landrom.wps
Downsizing & The Contemporary Corporation
: A thorough, 20 page evaluative assessment of corporate downsizing, its potentially
negative impact upon productivity, and it positive cost-benefit trends. Ultimately, the
writer concludes that managers should be devising more universally-efficient methodologies
for solving problems and not relying on downsizing to maximize dollar productivity. Paper
is filled with statistics and case examples. Bibliography lists more than 15 sources. Downzsizi.wps
Effects of Downsizing in the Private Sector
: A 29 page research paper on downsizing in American corporations and the problems
associated with the layoffs of personnel. The writer details what downsizing is and its
history and causes, the emotional and mental effects of job loss, outplacement services
and the forms and issues in counseling fired workers, and the cooperation of the employee
in the job seeking process. Bibliography lists 20 sources. Downpriv.wps
David Gordons "Fat and Mean: The
Corporate Squeeze of Working Americans and the Myth of Managerial Downsizing" :
A 5 page paper discussing David Gordons book and evaluating the views presented of
the role corporations play in the U.S. economy. No additional sources cited. Meanfat.wps
Corporate Philosophy / Outsourcing &
Insourcing : This 30 page report examines the corporate philosophy and practice
behind outsourcing and insourcing in terms of the bottom line for a company. What are the
benefits of each and what are the drawbacks? It appears to be the wave of the future in
U.S. companies. How will that affect the American workforce? Inandout.wps
Lean Production Implementation In The Auto
Industry : A 20 page paper that studies the impact of implementing lean production
processes within auto industry plants. The paper presents a study of the effects on
employees perceptions of success and individual opinions in regards to human resource
development during the transition from mass to lean production styles. Bibliography lists
10 sources. Leanprod.wps
Production Management : In 5 pages
the author discusses the general principles, and aspects of production management, while
giving an overview of the topic. "
identifying production management strategies
for planning environmentally sound manufacturing techniques involves several things. One
must identify the basic requirements, define the operating techniques, and formulate a
system of metrics. Orientation, economics, systems of implementations, compatibility with
existing manufacturing architecture and identification of physical indicators must be
considerations" Bibliography lists 8 sources. Prodman.wps
Defining Organizational Change : A 5
page paper discussing some of the reasons for and mechanisms of organizational change.
Americas discovery of Japanese cars was the first real indication that American
manufacturing would have to change in order to keep up, but it was discovered that
accomplishing that change involved far more than just doing things differently than in the
past. It was also necessary for management attitudes to change as well. Today, the
principles described by Kurt Lewin in the 1940s are as true as they were then, and
management at the most successful of companies has discovered that lasting and beneficial
change occurs when management sets the stage, but employees lead the implementation of
change. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Defofch.wps
Productivity / Where Is It Going & Why?
: A 9 page paper examining not only the increased productivity levels at both
individual and corporate levels, but also the reasons behind its growth. The term
"productivity" applies to the national economy as well as to the individual and
the corporation. That link is discussed in the paper, but the primary focus is the
increased productivity that in many ways can be traced to the trend of management style
shift from autocratic leadership to a more democratic one. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Tivity.wps
Operation Scheduling & Sequencing :
A 6 page overview of focused operation and scheduling operation, including a general
overview of the scheduling process, techniques for scheduling, lineflow and batch
processing considerations and scheduling for continuous flow, assembly line, and job shop.
Bibliography lists 5 sources. focop.wps
Entrepreneurship In Todays Business
Environment : A 70 page paper discussing methods of starting a business. Small
business is responsible for more than two-thirds of the jobs in this country, and as the
big corporations continue to streamline their operations and shift from a purely national
to a global focus, the economic contribution of the entrepreneur is expected only to
increase in coming years. There are nearly as many different types of entrepreneurs as
there are ideas around which to form a business, but there are traits that are common
among the most successful. Business has changed in recent years, too, as have options for
funding. There is increased focus on electronic commerce and data transmission, and
venture capital is a relatively new means of funding a business. But even with all the
changes in how many aspects of business building is accomplished, the standards of focus,
dedication and creativity remain. Bibliography lists 48 sources. Entrenv.wps
Development of the Successful Entrepreneurial
Enterprise : A 60 page paper presenting a survey study of entrepreneurs in light
of the emerging issues of todays business. This study seeks to be a multi-faceted
one in the types of information gained from a survey done of entrepreneurs in three
diverse and rapidly-growing areas of the country. The literature combines evidence of
empirical and anecdotal origin as well as incorporating basic knowledge issues with which
the successful entrepreneur must be familiar, including the importance of planning,
setting goals, producing an accurate and useable business plan and finding funding for the
new venture. All of these issues are considered in the light of the special problems faced
by the technical entrepreneur Data sought in the survey of entrepreneurs also focuses on
attempts to assess any differences of "alertness" to opportunity in comparing
entrepreneurs as a group to the more general population Bibliography lists 57 sources. Entrenv2.wps
Starting Your Own Business / Entrepreneurship
& the Development of a Consultancy Firm : There are many steps that must be
taken to effectively create, plan and implement a new business plan, and the mistakes made
by new business entrepreneurs often result in business failures within the first year of
operation. This 40 page research study considers the steps necessary in planning for and
implementing a new business and in maintaining the business in varying economic
conditions. In addition, this research study also evaluates issues like the use of
technology, human resources management and budgeting as they impact new businesses.
Bibliography lists 45 sources. Consult2.wps
An Overview of Entrepreneurship : A
15 page research paper which examines the recent history of entrepreneurship in the U.S.
and elsewhere. The writer addresses such topics as the typical psychological profile of
the entrepreneur, minority entrepreneurship and resources which are available on the
Internet for aiding entrepreneurs. Bibliography lists 9 sources. Entrshp.wps
entrepreneurialism
Entrepreneurship Today : A 9 page
research report on the state of entrepreneurism near the turn of the 21st century.
Entrepreneurship is as active as it has ever been. Regardless of the industry or beginning
size of the business, there is opportunity still in good ideas. As the giant corporations
continue their downsizing processes, many of their "victims" are going into
business for themselves. The old principles still hold today: the good idea that fills a
niche, backed with good solid planning if not as much cash as everyone would like.
Todays business climate is more competitive than ever, and is a factor todays
entrepreneur has to closely consider as in no other period. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Entrepr.wps
Todays Retail Franchising : A
10 page paper examining an overview of retail franchising. From its A & W Root
Beer beginnings in 1919, franchising has blossomed over the years and particularly since
the late 1960s. Those purchasing franchises used to worry about the loss of total control
over their own businesses and that still is an issue with many who otherwise would choose
to place their fortunes into the hands of a national organization. But despite sizeable
initial and ongoing franchising fees, there can be great advantage in purchasing a
franchise in that the entrepreneur does not necessarily have to personally make all the
mistakes from which he can learn. Franchising is in a boom state because it offers so many
opportunities: the franchising company is allowed to grow using other peoples money,
and the provider of that money receives support and advice from the company. Bibliography
lists 11 sources. Retailf.wps
Minority Owned Businesses : This
10 page paper addresses the plight of the minority owned business. The psychological and
social ramifications of being an entrepreneur, and a member of a minority group, are
explored. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Mobus.wps
Budgeting for a Career : This 6
page paper discusses budgeting for business purposes. Several areas are included such as
employment expenses, working while in college as well as entrepreneurial planning.
Examples are provided such as how one can juggle a work and school schedule as well as how
one can plan financially for a seasonal enterprises. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Budgcar.wps
Application Of Affirmative Action In Business
& Military Settings : A 4 page paper on Affirmative Action. The writer
compares its application in the modern business settings with that of the U.S. military.
It is argued that some companies who have achieved success with affirmative action
programs can be used as models to replicate such in the U.S. Army. Bibliography lists 3
sources. Tailhook.wps
Diverse Management / A Profitable Business
Necessity : A 6 page paper discussing the profitability of a diverse workforce for
all types of industries and corporations. In todays highly advancing technological
world the employee cannot afford to remain in a sedentary position where there is no
diversity. Age, sex, and race are issues that need to be addressed in the workplace. The
more diverse and varied the employees the more successful and well run a company will
become. It is quite advantageous, both economically and otherwise, to hire a wide range of
individuals. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Divman.wps
Managing Workforce Diversity : An
excellent, 9 page research paper on contemporary diversity issues in management. Included
in the discussion are females in the workplace ("glass ceilings"), senior
citizens in the workplace, the controversial role of Affirmative Action, and more.
Important statistics and many examples are included. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Manadiv2.wps
Diversity in the Workplace
: A 10 page paper which explores diversity in the workplace -- its importance, ways in
which it can be encouraged, corporate Americas efforts to encourage diversity and
future implications. Bibliography lists 9 sources. Impdiv.wps
Managing Diversity & The Department of State
: 7 pages in length. After describing the important of workplace diversity today, the
writer illustrates the concept by presenting diversity as it exists in the U.S. Department
of State. Recommendations are made to produce more desirable results in this area.
Bibliography lists 4 sources. Manadiv.wps
A Managerial Plan for Diversity : A
fictitious, 8 page plan for a model company to incorporate an emphasis on diversity in its
human resources. A detailed strategy, blueprint for implementation, etc; are all included
in this well-structured presentation. Bibliography lists 2 helpful sources. Manadiv3.wps
Managing Workplace Diversity : A 5
page paper discussing the benefits of effective diversity management. The days of the myth
of the homogenous workforce are as far past as is that of Total Quality Management (TQM)
applying only to manufacturing environments. Too many complain that in todays highly
competitive business environment that there is no room for management approaches that are
believed to be impossible to measure, but the business results of effectively managed and
highly diverse organizations belie that objection. Diversity-conscious organizations are
finding that diversity can be an asset rather than the drain that others insist it is.
Bibliography lists 6 sources. Divermn.wps
Quantitative Diversity Measurements :
A 5 page paper discussing quantitative diversity measurements as they apply in the
corporate world. The writer examines what such measurements are and why are they of
concern to business Bibliography lists five sources. Qdiverse.wps
Gender, Age, & Cultural Diversity in the
Workplace of Hewlett-Packard : In 5 pages the author discusses gender, age, and
cultural diversity in the workplace of Hewlett-Packard. "Hewlett-Packard is a company
that is implementing a cultural diversity program. The company is managing the diversity
of race, sex, and culture in its workplace. This is very forward thinking on the part of
HP. They realize the necessity for diversity and they are taking the steps to make HP on
the cutting edge of human resources diversity in the workplace." Bibliography lists 5
sources. Hpdiv.wps
Corporate Wealth Maximization : A
5 page paper discussing the concentration on wealth, rather than profit, maximization. The
typical approach of most businesses is to generate the highest levels of profit possible,
both for increasing their own profitability and their shareholders equity. In recent
years, however, some companies have begun holding onto more and more of the profits they
do generate, choosing to reinvest in the company rather than to pay full dividends to
their shareholders. Private companies gain even more benefit by positioning themselves to
better withstand economic fluctuations. Bibliography lists five sources. Corpcash.wps
(The) Economics of Management : 8
pages containing a series of short essays which pertain to economics and its role in
contemporary corporate management. Various advanced-level terms are thoroughly defined. Econtest.wps
Management of a Non-Profit Organization :
An 8 page paper on the importance of studying nonprofit management today. The writer
posits that non-profit organizations require many of the same administrative skills that
their profitable counterparts do and stresses the influence of funding, financial
analysis, computer knowledge, evaluation, etc; Bibliography lists 5 sources. Mananonp.wps
Communication Roles in Non-Profit Organizations
: This 9 page paper discusses the various communication roles typically present in a
non-profit organization. Many such roles parallel those of the private sector but there
are also unique differences. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Commrole.wps
Implementing Change In The Non Profit
Organization : A 5 page paper discussing re-engineering as it applies to the non
profit organization. "Change" has been refined over the past few years to first
include Total Quality Management (TQM), then simply "re-engineering," then a
refinement to a process with its own acronym: business process reengineering (BPR). The
focus of each is to continually improve processes for the purpose of increasing
productivity, quality of outcome and efficiency. The non profit does have an advantage in
that there is no shareholder equity to protect. With all other aspects of re-engineering,
the process remains the same Bibliography lists 8 sources. Nochange.doc non-profit,
nonprofit
Strategic Planning : This management
process is discussed in a 6 page paper. The SWOT analysis technique is included,
referencing GE and Finning as examples of companies to use the method successfully.
Bibliography lists 5 sources. Stra.rtf
General Electrics Portfolio of Businesses
: This 8 page report discusses General Electric Corporation, number five in the
Fortune 500. Four specific questions are answered relating to the companys portfolio
of major businesses. Bibliography lists the GE web site as a source. GEweb.wps
Strategic Supply Management: This 22
page paper provides an overview of the basic elements of strategic supply management,
considers how it differs from purchasing and logistics, and relates strategic supply
management to supply chain management. In addition, this study also evaluates the way in
which e-commerce will impact these processes in the years to come. Bibliography lists 10
sources. MHStrat.wps
Y2k / Managing In The Year 2000 &
Beyond : This 9 page paper investigates aspects of management in the 21st century.
The writer begins by briefly explaining the very first challenge managers the world over
will face - the Y2K problem and then discusses different issues of diversity that will be
prevalent, general trends in the workplace and management and finally offers specific
trends in purchasing and supply management. Bibliography lists 9 sources. Year2000.wps
Y2K / Project Managements Role In Averting
"The Millennium Bug" : 50 pages worth of in-depth research. The
Millennium Bug is the Year 2000 glitch in nearly all large computer systems currently in
operation. As a model of total logic, those computer systems that use only the last two
digits of the year in their date fields will not be able to place "00" following
"99" at the turn of the century when 1999 ends and the year 2000 begins. Though
massive programming and testing efforts are underway worldwide, there are still some who
refuse to believe that the glitch will present any real problem. The US government expects
to spend nearly $2.3 billion on rectifying the problem within governmental systems; cost
estimate to the private sector is between $300 billion and $600 billion before January 1,
2000. Bibliography lists 32 sources. Projmana.wps
Y2K / What Does It All Mean? : 21 pages
in length. It has been the center of concern and conversation for years; the buzz it has
created is unprecedented. For an outsider to assess the situation, one would have no doubt
that the world was truly going to come to an end at precisely midnight, January 1, 2000.
What is all the furor surrounding this particular date? In a word: Y2K. All throughout the
1990's -- and even earlier than that -- the world's businesses and governments have been
focused upon the very possible shutdown of all computerized systems when the new
millennium arrives. It seems quite illogical that the mere changing of a year can
instigate such a momentous situation; however, as the century is finally coming to a
close, people are beginning to realize that there is more than just a little bit of truth
to the impending crash. The writer discusses a wide range of topics in relation to the Y2K
bug, with particular emphasis upon the banking industry. Bibliography lists 20 sources. TLC_Y2K.wps
Y2K / Economic Impact of the Y2K [Year 2000
Problem] : An 11 page paper that provides a substantive overview of the background
behind the problem of computer systems and the year 2000, and considers 3 possible
solutions to calming the economic panic swelling and critiques these solutions.
Bibliography lists 15 sources. Y2K.wps
Y2K / Year 2000 / Crisis & Management
: A 10 page overview of the predicted computer/communications apocalypse and
management techniques. The author concentrates on two areas of concern, date coding and
the introduction of viruses based on the millenium and other biases. However, the larger
view is taken of "mainstream" date coding problems, and considers audit cases
and costs. Mitigation focuses on internal and global management of the problem.
Bibliography lists 15 sources. Y2kcris.wps
Y2K / Can The Y2K Problem Be Solved In Time?
: 10 pages in length. Time has run out. No longer can the world sit idly by in a false
sense of security believing that the Y2K problem will be solved prior to reaching midnight
on January 1, 2000. Despite intensive displays of technical modification, it can be argued
that mankind waited just a bit too long before he truly realized the ramifications of not
paying closer attention to the Year 2000 bug. Now that the new millennium is merely months
away, the writer discusses the last ditch effort being made on behalf of all the computer
systems still out there in circulation that have not been made Year 2000 compliant -- and
how many of those are systems that control the very commodities people need to exist.
Bibliography lists 9 sources. TLCY2K.wps
Y2K / The Millennium Bugs Most Obvious
Effects : An 8 page paper discussing the average persons perception of the
effects of the Year 2000 computer date problem. Though the problem can be postponed for 50
years with relative ease for most applications, it still remains likely that there will be
short-term problems for the individual associated with the turn of the century. Some
appliances may not work or not work properly; computer-controlled building maintenance
systems may require manual overrides in order to be heated or to have functional
elevators; small banks may find data either corrupted or completely gone; grocery stores
may temporarily revert to individual pricing and may need to resort to calculators, rather
than cash registers, at the checkout. There is no doubt that it will be a nightmare for
those businesses and government agencies unprepared for it, but the individual should be
affected to a much lesser degree. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Millbug.wps
Y2K / Problem Resolved by Supply & Demand
: An 8 page research paper that looks at 3 economic viewslaize faire,
Keynesian, and supply and demandand determines that from the evidence, the Year 2000
computer problem is and will continue to be resolved by supply and demand. The author
looks at the problem in terms of governmental, corporate and small business costs, and
determines that while all three economic views are treating the problem, supply and demand
has offered the largest pool of solutions to all entities. Bibliography lists 14 sources. Y2ksuply.wps
Y2K : In 5 pages the author discusses
the Y2K Millenium Bug, which affects computers everywhere. The year 2000 Millenium Bug is
a big problem. Why? Because everyone's lives are intertwined with computers and computer
usage. A person goes to the grocery store and the scanner is automated. Computers are
built in to the cash registers. A person gets his or her phone or electric bill. Those
bills are computerized. Automobiles are computerized. Large corporations and small
businesses alike depend on computers for their daily functioning. Many items contain
computer chips, which people don't even think of as computerized. Bibliography lists 3
sources. Bugmill.wps
Y2K / The Y2K Crisis : This 5 page
paper discusses the year 2000 computer crisis. The problem as already resulted in computer
shut-downs when merchants attempt to scan a credit card with an expiry date of 2000 or
beyond. The problem is real and can result in possible mayhem. Why it is a problem and the
possible repercussions are discussed from economical, safety, and everyday life
perspectives. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Y2Kmore.wps
Y2K: The Year 2000 Problem : This
5 page paper explores the subject of the millennium bug by focusing on two particular
articles on the topic. Both pieces address the scope of the concern as being global, and
each in its own way present solutions to fix it. The paper also includes the subject of
contingency plans. Bibliography lists 2 sources. 2000prob.wps
Y2K / Researching Year 2000 Preparedness :
A 5 page paper discussing a proposal for addressing a variety of issues within the banking
industry relating to readiness for the turn of the century. Consensus is that 1999 is far
too late to begin any programming alterations. Possible hypotheses address issues of
vendor compliance; Year 2000 software to prevent adulteration of data; considering
typewriters and manual systems; the possible value of third-party testing; and evaluation
of legal departments preparedness for any litigation resulting in issues arising
beyond January 1, 2000. Bibliography lists 10 sources. KSY2K-2.wps
Y2k / Aviation Management & the Y2K Issue /
The FAA and The Economic Impact: The Y2K problem has had widespread attention in
business journals and the news media, but little has been said about the specific impacts
for particular industries. Though speculators have asserted that the Y2K problem could
have widespread impacts for transportation, especially in the aviation industry, arguments
that these speculations are the perceptions of alarmists and dont actually represent
the scope of the issue has resulted in ineffectual or limited responses by financial
managers in major airlines and aviation companies across the nation. This 25 page paper
reflects the nature of this problem, provides a review of the current literature, and
argues for the most successful plans to address this problem, especially for financial
managers in the aviation industry. Bibliography lists 20 sources. Aviaman.wps
Project Management : A 10 page paper
discussing different aspects of project management. Statistics are offered regarding level
of success, which is considerably lower than one might expect. Reasons for project
failures are discussed as are tools and techniques to use in project management.
Bibliography lists 8 sources. Projmgt.wps
Project Management : An 8 page overview
of project management. Defines the phases in project management: the Definition Phase, the
Analysis phase, the Design Phase, the Programming Phase, the System Test Phase, the
Acceptance Phase, and the Operation phase. Stresses the importance of communication and
effective project tracking on project and organizational success. Bibliography lists 5
sources. Projmng.wps
Project Management : 4 pages in length.
The wave of downsizing in the late 1980s and early 1990s cut deeply into the realm of the
middle manager, who typically served as manager for any project in which his department
was involved. A high percentage of those middle managers are gone now, however. The
project manager that has filled the niche is in the process of evolving to the level of
the professional manager in much the same manner as quality engineers did several years
ago. Bibliography lists six sources. Project.doc
The Accountants Role In Project Management
: A 6 page paper on the role of accountants and an accounting department in project
management. The paper describes the job that a project manager does, and why accountants
are so important for the manager to have. Misp.wps
Project Management / Total Health Plan
: A 12 page paper that describes project management for the development of a
comprehensive health management program for a small company. Includes: work breakdown
structure, task flow, project schedule and reporting, costs, and evaluation of project and
performance. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Totalhel.wps
Principle Types of Manufacturing :
This 5 page report discusses the basic types of manufacturing in the industrial
environment. Most analysts will agree that there are
certain primary types of production systems and a business that already has an established
between manufacturing strategies and production systems are generally likely to perform
better than their competitors who operate without such a fit. Bibliography lists 5
sources. BWman.rtf
The Mechanics Of The Budgeting Process In
Industry : An 8 page paper that provides a concise overview of essential budgeting
process mechanics and evaluates them for a warehouse delivery example. Bibliography lists
6 sources. Budgetp.wps
Manufacturing & Non-Manufacturing Budgeting
: A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the major components of manufacturing
and non-manufacturing budgeting, including a look at the planning and controlling of
purchasing and material usage. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Budgman.wps
An Overview Of Capital
Budgeting : Techniques employed in the process of capital budgeting are
demonstrated in this 10 page paper.The insurance industry is used as an example of how the
capital budgeting process is integral to an overall financial management plan. Industry
trends are noted along with the financial problems Oxford has experienced in the
1990s. A detailed discussion on NPV and IRR is included. Bibliography lists 7
sources. Capbdgt.wps
Capital Budgeting for the Project Manager :
A 6 page research paper on the use and contents of a capital budget in the context of
managing a project. The writer details the development and uses of a capital budget, its
contents, and its theory. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Capbudg.wps
Risk Management In Capital Budgeting : A
4 page essay investigating how managers assess risk when involved in capital budgeting. A
longtitudinal study of Fortune 500 companies conducted between 1980 and 1991 is reported.
Small businesses need to pay particular attention to risk analysis. Bibliography is
included. Risk.wps
Competition Factors and Risk Management :
A 14 page research paper evaluating two common, but fairly new, business risk factors:
sustained slow economic growth and increased (intensive) competition. These two factors
affect nearly every industry in the industrialized nations today, but the focus in this
paper is only on their effects on the overall retail industry in the United States.
Economic growth is only briefly discussed, and only in its relationship to increased
competition. The paper tells the tale of two companies, Toys R Us and Specs Music
Corporation, and the consequences they face today for not having performed their risk
management duties well in the past, and for not evaluating the impact of changing external
factors on their companys performance. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Riskmgt.wps
Risk Management / Comparing Private &
Public Sector : A 20 page paper that provides an overview of risk management in
both public and private sector operations as it relates to budgeting and fiscal aspects.
Bibliography lists 24 sources. Riskprof.wps
Disaster Recovery & Security Risk Management:
A 5 page paper discussing risk management as a necessary business activity in todays
integrated business environment. Disaster recovery is an integral part of managing the
risks businesses face. All management plans must define what losses the business could
sustain and still remain operational, and all irreplaceable records must be protected from
total loss. With todays inexpensive electronic storage capabilities, there is little
excuse for any organization losing information vital to its continued operation, but
businesses must determine what information falls into that category. Bibliography lists 6
sources. Disrec.wps
Records Management in the Information Age : a
5 page research paper that examines how technological innovation is impacting the field of
records management. The writer argues that while many in the profession view this trend
with a somewhat ambivalent attitude, the tide of change that is sweeping over records
management affords those in the profession with an excellent opportunity to increase the
status and standing of records management through the use of their expertise. Bibliography
lists 7 sources. Recman.wps
Leadership v. Management / A Corporate
Perspective : A 20 page paper that compares leaders with managers as well
as leadership and management techniques. This paper considers the significance of
leadership as a primary tool in developing employees and creating better work place
environments. Bibliography lists16 sources. Leadmgt.wps
Effective Leadership : An 8 page
paper on value-based and contingency approaches to leadership. The writer discusses the
relationship of power and followership within the organizational stucture, and cites how
this works in an organization. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Leadersh.wps
Effective Leadership/Management in Business
: A 14 page paper examining what makes an effective leader/manager in business. The
writer discusses models of managerial leadership, what constitutes management and
leadership, what differentiates the two, desirable personal qualities of business leaders,
challenges for managers and leaders in the future and useful coping strategies. The writer
posits, in the conclusion, that leadership is distinct from management and that leadership
is more desirable for success in business. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Leader2.wps
What Creates The Successful Leader? :
An 8 page paper presenting one example each of both the successful and the unsuccessful
leader, with the question of whether each would be equally successful or unsuccessful
under any circumstances and in any given time in history. The example of the successful is
Herb Kelleher, CEO of Southwest Airlines. The unsuccessful channel is filled by William
Casey, former director of the CIA Bibliography lists 6 sources. Suleader.wps
Effective Leaders & Leadership Theory
: A 10 page paper discussing leadership traits as they are defined by leadership
styles. There is no question that the face of the workplace has changed dramatically over
the past few years. Looking backward, however, the traits that define a good manager and
most of those that define a sound employee have really changed very little, even since
Galtons day. Since then, researchers have been working to provide insight into the
general traits of the perennially successful leader, and have found that they have really
changed very little over the years. The bottom line is that people produce more
effectively and in a more sustained manner when they are treated as thinking, rational
adults. Bibliography lists 9 sources. LdrThery.doc
The Privilege of Leadership : A 1
page essay examining aspects of "earning" leadership. The writer explores and
gives examples of what definitively constitutes a good leader. Leaders.wps TOTAL
PRICE FOR THIS ESSAY ONLY $ 12.95 !
Leadership As It Influences Processes :
A 12 page paper that demonstrates the impact of leadership and the influence process on
the structure of organizations. While discussing leadership and its primary role within
different types of organizations, the writer also demonstrates the significance of
individuals within organizations, the importance of organizations within society, and the
interrelationship among all three. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Leaders2.wps
Leadership Techniques & Tradition :
This 15 page paper looks at the marriage between tradition and new leadership methods.
It asks questions on the dilemma posed by change in respect to upholding core values and
traditions from the board room to the pulpit to the classroom. Peter Senges ground
breaking work is referenced. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Techtrad.wps
The Traits of an Effective Manager : A 5
page review of Robert L. Katz's article entitled "Skills of an Effective
Administrator" in which the author discusses the common traits of a good manager. The
"three skills approach" is the focus of the argument which specifically examines
the importance of technical skill, human skill (interpersonal communication), and
conceptual skill. No Bibliography. Manaart.wps
Charismatic Leadership : This 5 page
paper explains why leaders such as David Koresh and Charles Manson had so much power over
their followers. Charismatic authority is defined and explored along with the motivation
of such leaders. The propensity of ordinary people to join cults is also addressed.
Bibliography lists 5 sources. Charlead.wps
The Effectiveness Of Participatory Management
vs. Autocracy : An 11 page paper arguing that participatory management is superior
to autocracy. The autocrats, the "dictators" of the corporate world, are certain
without doubt that participatory management not only does not work, but that there is no
possible way it can. Research and experience with participatory management shows that
employees who are treated like thinking, functioning adults will respond in kind,
enhancing their commitment to their company and increasing their companys
competitive advantage. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Autocrat.doc
The Leader vs. The Autocrat : A 9 page
"Life Learning" paper, written to illustrate some of the advantages of a
democratic management style, learned from practical experience. The paper is written in a
specifically-prescribed style and includes sections headed "Concrete
Experience," "Observations and Reflections," "Abstract Concepts and
Generalizations," and "Applications to New Situations." A detailed
literature review focuses on the shift away from what one author calls the "Darth
Vader School of Management" to one that places customers and employees ahead of
profits, letting the profits catch up later, using the success of Southwest Airlines as an
example of management by principles. Bibliography lists 7 sources. LeadersL.wps
Investigation Into Management Styles : A
28 page thesis paper examining the differences between Hararis "Darth Vader
School of Management" and the principles behind Demings 14 Points, which
provided the foundation for the modern TQM (Total Quality Management) theories. The paper
investigates the hypothesis that while many companies have attempted a change from
old-school management styles, those changes often are only superficial and do not excise
the underlying old-style attitudes. A survey of 20 questions was administered to 30
employees of NorTel, at a manufacturing facility employing more than 7,000 employees.
Bibliography lists 27 sources. Manstyle.wps
Research In Creative Management Styles :
A 60 page research-oriented paper discussing creative management styles. There are
organizations that have not been able to make the transition from the traditional
autocratic or authoritarian (rather than the authoritative) style of management. Today,
creative management styles come in a variety of names: situational contingency management,
the transformational approach, the cultural contingency approach, and value-based
leadership. All, however, have their roots in TQM. Organizations that could not be
successful in implementing TQM generally are not successful in implementing any of these,
either, because all, including TQM, require a corporate culture that supports creativity
and a commitment to change, and values open communication between workers and departments
to the point that they will defend it if necessary. This paper examines the underlying
problems preventing the formation and nurturing of that corporate culture so necessary for
sustaining any creative management style. Bibliography lists more than 50 sources. M-Creatv.doc
"The Myth of a Well-Educated Manager"
: A 3 page review of J. Sterling Livingston's article with same title. The writer
discusses Livingston's thesis that education is not at all an accurate predictor of one's
potential for managerial achievement. Traits such as empathy and an inherent
ability to solve problems are cited as the "real" characteristics needed in
order to become a top administrator. No Bibliography. Manaeduc.wps
Leadership Theory Applied To The U.S. Army
: A 6 page research paper which examines the ways that the American Management
Associations guidelines on supervisory leadership can be applied to the Army. The
writer also discusses the differences between transformational and transactional
leadership and the various implications of research in this area. Bibliography lists 7
sources. Leadus.wps
Mentoring As An Innovative Management System
: A 12 page paper discussing the concept and usefulness of mentoring in management.
Originally begun in business to pull new manager trainees into the position of being able
to make a real difference in their organizations and to show them the bridge between
academic theory and the reality of daily business, mentoring now extends to diverse areas
of focus. Not only is it used in such non-business areas as education, it is also
increasingly used with non-exempt administrative employees for building morale. The paper
mentions these other uses, but its focus is on the use of mentoring programs for advancing
African-Americans and women. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Mentorin.doc
Managing The Poor Performer : This 7
page paper discusses steps to take with the poor performer. Following a general
introduction, the performance management system is discussed in terms of managing for
improvement. Finally, there is a description of five mistakes to avoid when managing poor
employees. Much of the discussion could apply to managing employees in general.
Bibliography lists 5 sources. PGpoor.wps
Corporate Governance / The Past, Present
& Future : A 10 page research paper that offers historical perspective into
the arena of corporate governance. The writer posits that the type of governance currently
employed is a patriarchy that finds shareholders, for the most part, a passive group of
investors, despite the fact that they actually own the company. Different theorists have
recommended specific types of reforms necessary to control what has become an
uncontrollable situation with little or not accountability. What would happen, for
instance, if Block's recommendations regarding stewardship and partnerships were to be
widely implemented? Is this even possible? This writer makes concluding remarks suggesting
some reforms that must, at the very least, be made. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Corpgov.doc
Corporate Responsibility : A 5
page paper outlining the economic, personnel, environmental, and community
responsibilities facing corporations of today. Bibliography includes two sources. Corpresp.wps
Corporate Law / State and Federal Regulation
: An 8 page paper that provides an overview of the issues related to differences
between state and federal regulations and corporate law and considers the implications for
corporate development. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Buslaw.wps
Duties Of The Corporate Vice-President : An
8 page paper on the role & responsibility of executive vice-presidents. The writer
describes expected leadership styles, typical decision-making criteria, relationship to
the C.E.O., and more. Mention is made of the various departmental vice-Presidents that
usually comprise a large organizations. Some of the special qualities prerequisited by
this time-demanding job are discussed as well. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Vicepres.wps
The Role Of The CEO : An 11 page
research paper. The CEO is the companys number one cheerleader, and to a variety of
audiences: the companys workers, the overall public, the community in which the
business is located and the government agencies that might be involved in the operations
of the business. The CEO is present to lead and to encourage, not to "run the
company." The effective CEO must be a good manager, but he also must possess the
wisdom to leave the daily operations to others while he fosters innovation and creativity
in order for his company to more effectively compete in an increasingly competitive and
global market. Southwest Airlines Herb Kelleher, Nikes Philip Knight and
Cokes late Roberto Goizueta are examples included. Bibliography lists more than a
dozen sources. CEO.wps
CEO Compensation / Are They Worth So Much ?
: A 10 page research paper that investigates the salary compensation packages for
CEO's, including the 1996 figures for several CEO's of major corporations. Topics
discussed include: why compensation is so high, comparison to other employees, arguments
for and against high compensation for chief executives and some suggested alternatives to
the present system of paying CEO's. Ceocomp.wps
Theories Explaining Executive Compensation
: A 5 page paper discussing from a sociological view the possible reasons for the wide
discrepancies between worker salaries and CEO salaries of within the same large
corporation. The average CEO salary in a large corporation can be as much as 180 times
that of the same companys production workers. Though the most liberal labor
representatives decry the breadth of the discrepancy and while others claim that the CEO
should be able to collect as much as he can command, many fail to understand that their
are other forces at work. Bibliography lists 1 source. Execomp.wps
Product Liability & Middle Managers : This 11 page paper discusses
the effect product liability lawsuits have on the middle manager. Statistics are reported
regarding the number of lawsuits filed in the U.S. Steps the manager can take to avoid
lawsuits or limit their damage are given. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Prodliab.wps
Negotiating Compensation Or Salary : 10
pages in length. Earning a standard salary and earning what you think you deserve are
usually two different things. Having the right tools will help to negotiate your way out
of an income rut. The writer discusses the necessary requirements for asking for -- and
receiving -- the dollar amount you want. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Negsalar.wps
Larry Flynt's Philosophy of Management :
A 6 page research paper on Hustler's publisher's philosophy and management style. The
writer details his early business career and the lessons he learned, how he ran his
businesses, and how he handled his publishing empire. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Hustler2.wps
Hugh Hefner's Philosophy of Management
: A 6 page research paper on Hefner's philosophy and place in the creation of the
Playboy business empire. The writer details his creation of the magazine, then the
additions of the Mansion, the Clubs, the Bunnies, and other offshoots of the Playboy
philosophy. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Playboy.wps
The Management Style of Lee Iacocca :
This is a 6 page paper on the ways Lee Iacoccas innovative management style during
his years at both Ford and Chrysler changed the face of American business. The paper
particularly deals with the issues of employee responsibility, quality, customer
satisfaction, diversification, and learning from the competition. Bibliography lists 6
sources. Iacocca.wps
Management Skills Of Fords Alex Trotman
: A 5 page paper evaluating the leadership and management abilities of Ford Motor
Companys CEO. Ford has always been a solid performer but never spectacular until
Trotmans programs took firm hold. The 1997 profits of $6.9 billion not only is the
highest in Fords history, it also is the highest of any automaker ever. Trotman
absolutely is proactive, as evidenced by the bold steps he has led Ford in making in his
time there. Of course, Ford was successful before Trotman assumed his role of CEO, but
much of the spectacular performance of recent times can be attributed directly to his
leadership and his efficient and systematic direction of Fords current direction.
Bibliography lists 7 sources. Trotman.wps
The Leadership Styles Of Thomas Jefferson,
Benito Mussolini & Frank Lloyd Wright : This 6 page paper examines the
individual leadership styles of the democratic U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, the
autocracy of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and the laissez-faire style of American
architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Leadstyle.wps
Learning From Custer : A 10 page
paper that considers General George Armstrong Custers leadership skills in light of
todays business management standards. The writer examines Custers successes
and failures in comparison to the requirements organizations have of their managers and
supervisors. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Gcuster.wps
Henry Mintzberg & The Five Basic Parts Of
The Organization : This 5 page paper briefly describes Mintzberg's five parts in
an organization. The writer then offers an outline of his five coordinating mechanisms.
Together they offer the manager a solid place to begin in improving management tasks. Mintzberg.wps
Management-Employee Conflict : A
5 page paper discussing the ways in which conflict between employees and their managers
can lead to innovative techniques or advances in commercial product development.
Bibliography lists six sources. Manemcom.wps
Simon-Modeled Corporate Decision Making :
An 8 page paper discussing Herbert Simons Theory of Suboptimization and
drawing correlations between it and the non-profit organization. The theory recognizes
that managers work under conditions of "bounded rationality." Managers must make
decisions at the time the decisions are required, and they may not have available all the
information with which to arrive at the optimal decision. Also, they may not be fully
aware of the meaning information that they do possess, and the resulting decision is one
that is less than optimal. According to Simon, it is suboptimal: "good
enough," but not the best possible. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Simon.wps
Managers & Decision Making : This
6 page research paper investigates some of the multitude of aspects involved in decision
making. The writer's hypothesis is that managers can and should have confidence in their
decision making abilities as well as in the decisions they make. By following certain
principals and avoiding different perspectives in thinking, decisions can be made and
implemented with full confidence. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Decmake.wps
Management Decisions and External Factors
: This 5 page report discusses the ways in which external factors such as the economy,
prices, socio-political atmosphere, competition, and much more, influence management
decisions in business. Just as people do not operate independent of their peers,
businesses and other organizations do not operate independently from the environment
in which they exist. Bibliography lists 4 sources. BWextern.rtf
Managerial Excellence : A 5 page
outline of a research proposal on managerial excellence. This research proposal outlines a
specific case study. Bibliography lists 19 sources. Manexce.wps
Competitive Intelligence : A 12 page
paper that provides an overview of the value and techniques in competitive intelligence
in business. The writer demonstrates the significance of this system for corporate
decision makers; suggests specific techniques used in gathering, analyzing and
disseminating information; suggests companion technologies that improve the level of
information; applies these techniques to current situations; and provides a list of
definitive advantages and disadvantages within competitive intelligence systems.
Bibliography lists 12 sources. Compint.wps
Sales Training / Observation & Analysis
: An 8 page paper in which the writer reviews the training techniques, procedures, and
overall style of a sales manager observed while teaching a new class of sales reps the
'ins and outs' of cold canvassing. Issues concerning sales pitching, handling common
objections & rebuttals from customers, territory selection, and more are covered. The
writer is particularly concerned with the way the sales manager appeals to the psychology
of his team while offering colorful anecdotes and metaphors to maintain their interest
throughout the entire class. The writer also accompanies this group on their first day in
"the field" and outlines their progress and productivity in selling-- under the
manager's guidance. No bibliography. Trianin.wps
Shoplifting & Loss Prevention In Retail
: Loss due to theft is one of the greatest challenges faced by retail stores in our
contemporary society. Despite an increased emphasis on preventive measures such as video
surveillance and computerized alarm tags; many retail outlets still have not yet been able
to effectively control shoplifting. This 12 page research paper analyzes security
techniques used to combat shoplifting and theft in retail & other environments.
Specific training & watch programs and high-risk products are used to illustrate
points made. A section on loss prevention & employee theft is also included.
Bibliography lists 7 sources. Shoplift.wps
Review of "How Management Teams Can Have
a Good Fight": A 5 page paper reviewing the article named in the title. While
conflict is not necessarily bad, there are ways of handling it that are. Psychologists say
that without conflict, there is no reason to change and that conflict provides
opportunities for making improvements in both processes and relationships. The key for
conflict management is to ensure that everyone concerned "fight fair" and stay
focused on the issue at hand rather than attack the individuals involved. This paper
reveals some of the characteristics of the most successful executive conflict resolution
management teams. Bibliography lists 1 source. Review5.doc
Government Contracting / The Contractor : This
10 page paper investigates the issues relative to contracting with governmental agencies.
The writer presents a step-by-step procedure for locating opportunities, completing the
forms, and administering the contract. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Govtcont.wps
Getting Things Done / The ABCs Of Time
Management : A 5 page paper providing a basic overview of Edwin Bliss book
of same title. The writer provides appropriate recommendations based on this overview. No
additional sources cited. Bliss.wps
Hyrum W. Smiths "Ten Natural Laws Of
Successful Time & Life Management" : A 5 page paper discussing this book
on time management written by the CEO and president of the Franklin/Covey Corporation.
Bibliography lists two sources. Hyrum.doc
Time Management / Article Review : In
an era where productivity and cost-cutting have come so largely into play, the variable of
time can not be left out. Quicker speeds influence productivity and greater velocity
improves delivery to the customer. This 4 page essay reviews two articles on the
importance of time management and other issues relevant to the productivity of modern
business organizations. No bibliography. Timearti.wps
Time Management : A 4 page research
report on how students who are also employed in the workforce can learn to manage their
difficult schedules. Specific suggestions are offered to take advantage of peak studying
times, utilize "waiting" periods which are often wasted, and analyze ones
personal schedule as school/work patterns change. FREE Outline included. Bibliography
lists 3 sources. Timema.wps
Time Management / Steps To Success : A
10 page research paper on time management and its importance to the individual in
today's fast-paced, production-orientated society. Steps necessary in the effective
management of one's time are discussed including : task prioritization, planning, setting
of deadlines, etc; Problems and obstacles to accomplishing such goals are explained as are
ways to overcome them. Decision-making is of primary importance to this discussion.
Bibliography lists 11 sources. Timeman2.wps
Chester Barnard & Organizational
Management :14 pages in length. Discusses the life, work, and philosophies of
Chester I. Barnard; pioneer of Organizational Theory in Management in the early twentieth
century. Barnard wrote several important books in early management theory including :
"The Functions of the Executive." Bibliography lists 3 sources. Barnard.wps
The Scientific School Of Management :
A 6 page study of the first management theory -- formulated by Frederick Taylor before the
turn of the century. Always one wanting to "improve" standard, Taylor was the
initiator of time studies and assessment of numbers of movements workers made in order to
complete a task. The first major outgrowth of Taylors work was that of Walter A.
Shewart, who introduced statistical analysis to Taylors model. Shewarts
protegé, W. Edwards Deming, is now known as the father of Total Quality Management (TQM).
Taylors name is not well known today, but his theories, more than 80 years after his
death, are the principles by which McDonalds determines the desired flipping rate
among their employees who are cooking hamburgers. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Scimgt.wps
The Contemporary School & The Rise of TQM
: A 6 page paper on the attitudes underlying the contemporary school of management and
the evolution of Total Quality Management (TQM) and its effects on
American manufacturing. From the beginnings established by Frederick Taylors time
studies and efficiency of movement in accomplishing a task evolved what became not merely
a management theory, but a way of corporate life for those organizations that will allow
it. Bibliography lists 14 sources. Tqmsk.wps
The Theorists Of Total Quality Management
: A 15 page research paper on some of the most influential theorists behind the
evolution of Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM by any name is the goal of nearly all
businesses today: maximizing productivity and profitability while simultaneously reducing
costs. Walter Shewhart originated the idea that quality control could be statistically
measured and enhanced; W. Edwards Deming was his assistant and expanded Shewharts
original theory into the concept we know today as TQM. Joseph M. Juran was a contemporary
of Demings, and followed Demings presentations in Japan with ideas of his own.
K. Ishikawa tailored the American ideas specifically for the Japanese, and his ideas were
exported all over the world. Ishikawas work and the early indifference of American
manufacturers to issues of quality are the primary reasons many believe that TQM is of
Japanese origin. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Tqm2.wps
TQM / Is It Effective In Reaching Quality Goals?
: A 50 page research paper that considers the topic of TQM and its implementation,
provides and overview of the history and its principles, and then evaluates its
application in terms of its effectiveness in quality goal outcomes. This writer examines
TQM implementation in one company to illustrate case points. Bibliography lists 22
sources. Tqmeff.wps
TQM in a Manufacturing Environment : A
10 page research paper on Total Quality Management from a production
perspective. The paper gives a brief history of TQM, a literature review and
recommendations on implementing TQM. Bibliography lists 10 sources. TQM.wps
Total Quality Management & Organizational
Climate / Journal Article Review :
An 11 page critique of a journal article on TQM using other articles as a measure
by which to critique it. There are several references available on the implementation of
Total Quality Management (TQM), and dozens with reports of how it "fails" in
two-thirds of the attempts to implement it. Those companies unsuccessful in making TQM a
foundation of their business most often have selected only a few of the principles of the
entire TQM philosophy, however, choosing to attend to the mechanics of the philosophy
rather than the underlying principles of attention to customers and employees. The paper
includes a short glossary of terms. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Tqmcrtic.wps
Deming and Senge / Management Theory
Applied To Hotel Human Resources :
A 17 page research paper that explores the basic tenets of both Edward Deming's Quality
Management and Peter Senge's Learning Organization. The major points of each
management approach are discussed in depth including how they interact with each other.
Suggestions are also made in terms of how these approaches can be applied to service
industries. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Demhotel.wps
TQM & The Business Of Education :
In this 18 page research paper, the writer discusses the possibility of implementing
principles of TQM (Total Quality Management) in higher education.
Case examples of schools that have already adapted TQM policies are included to illustrate
key points that are made. Bibliography lists approximately 10 sources. Tqmedu.wps
Implementing Total Quality
ManagementImplications for Middle Managers :
A 65 page paper discussing reasons for failure of TQM implementation, particularly
as it applies to middle managers. The paper gives an overview of the approaches to TQM of
Deming, Juran and Crosby, and focuses on Deming's 14 Points as the basis for
properly-applied TQM practice. Deming's philosophy of management within the framework of
TQM leaves no room for authoritarianism or autocracy; participative management is required
if TQM implementation is to be successful in any firm of any size. The paper includes
discussion of a mail survey identifying three middle-management attitudes toward TQM's
potential effects on their jobs, including detailed descriptions of both observed and
potential limitations of the study. It concludes that middle managers have legitimate
fears that can be overcome with Deming's admonishment to invest in training and education
of all employees, including the middle managers of which Deming himself made no mention.
Bibliography lists 31 sources. Toqumgt.wps
Management & Control of Quality :
A 15 page paper discussing quality issues in both manufacturing and service industries.
The paper gives a brief history of Total Quality Management (TQM), as well as the impetus
of American manufacturing to adopt it. At the time that TQM became so popular, there were
other factors involved in American buying decisions aside from only quality. Unemployment
was high, inflation was nearly out of control and mortgage rates were the highest they had
ever been. Consumerism was healthy, but buyers needed to believe that products would last
and serve them well. Business and private customers alike have come to view perfection as
a minimum standard, and customer desires now are as much of a quality issue as is zero
defects. The paper explores continuous process improvement as a necessary business
practice and managements role in ensuring that it can flourish. Bibliography lists
12 sources. Mancont.wps
Pursuing the Customer Component of Total
Quality Management : A 21 page paper discussing the customer satisfaction aspect
of TQM, which has been characterized as the least painful way to achieve the levels of
efficiency necessary to gain and keep competitive advantage in today's increasingly
competitive business climate. Its focus often is that of internal operations only with
little regard for the customers views of the organizations efforts, with a
common result that the organization accomplishes fine internal advances but fails to
impress customers and therefore increase business. Customer surveys can provide invaluable
information in ways the firm can better serve its customers, thereby more surely growing
its business. In this paper, ABC Company surveys a sample of 100 customers and makes
valuable discoveries that have the potential of being beneficial to the company.
Bibliography lists 27 sources. KStqmcust.wps
Customer Value Management At Marks & Spencer
: This 15 page paper investigates customer value management and customer value
analysis and applies the concepts to the practices Marks and Spencer seem to implement
and/or |