A Definition of Philosophy : A 5 page paper discussing several points discussed by Stephen Clark, including discovering what philosophy is, definitions of reality and truth as they are used in philosophical discussions, how people tend to be alike whether drawn to philosophy or not and which of the ancient philosophers may have been closest to discovering truth. Bibliography lists 1 source. Phildefi.wps

Intent Of Philosophy Throughout History Analyzed: A 15 page paper which discusses philosophy from a historical and contemporary standpoint to explore its intention and its impact upon the general public. To illustrate the influence of philosophy on man, the works of the ancient Greeks, Confucius, Rene Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Sartre. Bibliography lists 20 sources. Phist.wps

Causality in Western Philosophical Thought Since Descartes / The Perspectives of Kant, Locke & Nietzche : This 5 page paper considers the perspectives of philosophers like Kant, Locke and Nietzche regarding the nature of causality in understanding human existence and perspectives on issues like idolatry and religion. This paper relates the perspectives of Kant in works like "Critique of Pure Reason" to Locke’s "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" and Nietzche’s "Twilight of the Idols." Klnd.wps

Philosophy / Interdisciplinary View : A 5 page research essay which shows how philosophy relates to all of the other disciplines. Relationships formed by the writer include those between various philosophers and government, biology, genetics, education, literature, art, sociology, psychology, scientific method, and computer science. Bibliography lists 13 sources. Phildisc.wps

Plato Vs. Hobbes : A 10 page, critical comparison of views presented by Plato in "The Republic" and by Hobbes in "Leviathan" as they relate to evaluative assessments of various governmental forms & political theory. Bibliography lists 9 sources.  Hobbplat.wps

Plato vs. Hobbes # 2 : A 6 page analytical comparison of views on Democracy and the state as argued by Plato in his "Republic" and Hobbes in "Leviathan." No additional bibliographic references. Hobbpla2.wps

Thomas Hobbes / Metaphysics & Politics : A 6 page paper that provides an overview of Hobbes metaphysical considerations as they relate to both politics and religion and considers these elements in terms of Hobbes’ Leviathan. No additional sources cited. Thob.wps

Thomas Hobbes & The Expression Of Human Experience : A 5 page paper on the views and Philosophies of Thomas Hobbes. The writer provides a brief history on Hobbes' life, but mainly talkes about his political and social beleifs. Bibliography included. Hob.wps

Thomas Hobbes And His "Modern" Notions Of Security : This 10 page report discusses the ideas of Thomas Hobbes as they applied to the modern dilemma of security. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Hobmod.wps

Hobbes and the Nature of Man : A 4 page paper discussing Thomas Hobbes' philosophy of the nature of man contrasted with that of St. Augustine. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Hobman.wps

The Leviathan State of Nature : A 4 page essay examining how Thomas Hobbes’ state of nature is an "inference from the passions" of human kind. When Hobbes discovered Euclid’s methods of logic, he set about examining the need for and the inevitability of the existence of government using Euclid’s methods. Hobbes began with three basic assumptions from which to build: (1) justice and morality were products of government, not innate qualities of man; (2) all human motivation springs either from the desire for personal pleasure or the fear of pain; and (3) while there are physical and mental differences between individuals, those differences pale in connection with membership in a group. Under the last assumption, anyone was capable of overpowering any other one at any time. Hobbes concluded that in a state of nature, life would be every man against every man. Hobbes.wps

Hobbes’"Leviathan" vs. John Milton’s "Paradise Lost"/ Science & Religion : This 6 page research paper examines the scientific and religious views of man and the cosmos offered by Thomas Hobbes’ The Leviathan (1651) and John Milton’s Paradise Lost (1667). Bibliography lists 2 sources. Levlost.wps

The Fool In Thomas Hobbe’s "Leviathan" : This 6 page report discusses Thomas Hobbes "fool" and presents the fool’s argument and analyzes it in terms of Hobbes’ logic as well as Hobbes’ response to the fool. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Levifool.wps

Hobbes & Burke / Two Founders Of Modern Conservatism : An 8 page paper that considers the claim that Hobbes and Burke, --though there are few similarities in the views they expressed--, share the role as founders of modern conservatism and compares their views on man, human nature and government with the views of liberals like Mill and Locke. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Hobbur.wps

How Francis Bacon Influenced Thomas Hobbes : A 7 page paper that discusses the impact that Francis Bacon had on the development of writings by Thomas Hobbes. Though Hobbes has denied, by omission, any correlation between the development of his philosophical theories and the year he spent in the employee of Francis Bacon, critics and philosophical scholars alike have compared their similarities and commented that the relationship between these two men must have been the springboard for Hobbes focal transformation from classical literature to social philosophy. Hobbacon.wps

Theories of Sartre and of Hobbes : Approximately 9 pages worth of short essays on Hobbes and Sartre including theoretical examples of how they would most likely contradict one another on various issues. No Bibliography. Hobbsart.wps

Jean Paul Sartre, Plato, & Hobbes / Comparative Philosophy : 7 pages worth of essays comparing the philosophies of Sartre with those of Plato and anticipating how one would criticize the other's reasoning. Sartre is regarded as more of a humanist than Plato and another philosopher -- Hobbes is also brought into the discussion as the writer makes relevant comparison between "The Republic" and "Leviathan." No Bibliography. Sartrevp.wps

Jean Paul Sartre -- Critique of Reasoning On Being & Consciousness : A 10 page essay on Sartre's theories concerning the structure of being and the nature of consciousness. The writer analyzes and critiques Sartre's philosophy providing a number of insightful examples in this well-reasoned essay. No Bibliography. Sartre.wps

Jean Paul Sartre's "No Exit" : (work is also known called "Hois Clos") In this 8 page paper, the writer argues that the concept "Hell Is Other People" is the primary theme of this classic existentialist drama ("No Exit" is a one-act play by Sartre) and it is just as resonant today as it was more than fifty years ago. Sartre's existentialist philosophy is examined in great analytical detail and the paper remains most concerned with explaining precisely what Sartre meant by "No Exit" and how it applies to everyone's life. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Noexitsr.wps

No Exit by Jean Paul Sartre : It is commonly believed that the theme presented by Jean Paul Sartre in his 1944 play, No Exit was "Hell is other people". By exploring the other writings of Sartre one can begin to understand that the concept he was elucidating in the play was the exact opposite of the externalization of negative emotions. Rather, the play was another forum he chose in which to answer to the critics of the philosophy of existentialism. This 5 page paper asserts that the theme espoused by Sartre is actually the quest for freedom as defined by the individual's acceptance of oneself and the choices made throughout one's lifetime. Bibliography lists 3 sources. KTsartexit.wps

Sartre’s "La Nausee"/ Motif of Nausea : A 9 page paper examining the significance of the protagonist’s sensation of nausea throughout this book. The paper concludes that for Sartre, the nausea symbolizes his protagonist’s ultimate recognition of life’s futility. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Sartnaus.wps

Sartre and Moral Certainty : A 5 page paper that provides an overview of Sartre's existential beliefs in regards to moral certainty. Sartre attacks moral certainty based on his belief that each man is solely responsible for his own actions, and therefore, any collective determinant of morality would not exist. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Sartcert.wps

Jean Paul Sartre’s "The Wall" : A 1 page summary of Sartre’s short story. It reflects Sartre’s interest in the ultimate lack of causality in life through the depiction of the "last night" of a group of prisoners condemned to die in the morning. The narrator in fact does not die, but he might as well have, because he has psychologically been absorbed into the wall separating life from death, and there is no going back. No sources. Sartrwll.wps

Visions of Hell and Utopia in Sartre, Voltaire, and More : A 5 page paper discussing whether the three condemned characters of Sartre’s play would have had a more productive life in More’s "Utopia" or Voltaire’s "Eldorado" (from "Candide"). The paper concludes that despite the fact that the most famous line from "No Exit" is Garcin’s exclamation that "Hell is other people," Hell is really in yourself, and no physical Utopian surroundings can transform it into heaven. No additional sources listed. Visions.wps

Comparison of Quintilian & Burke / Philosophy Of Rhetoric : This 12 page paper compares Quintilian's and Kenneth Burke's thoughts on the subject of rhetoric, offering some examples of how each approached persuasion and argument. Many similarities exist between the two such as their emphasis on moral and ethical acts. Quintilian's schema for teaching one how to become a perfect orator is included as are discussions regarding Burke's pentad, logologic, and consubstantiality. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Quintbur.wps

Kenneth Burke’s "Terministic Screens" Applied To "The Hunt For Red October" : A 5 page paper which examines Kenneth Burke’s book, Terministic Screens, to determine how the film The Hunt For Red October supports the Burkean position. Bibliography lists 1 source. Termhunt.wps

"The Fully Saturated Self Becomes No Self At All" & "Hunt For Red October" : In 16 pages the author discuses "The Saturated Self" and "The Hunt for Red October." "The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life " by Kenneth J. Gergen is a study of how travel and communications technology has fragmented experience such that one's idea of the self is obsolete. Gergen states that "The fully saturated self becomes no self at all." The movie version of "The Hunt for Red October" is examined while answering the question "To what extent does 'The Hunt for Red October' support Gergen's statement?" No additional sources cited. Selfsat.wps

Descartes’ Cartesian Circle : A 10 page paper that describes the basis for Descartes Cartesian Circle, and then presents the perspectives of two recognized theorists, who challenge the applicability of Descartes mathematical processes. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Cartesia.wps

Descartes / On Intellect & Knowledge : A 5 page paper that describes Descartes basic theory behind the development of intellect and knowledge as they relate to perceptions of experience. Descartes believes that any understanding of intellect or knowledge of the world around must be based in a deductive process of the mind and not in the constantly variable realm of experience. Because experience can be both true and false, Descartes argues that this makes experience an impossible basis for the knowledge. This paper gives primary support for a major theory of Descartes: "I think therefore I am." Descinte.wps

Descartes’ Meditations / All : A 6 page essay summarizing the important points of this major work in philosophy. The writer covers each of the meditations plus preface, explaining their relationship to one another and tracing the arguments presented. No additional sources cited. Medit.wps

Descartes’ Meditations / Modern Aspects Of Discourse : A 9 page analysis of Descartes’ Discourse and Meditations in regards to how they relate to the modern world. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Descar.wps

Descartes’ Meditations On First Philosophy : A 5 page essay explaining Descartes philosophy and why it was so revolutionary. Descartes.doc

Descartes’ First Meditation / Dream Doubt : A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the premise of dream doubt as presented by Descartes in his "Meditation I" and suggests why arguments using examples citing perception are not effective retorts to Descartes premise. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Descdoub.wps

Descartes / First Meditation : A 5 page essay on the meditation of philosophy by Descartes. The author analyzes the arguments for Descartes belief in universal doubt and the existence of God. Desmed.wps

Descartes' First Two Meditations : A 5 page analytical discussion of Descartes' first two meditations. No Bibliography. Descarte.wps

Descartes' Third Meditation : A 5 page comprehensive analysis of Descartes' third meditation in which the philosopher affirms that he is a thinking being who doubts and affirms, denies and knows. From this foundation, Descartes presents and evaluates arguments concerning God's existence. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Descart2.wps

(more papers on DESCARTES in the "traditional philosophies" section !)

Descartes' Meditation on Knowledge : A 2 analytical page essay on this Meditation, with particular emphasis on Descartes' method of doubt. No Bibliography. Descart3.wps

Descartes' First Three Meditations and Human Knowledge : A 6 page analysis paper on how man can know anything in reality and what if life is all a dream. The writer details Descartes' philosophy of knowledge with particular emphasis on principles described in the first three meditations. No additional sources cited. Descknow.wps

Descartes’ Meditations / The Mind Is More Easily Known Than The Body : A 4 page essay discussing Rene Descartes "Meditations" and his assertion that the mind is more easily known than the body. The "wax example" is also briefly discussed. No additional sources cited. Descmind.wps

Descartes’ Meditations / Senses : This 5 page research paper examines French philosopher Rene Descartes assessment on the reliability of sensory perceptions and whether or not the senses can be trusted. Specifically discussed are Descartes' deductive reasoning as it appears in his Meditations on First Philosophy, and an evaluation of his argument. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Sensean.wps

Descartes / Essays on.. : 8 pages containing three essays on Descartes (Two are 3 pages in length each and the remaining is 2 1/2 pages). Examined are the nature of the soul, God, consciousness etc; Please write for more information. No Bibliography. Descessa.wps

Descartes / Of Sound Mind and Body ? : This 7 page paper seeks to prove the hypothesis: In doubting the truth of every intellectual proposition, and conversely by transcending doubt simply through a belief in his own existence, Descartes shows the flaws in his methods. He requires that his methods be based on rationality and fundamental truth, but these are assumed by Descarte and subjective to his whimsy. In all, Descartes was only rationalizing truth for himself. Therefore, we must look at scientific inquiry based on Descartes methods as inherently flawed. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Rene.wps

Descartes / Of Sound Mind and Body ? -- Version 2 : A 9-page paper postulating that : In doubting the truth of every intellectual proposition, and conversely by transcending doubt simply through a belief in his own existence, Descartes shows the flaws in his methods of deductive reasoning through the processes of skepticism. He requires that his methods be based on rationality and fundamental truth, but these are assumed by Descarte and subjective to his belief systems. In all, Descartes was only rationalizing truth for himself. Therefore, we have looked at scientific inquiry based on Descartes methods as inherently flawed--with some exceptions. Bibliography lists 8 source. Rene2.wps

The Mind-Body Problem : An 8 page paper discussing the mind-body problem, also known as Cartesian Dualism. The writer argues that Cartesian Dualism is one of the factors that has encouraged the mindset, predominant in the Western world, that the mind has greater access to knowledge than the body. Such negation of "physical" knowledge has limited many aspects of human potential. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Mindbody.wps

Descartes and Sartre/Differences in Philosophy : A 2 page research paper that compares and contrasts the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre with that of Rene Descartes. In so doing, the writer basically looks at the differences between the Enlightenment and the postmodern era. Bibliography lists 2 sources. 90sar&des.wps

Rousseau's Response To Descartes ‘Dream Demon’ : A 4 page paper that argues against Rousseau's perceptions of Descartes "dream demon", his belief that man can not distinguish between reality and dream and must, therefore, not base the development of reason on reality. Rousseau's pragmatic belief that man has no reason to believe their are no physical objects and good reason to believe that there are physical objects consists of faulty logic. No additional sources cited. Rousdesc.wps

Rousseau -- First and Second Discourses / A Return to the Past : A 5 page paper that supports Rousseau's arguments for a return to the past based in his First and Second Discourses. This paper provides an overview of Rousseau's perceptions of society, including the new focus on knowledge, and demonstrates the way these perceptions developed his belief to move back to the past and a religious focus on morality. The primary source is cited. Rousseau.rtf

Russell vs. Descartes’ Dream Demon : A 4 page paper describing Russell's reactions to Descartes "dream demon" and his belief that Descartes' reasoning in regards to existence and doubt is faulty. This paper presents Russell's belief, in contrast, that sense-data supports the existence of the physical object, and that doubt, though it is possible, is not probable. No additional sources cited. Descruss.wps

Rousseau’s "La Nouvelle Heloise" (Julie) : An 8 page paper that discusses Rousseau's sentimental look at the roles dictated by society for men and women according to Enlightenment views with a Rousseau twist. His focus is on the "nature" of the human male and how those needs are to be filled through the "nature" of women for the good of society as a whole. The writers argues that the antiquated views postulated by Rousseau through his novel are still being debated today. No additional sources cited. Rousjuli.wps

"Jean-Jacques Rousseau / Transparency and Obstruction" by Jean Starobinski : An 8 page paper that considers the importance of Starobinski perceptions in presenting the life and philosophies of Rousseau. No additional sources cited. Rousseau.wps

The Life of Jean Jacques Rousseau : This 8 page paper discusses the 18^th century French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau, whose writings inspired the leaders of the French Revolution. Rousseau greatly influenced came to be known as the Romantic generation. He was a social and political theorist, musician, botanist, and is still thought to be one of the most eloquent writers of the Age of Enlightenment. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Jeanjacq.wps

Rousseau’s "Emile" : This 5 page report the book "Emile" by 18^th century philosopher and writer Jean Jacques Rousseau. Rousseau’s principle that man is "naturally good" is expounded on in "Emile." No additional sources cited. Emile2.wps

Rousseau’s "The Social Contract" : A 5 page paper which examines Rousseau’s famous assertion, "Man is born free yet everywhere he’s in chains," and evaluate how this claim is legitimized in the treatise, The Social Contract. Bibliography lists 2 sources. RousSC.wps

Rousseau & Mill on Representation : A 4 page research paper that examines the philosophies regarding representation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his book The Social Contract (1762) and John Stuart Mill a century later in his work Considerations on Representative Government (1861). The writer argues that although Rousseau's opinions are appealing in their purity of purpose, he does not offer a truly workable solution around his objections to representational government. Mill, on the other hand, offers concrete suggestions on how to implement his philosophical outlook on representation; and, therefore, offers the more convincing argument. Roumil.wps

Alienation: Comparing Rousseau’s And Marx’s Views : This 5 page report discusses the concept of alienation and the role it plays in the determination of political thought. Bibliography lists 1 source. Alienvi.wps

The State And Market Economy According To Locke and Rousseau : This 8 page report discusses the opinions of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau as they viewed the state and the market economy as two of the most important institutions in society. Their ideas are compared and contrasted. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Lockruss.wps

Authority To Punish According To Rousseau And Locke : This 5 page report discusses the philosophies of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau in relationship to the authority of the polity to punish criminal behavior. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Punishl.wps

Comparison Of Rousseau's & St. Augustine's Views On Human Nature : In 5 pages, the writer compares the views on human nature of Saint Augustine in his "Confessions", with Jean-Jacques Rousseau's views of nature in his "Second Discourse". Hnature.wps

Berkeley, Descartes & Hume on Human Perception : A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the representative theories of perception outlined by these three philosophers. The writer demonstrates the similarities and differences in theories of perception presented by each. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Humanper.wps

George Berkeley and David Hume – Similarities and Differences : This 5 page report discusses the philosophies of George Berkeley (1685-1753) and David Hume (1711-1176) and compares their similarities and differences. Both held unique and views on the actual existence of any given item and the relationship of the thing to the person who perceives it. Berkhm.wps

George Berkeley & Perception : A 5 page paper that explores Berkeley's theory that nothing can exist outside of perception. This paper demonstrates that Berkeley's contention is based in his understanding of perception as the only means by which a person can determine the characteristics of an object. Because perception is the only means for determining an object, then perception must also be the only way to determine existence. One primary source cited. Berkeley.wps

George Berkeley / To Be Is To Be Perceived : A 4 page paper that address the progression of George Berkeley's arguments towards "esse est percipi" -- to be is to be perceived. His arguments of Hylas and Philanous support the basic argument in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Understanding. Berkeley would contend that the only way an object can be acknowledged is through man's perception of it. The primary source is cited. Berk.wps

The Nature of "Self" : A 6 page research paper and analysis that examines the question: "Does our existence precede our essence?" The writer argues that it does not and substantiates this argument with quotations from Descartes, Hume, Locke and Kant. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Natself.wps

The Concept of "Self"/Enlightenment and Postmodern Philosophy : A 2 page research paper that compares the concept of self in the Enlightenment with that of the postmodern era. The writer particularly addresses how the philosophy of the Enlightenment differed from that of the existentialists. Bibliography lists 2 sources. 90enlitnmt.wps

Existentialism In Pulp Fiction : A 12 page paper that considers the existential notions of Sartre, Camus and Nietzsche as they apply to the Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary screen play "Pulp Fiction." Bibliography lists 6 sources. Pulpfict.wps

Can a Computer Tell a Lie ? : A 10 page paper that postulates that under modern technology, a computer cannot tell a lie. The writer uses intelligent references and humor to explain why today's computer cannot lie because it cannot yet "think"--using an analogy to Descartes' "I think, therefore I am." To prove the technological thesis, the paper discusses thoughts about the human brain, digital "thinking," digital v. neural nets, and how SW programs are helping humans think in their creative endeavors. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Ai.wps

Space, Time, & Matter -- Do They Co-Exist ? : A 14 page essay that looks at what great philosophers such as Descartes and Aristotle thought about the nature of the universe as well as more modern ideas put forward by Einstein and others. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Sptima.wps

Functionalism & The Mind : A 9 page paper that provides an overview of the premise of functionalism presented by Todd Moody and Paul Churchland and then considers its application in determining elements of mental evolution, emotion, consciousness, and artificial intelligence. No additional sources cited. Funct.wps

The Mind-Body Problem : A 10 page paper that presents the arguments relative to the mind-body problems and then makes an individual determination about the significance of Cartesian Dualism as it relates to other basic premises. This paper considers the importance of both monism and dualism in the determination of the most applicable concept in regards to the mind-body problem, and uses both of the concept areas to create an argument is support of Cartesian Dualism. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Mindbody.wps

Mind Body Dualism : A 5 page paper that considers the writings of Fodor, Smart and Cornman in defense of mind-body dualism. In their writings on materialism, each independently finds support for some division between the mind and body. These three theorists support the belief that the non-physical mind can effect physical situations. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Mindbody2.wps

Zagzebski’s "Virtues of Mind": A 6 page paper on Linda Zagzebski’s "Virtues of the Mind: An Inquiry into the Nature of Virtue and the Ethical Foundations of Knowledge," which argues that Zagzebski's theory is valid and based on an inclusive study of why people act on knowledge, and where knowledge is based. The paper posulates that her intent is to not seek to rewrite the current theories, but to combine them. Theories used for the basis of her thesis include: epistemology (virtue), and philosophical and psychological bases of knowledge. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Zagzebsk.wps

Renaissance History / The Moral Philosophy of the Humanists : A 9 page paper that provides an overview of the issue of morality and man's human nature as they relate to the Humanists of Renaissance Europe. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Renhum.wps

Emile Durkheim / Life & Works : 8 pages in length. Analytical biography of Emile Durkheim's (turn-of-the-century German social philosopher) life, works, and philosophy.  Bibliography lists 4 sources. Durkheim.wps

Sociology Of Durkheim’s "Suicide" : This 5 page paper looks at the problem of suicide in the society using recent studies in addition to Durkheim's infamous work . The paper focuses primarily on decision theory and studies that show a connection between certain characteristics and a predisposition to commit the act. Bibliography lists 4 sources Suidurk.wps

Durkheim and the Sociology of Religion : A 6 page paper that provides an overview of some of the major arguments in Durkheim’s sociological perspectives on religion, and then argues against his theory of enacted social practice as the foundation of epistemology. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Durkhei3.doc

Durkheim -- Social Solidarity : The sociological concept is defined and discussed through the eyes of Emile Durkheim in this 3 page essay. The concept is applied to the legal system in modern times. Also discussed is the legislation of morality and the importance of rituals. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Socsolid.wps

Durkheim’s Theory of Ritual and Eliade On Mythology and Ritual : A 6 page paper that considers the implications of Durkheim’s perspectives on ritual as they relate to the arguments presented by Eliade as he outlines the impact of myth and the development of ritual in a social context. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Ritualdu.doc

Social Symbolism in Durkheim and Weber : A 7 page research paper comparing and contrasting how Durkheim and Weber viewed social symbols such as speech, housing, consumption, and class identities to define how those symbols affected and would affect governments and social order. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Cndurkweb.wps

Anomie : This 5 page paper looks at the sociological concept of anomie, primarily through the eyes of Emile Durkheim. Several examples are given. The transitions between Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft, as well as mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity are explained. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Anomie3.wps

Collectivist Theory/ Comte and Durkheim : A 7 page research paper contrasting and comparing the views held by Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim. The writer posits that the two varied in terms of basis: Comte bases his theories in sociological analysis of a number of scientific fields and Durkheim on social theorists. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Cncomdrk.wps

The Durkheimian Tradition Applied To Modern Problems : A 5 page paper examining three problems of today in light of the precepts and theories of Emile Durkheim and several of the sociologists following him who also hold to Durkheimian tradition. The problems discussed are rising incidence of childhood obesity; dangerous school pranks that result in injuries; and abuse of infants that results in critical or even fatal injuries. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Durkheimi.wps

Adultery / A Kantian Perspective : A 7 page paper positing that desire is a mental construct, that curtailing desire is natural to human nature and is formulated by reasoning, that reasoning leads to both individual and community ethics based on moral principles established for the good of the community, and that obligation and duty of individuals within the community establish an ethical foundation for living within the community, therefore we can assume that Kant would support the theory that adultery is disallowed, and therefore unethical. Bibliography lists 4 supporting sources. Kantadu.wps

Euthanasia / A Kantian Perspective : In this 4 page paper, the writer outlines philosophical perspectives on euthanasia as they would most likely be presented by Kant. The writer then advocates euthanasia in this same light. Bibliography lists 3 references. Kanteuth.wps

Ethical Theory / Kantian Perspective -- Abortion Is Not Always Wrong : A 5 age paper arguing that abortion is not always wrong from the perspective of Immanuel Kant. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Aborkant.wps

Kant and The Ethics of Choice : A 5 page paper that investigates significant aspects of intention or consequences on the moral and ethical decisions of individuals. This paper supports Kant's theory that though man may incorporate personal and sometimes selfish considerations into the process of ethical determinations, this does not negate the moral applications of these choices. At the same time, Kant's theories call in to question whether the effects of moral choices, whether good or not, are considered good simply becasue of the intention of the individual making the determination. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Kanteth.wps

Immanuel Kant's Doctrines and Their Relation to Religion : A 12 page paper outlining the basic doctrines of Immanuel Kant. The writer examines his beliefs about goodness and people's responsibility to be good people, and relates that to Utilitarianism and Catholicism. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Kantps.wps

Immanuel Kant’s "Critique Of Pure Reason" : A 5 page paper that provides an analysis of Kant's work and focuses on the ideal of pure reason as a central development. No additional sources cited. Kantreas.wps

Immanuel Kant's 'Supreme Principle of Morality’ : This 6 page research paper examines the morality principle of German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Specifically discussed are the definition of this principle, its intention, and the necessary components to ensure this "supreme morality." Bibliography lists 4 sources. Kantim.wps

Immanuel Kant’s Concept of Good Will Analyzed : A 5 page paper which examines German philosopher Immanuel Kant’s good will principle as articulated in his 1785 work, The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals (also known as The Grounding For the Metaphysics of Morals. Specifically analyzed is why good will is considered to be good, according to Kant, and how it is expressed. Bibliography lists 2 sources. GdWillAn.wps

Kant’s Moral Law And Mill’s Utilitarianism : A 5 page paper discussing beginning differences in Kant’s and Aristotle’s views of the individual’s rights and whether those of the individual are higher than those of the state in which he lives. Kant maintains that the rights of the state overrides those of the individual; Aristotle’s view is that the highest rights are those of the individual. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Kantari.wps

Fichte's Vocation Of Man : A 5 page research paper that examines how the philosophy of Fichte built on that of Kant to form the foundations for the philosophical school of absolute idealism. This analysis of his book The Vocation of Man gives an overview of his philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Vocaman.wps

Utilitarianism, Deontology And Abortion : A 5 page paper discussing the rights of a mentally ill and institutionalized pregnant woman extends to refusing the abortion on which her mother is insisting. Mill’s theory says that all involved must have some common ground of equality, but that equality is not possible for the pregnant woman because of her mental condition. The deontological approach indicates that the woman does indeed have a right to bear her child if she chooses. No bibliography. Deonot.wps

Justice & Its Role In The Functioning Of Society : A 5 page paper that considers the issue of justice and its role in society. This paper looks at the perspectives of both Kant and Plato in evaluating this role. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Justrole.wps

Morality : The subject of morality is addressed in this 6 page paper. Philosophers such as Kant and Epictetus are recognized as well as more contemporary views such as those of Carol Gilligan. The reason why man should behave morally is derived after looking at two basic divisions in thought. The concept of utilitarianism, and its applicability to the discussion, is included as well. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Morality.wps

The Role Of Fallacies In Logical Reasoning : This 12 page philosophical paper defines and examines fallacies in the context of logical reasoning. Specific examples of fallacies will be discussed as well as the role that logic plays in philosophical argument which mislead to the conclusion that fallacies are fact. The paper is organized in an outline format and the bibliography lists 5+ sources. Fallacy.wps

The Philosophy Of Utilitarianism : The slogan "each should count for one and none should count for more than one", something Bentham used in defense of his philosophy, is explored in this 5 page paper. Both utilitarian and opposing views are considered. A division among utilitarianism is also included as are examples to illustrate arguments on both sides. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Uti.wps

Utilitarianism vs. Kant : A 6 page paper on the theories of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. The writer gives an example of an ethical problem and describes what each philosopher would choose to do. Bibliography lists four supporting sources. Kantutal.wps

Kant And Hume On The Metaphysics Of Moral And The Nature Of Reason and Empiricism : This 5 page paper considers the arguments of both Hume and Kant regarding the nature of reason and empiricism, while also reflecting on Kant’s categorical imperative and the empirical reasoning of Hume. This paper evaluates these considerations in Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding and A Treatise on Human Nature. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Kanthu.wps

How Kant and Hume Would React To Plato’s "Euthyphro" : A 6 page paper that discusses the possible reactions of Immanuel Kant and David Hume on Plato's "Euthyphro." Of major consideration is the reactions of Kant and Hume to the concepts of piety, love and family duty as presented within the story of the dialogue between Euthyphro and Socrates. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Euthyphr.wps

Kant, Hegel, Nietzche, & Heidegger – How Did Each Of Them Define Art? : This 12 page essay reviews the similarities and differences between four of the great thinkers of the past 200 years. No bibliography. Artph.wps

John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism : A 5 page paper that describes Mill's presentation of the principles of Utilitarianism, but also demonstrates Mill's particular concern for the essential nature of man's intellect. This paper recognizes the importance of Mill's considerations on a societal level as well as recognizing the personal considerations of each man. Bibliography includes 1 source. Utalitarianism.wps

Mill, Carlyle & Victorian Society : A 7 page paper showing how Thomas Carlyle and John Stuart Mill influenced the Victorian age as much as they were influenced by it. It shows how their philosophies informed the age they lived in, and how their influence stretched into the twentieth century as well. Bibliography contains two sources. Millcar.wps

‘Justice’ As Seen In The Koran, The Old Testament, & Plato’s "Republic : A 5 page paper discussing the foundation of justice as it applies in Islam ("The Koran"), Judaism ("The Old Testament of the Bible"), and according to Plato ("The Republic"). A dialog has been imagined between Mohammed, Moses, and Plato regarding the topic of justice. Bibliography lists five sources. Justapp.wps

Thomas Aquinas’ Concept of Happiness Analyzed : This 12 page research paper examines the conception of happiness in human terms, according to Catholic theologian and philosopher, Thomas Aquinas. Specifically discussed are Aquinas’ views on how what constituted happiness and how man could happily live life. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Aquihap.rtf

Philosophy / Evil As A Necessity : A 17 page piece that discusses the merits of three philosophical statements: evil exists but is unnecessary, evil is an illusion and does not exist, and evil is necessary in order to bring about the best possible world. The paper raises these philosophies in regards three issues: terrorism, smoking, and the drug mafia, and postulates that evil is necessary to bring about the best possible world. No sources cited. Evilphil.wps

Voltaire's "Candide" : Two 2 page essays on Voltaire's "Candide." Covered are his various philosophies; the ideas of God, fate and much more. No Bibliography. Candide.wps

Voltaire's "Candide"/ A Philosophical Examination : In 10 well-written pages, Voltaire's philosophy is analyzed and his attempted at depicting a Utopian society in "Candide" is assessed. The writer is extremely critical and supports all inquiries with  existing research. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Candide2.wps

Voltaire's Candide / Rationalism v. Empiricism : This 7 page research paper explores the representation of rationalist and empirical philosophy in Voltaire's 1759 novel, Candide. Specifically, these philosophical theories are examined as depicted in the text and in the protagonists Dr. Pangloss and Martin, as well as evidence of Voltaire's personal preference. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Voltaire.wps

Voltaire’s "Candide" / Underlying Meaning : This 6 page essay focuses on the meaning behind the words in the allegory Candide. The writer discusses a the meanings and ultimate outcomes of the character Candide, his cohorts, and his travels. No additional sources cited. Candmea.wps

Voltaire’s "Candide" / An Analysis Of Its Strange Ending : A 5 page essay on Voltaire’s famous novel. The paper argues that the happy ending, which critics have always found to be at odds with the social criticism of the novel, is in fact perfectly consistent, and is itself satirical. Bibliography lists two sources. Cand.wps

Comparing Fanon & Foucault : A 5 page research paper which examines the similarities between two great French philosophers: Frantz Fanon and Michel Foucault. The writer demonstrates, through an examination of Fanon’s "Black Skin, White Masks," and Foucault’s Madness in Civilization, that the two philosophers agreed on quite a few fundamental points concerning power and the marginalization of minority groups. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Fanonfoc.wps

Changes in Approaches to Epistemology : A 10 page essay on the viability of epistemology as a theory. Known as the ‘theory of knowledge,’ epistemology is discussed in philosophical circles as something that may or may not be alive and functioning: its critics say that the changes in the approaches from the traditional to the analytic has destroyed its practice. Those critics, however, fail to take into account the rapidity and drama of the changes in the world today, and that cultural biases now also must be accounted for in any study of knowledge. The theory is argued to be viable and functioning, even by groups that may be unaware of its formal name. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Epistem.wps

Logic of Scientific Inquiry : Epistemology, or the basic logic and assumptions that underlie systematic, scientific inquiry is based on the fact that scientific knowledge as 'responding construction' is dependent on cognitive relations to reality other than those generated through the senses and through theoretical reflection, which includes the experience of judgment rooted in the self-awareness of the subject. Another approach to analysis of the practices of knowing is critical scrutiny of the sociohistorical context of research programs. The socio-cognitive perspective purports that ideas about reality are constructed through interactions that are processes of meaning creation. This 20 page paper examines different knowledge systems, the purpose of research, the processes of deductive and inductive reasoning, nomothetic and idiosyncratic approaches and normal as compared to revolutionary science. It looks at many of the elements of scientific method such as causality, correlation, necessary and sufficient conditions and types of theories. Bibliography lists 24 sources. KTinquire.wps

An Enlightening Symposium / Philosophy In World Literature : An 8 page transcript of an imaginary symposium set in an eternal "now" in which Jean-Baptiste Moliere, Mme. de Lafayette, Jonathan Swift, François Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Charlotte Bronte, and a Moderator discuss their philosophies. Special attention is given to the dichotomy of reason versus passion, and of the individual versus society. No sources. Panel.wps

Plato Vs. John Locke On The Question Of The Legality Of Marijuana Use : An 8 page paper discussing the philosophies of John Locke and Plato as they relate to the question of whether or not a government has the right to tell citizens not to use marijuana. Bibliography lists three sources in addition to several primary works by both Plato and Locke. Potplato.doc

John Locke's Representationalism on Human Perception to External Objects : This 6 page research paper considers John Locke's representation regarding the perception of external objects, as analyzed in his 1690 treatise, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Specifically discussed is David Hume's criticism of Locke's conclusions in An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748), his objections, and his stronger position concerning perception of external events, objects and causes. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Humelock.wps

John Locke & Western Enlightenment : 5 pages. An overview of the philosophies of John Locke and how these philosophies contributed to Western Enlightenment and were incorporated into documents such as the United States Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Lockwest.wps

The Declaration of Independence & John Locke : An insightful 4 page look at how the theories of philosopher John Locke were carried over into the drafting of the Declaration of Independence. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Declaind2.wps

John Locke’s "Second Treatise On Government": A 5 page paper discussing John Locke’s Second Treatise on Civil Government. Questions of the nature and scope, as well as the purpose of the worker are analyzed alobg with the role of the individual in society. No additional sources cited. Locke2nd.wps

John Locke’s "Second Treatise On Government" / Property : A 5 page paper discussing Locke’s argument for "property" and its social implications. Bibliography lists the text of Locke’s treatise. Lockprop.wps

Locke & Hume On "The Truth Of Knowldge" : An 11 page research essay investigating the "truth of knowledge" according to John Locke and David Hume. Locke and Hume, both empiricists believed ideas come from experiences but Hume wanted to prove that knowledge could be investigated through scientific methods along the lines of Newton. The writer argues that Locke's theories make more sense in terms of how knowledge is gained. Extensive bibliography is included. Humelock.wps

Locke, Berkeley, & Hume / Material Substance : A 5 page paper discussing the varying views of Hume, Locke, and Berkeley in relationship to the concept of material substance. All three of these philosophers were theorists of knowledge but each also had a slightly different opinion in regards to the issue of material matter. Also discussed is the validity of their reasoning, which is actually quite valid in its context. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Lbhmat.wps

Locke & Machiavelli / Politics and the Interests of Man : Machiavelli and Locke both considered the nature of government and man’s individual interests as they relate to governmental structures. Machievelli’s idea of fortune and Locke’s "state of nature" concept both shaped the theorists arguments about the purpose of political life. It has been posited that for Machiavelli, politics is an unpredictable arena in which ambition, deception and violence render the idea of the common good meaningless, while Locke would argue that political or civil society exists only to preserve the rights of the individual. It can be argued that for both Machiavelli and Lock, political activity, then, becomes merely a means of satisfying selfish ends. This 8 page paper considers the nature of this argument, reflects upon the elements presented in Machiavelli’s Prince and Locke’s Social Contract, and evaluates their importance for understanding the underpinnings of government. No additional sources cited. Lockmach.wps

Locke And Arendt On Toleration : A 4 research paper which examines Hannah Arendt's The Human Condition and John Locke's A Letter Concerning Toleration. The writer argues that the roots of Arendt's philosophy goes back to Locke as the differences between their points of view are discussed. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Lock9.wps

David Hume on Causality : A 5 page paper that describes Hume's argument against causality and argues that Hume's contentions as to the limited nature of causality are unfounded. Hume argues that existing knowledge, created from the habitual activities of man, is the only way to perceive an object. Kant, among other philosophers, have disagreed with Hume's belief, noting that objects are based within the context of other objects and causality is a necessary and reasonable assertion. Two primary sources cited. Hume.wps

David Hume 's Attack On Cause & Effect : An 8 page paper that considers Hume's arguments against the philosophical premise of causality supported by other philosophers like Emmanuel Kant. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Humecau.wps

David Hume's Attack On Principles Of Cause & Effect #2 : An 8 page paper that provides an overview of Hume's beliefs regarding cause and effect as presented in his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Humeenq.wps

David Hume’s "Enquiry Concerning The Principles Of Morals" : A 5 page paper discussing David Hume’s "Enquiry Concerning the Principle of Morals" published in 1751. Hume’s theory on the origins of morality and moral distinctions is discussed, as well as arguments against the reduction of all moral feeling of self-interest. No additional sources cited. Humempw.wps

Science and Religion / Can They Co-Exist ? : A 10 page research paper exploring the title question. Two primary questions are discussed: Can science and religion co-exist; and Are space, time and matter on in the same thing? The writer offers two theses. First, science and religion not only can co-exist, they must co-exist. Evidence for this is drawn from a number of philosophers and scientists including Descartes and Wertheim. The second thesis is that space, time and matter are three separate substances with evidence drawn from Descartes, the Deists, and Berkeley. Other philosophers and scientists are also briefly discussed in this paper. Bibliography included. SciRel.wps

Inductive & Deductive Reasoning : This 20 page research paper discusses the philosophical concepts of inductive and deductive reasoning to the development of modern-day logic. The works of numerous historic philosophers are cited. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Indeduct.rtf

Identity of Meaning Theory : A 2 page discussion and analysis of the Identity of Meaning Theory as posited by theorists such as U.T. Place. The writer compares identity of meaning with its opposite : factual existence and concludes that indeed, we don't have to actually know how to describe something before we can describe it. No Bibliography. Idenmean.wps

Hillary Putnam & The "Ready-Made World" : A 5 page paper that discusses Hillary Putnam's theory on the ready-made world and on truth and theoretical processes. Putnam argues that there isn't a ready-made world, that the concept of the world is dependent on a number of considerations in its formation, including perceptions and the concept of realism. This paper argues that Putnam's contentions about the rational acceptablity of theories is flawed because of his cyclical reasoning. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Putnam.wps

Hilary Putnam’s Theory of "Nature of Mental States" : A 3 page paper discussing philosopher Hillary Putnam’s theory of the "Nature of Mental States." Bibliography lists three sources. putnam2.doc

Accepting Either Realism or Idealism as a Philosophy of Life : This 6 page report discusses the philosophies of realism and idealism. What is the basis of each and what are the main philosophical reasons for accepting one over the other? The writer argues from the premise that realism is the more valid philosophy. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Realidea.wps

Origin of the Universe : This 5 page paper looks at Michio Kaku’s theories on the origin of the universe and why they are so important.The subject is discussed philosophically in terms of why man needs to know how the universe began. Hawking is quoted. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Uniorig.wps

Plato’s "Republic" / Allegory of the Cave & Kaku’s Theory Of the Universe : A 5 page paper discussing the possibility that Plato’s "Allegory of the Cave" is similar to the situation human beings find themselves in when facing the complexities of the universe. Different ways of viewing, understanding, and using information changes everything within the sphere of any given existence. Bibliography lists three sources. Cave.doc

Igmar Bergman's "Persona" & Existentialism : Approximately 17 pages detailing the presence and role played by existentialism in Igmar Bergman's "Persona." Included background discussion of Bergman's life & other works as well. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Existper.wps

Phenomenology & Existentialism : 9 pages total. Using theories commonly taught in a philosophy class, the writer of this paper attempts to answer : (1) whether they have yet experienced the world phenomenologically, (2) how modern art helps us to understand ourselves phenomenologically, (3) how capitalism alienates, (4) what Kierkegaard meant by truth as subjectivity, and (5) the importance of epoche. No Bibliography. Phenexis.wps

Albert Camus' "The Stranger" and Existentialism : A 7 page research paper on Albert Camus's novel The Stranger. The writer details the existential themes of the novel, and relates them to the story and the text. Bibliography lists 1 source. Stranger2.wps

Albert Camus' "The Plague" / Death vs. Mankind :A 5 page analytical review of Albert Camus' "The Plague"-- a book detailing the universal condition of man. As described by the writer, the plague itself was meant to be an analogy for that which is hostile towards man... it represents death incarnate. An examination of its presence in Oran follows as it relates to this thesis. 1 additional source is cited. Plague.wps

Isaac Newton vs. William Blake : An 11 page discussion of the move from the Romantic into the Modern World (transitions from Romanticism to Realism) with a comparison & contrast of Sir Isaac Newton and William Blake complemented by a discussion their differences and similarities. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Blakenew.wps

The Concept of a "Just War" : 18 pages on the concept of Just War and its relevant theory as explained and argued by St. Augustine and later by St. Aquinas. The writer also discusses some foundations of this theory in the works of Classic Greek and Roman philosophers as well. Just War during the Roman Empire is compared extensively to Just War during the Middle Ages. The writer concludes with a thoughtful opinion on the injustices of war in general-- except when used as a last resort in the manner specified by Aquinas. Augustine is denounced for his support of a justifiable "unconditional" war and for doctrines which were clearly influenced by the State. No Bibliography. Justwar.wps

Limited Nuclear War : A 6 page paper exploring three main points regarding a "limited" nuclear war: the sociological history of war, the justification for nuclear arms, and the effects of a nuclear war on society and the environment. Concludes with an argument in favor of limited nuclear war. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Limitwar.wps

"Fog and the Friction" / Always Part of the War : A 6 page paper arguing that regardless of how mechanized and technologically advanced warfare becomes, it will still contain the "fog and friction" described by Karl von Clausewitz. While technology will assist on the battlefield, it will not make up for numerous other factors. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Fogfric.wps

Types of War & The Future : A 3 page essay on the three types of war: great power, regional, and internal—and the cultural animosities and technologies behind them. The writer supports the argument that the most likely type of war in the future will be internal conflicts. Bibliography lists 5 sources. 3typewar.doc

Metaphysics / Schlick & Popper : A 7 page paper analyzing the theories of these two philosophers. The writer examines Schlick's position on verification, and Popper's comparison of verification and falsification, as well as his thoughts on Schlick's views. No Bibliography. Metaphys.wps

Language’s Applicability To Metaphysics : A 5 page paper discussing whether language is necessary in conjunction with metaphysics. Metaphysics is rooted in cause and effect; myriad books and articles have been written to discuss the role of language. If it has no part in cause and effect, then it also can have no part in metaphysics.. This is a dispute in metaphysics, and so necessarily must result either in language being necessary or not. The paper concludes that language is necessary for judging validity of statements, but that a more important aspect is that of sound logic. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Metaph.wps

Nietzsche’s "The Antichrist" : A 25 page argumentative essay on the issues and Frederich Nietzsche’s predictions surrounding pity, negation, nihilism, and science on the antichrist in society (all who are not Christian). The writer argues that some of Nietzsche’s points were valid for the antichrist, particularly as they relate to pity, negation and near annihilation. And, while there is little evidence that the development of science suffered from Christianity in this century, as posited, many of the people who perform the acts of science are just as Nietzsche would predict—empty voids without intrinsic instincts or senses about their actions. The paper concludes that despite the book’s emotional and circular format and sporadic truths, it has value for at least one group of readers—the one for which it was written, the Hyperboreans. Bibliography lists 1 source. Nietac.wps

Nietzche’s "The Anti-Christ" : In this 8 page paper, the writer analyzes and critiques "The Antichrist" (1888) by Friedrich Nietzsche. Anticris.wps

Nietzsche’s "The Genealogy Of Morals" / Democratic Prejudice of the Modern Age : This 5 page research paper examines the term "democratic prejudice" which is used by Friedrich Nietzsche in his 1887 treatise, The Genealogy of Morals. Specifically discussed are the concepts of master and slave; good and evil; and how language has been used to perpetuate prejudice throughout history. Bibliography lists 1 source. Demmod.wps

Nietzsche’s "The Genealogy Of Morals" # 3 : This 5 page paper analyzes the third essay of the popular work. The essay addresses a variety of issues, including mental illness and religion, but the primary focus is on asceticism. No additional sources cited. Moralg.wps

Nietzsche’s "The Genealogy Of Morals" : A 5 page essay summarizing and analyzing this work by Nietzsche, including his descriptions of good/evil vs. good/bad, the conscience, punishment and guilt. Nietzsche.wps

Nietzsche's View of Philosophers : A 4 page paper describing Nietzsche's philosophical view of the ancient philosophers such as Socrates and Plato. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Nietview.wps

Nietzsche and the Question of Morality : A 10 page examination of the question of the need for man’s morality as supported by Nietzsche, a German philosopher most often known for what is perceived as his opposition to morality. Concludes that Nietzsche’s work actually supports rather than denounces the need for morality. Bibliography lists seven sources. Moral.wps

Friedrich Nietzsche: Freedom, Science And Politics : A 5 page research paper on the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. This paper details Nietzsche’s views on individual freedom, the use of science in philosophy and the shortcomings of politics. Nihilism and the inadequacies of socialism are also analyzed, with a an extended emphasis on the problems of politics from the viewpoint of Nietzsche philosophy. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Frieniet.wps

Friedrich Nietzsche And Karl Marx: A Critical Comparison : A 6 page research paper comparatively discussing the philosophies of Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche. This paper critically analyzes Marx’s and Nietzsche’s views on freedom, the role of science in society and overall beliefs about the functions of a society as a whole. Bibliography lists 9 sources. Marxniet.wps

Nietzsche vs Freud : A 5 page paper which examines the different views of Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud on how rational and irrational instincts affect human lives and considers whether irrationality is the ingredient for a normal life. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Freudni2.wps

Nietzsche vs. Freud On The Nature Of Good And Evil : A 3 page analysis of the preface to Neitzsche's The Genealogy of Morals and whether or not Freud would agree with his conclusions based on Freud's writing in Civilization and Its Discontents. The writer argues that Freud would agree as he makes similar points in his own book and that both works address the mutability inherent in perspectives on morality. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Freudnie.wps

Essays on the Philosophy of Nietzche : Approximately 15 pages worth of comprehensive, analytical essays on the philosophies of Nietzche. Specifically discussed are Nietzche's views on freedom, gray will, the cardinal instinct of self-preservation, religious guilt, morality, nihilism, and more. No Bibliography. Niezche.wps *Send us E-mail for more information !

Machiavelli and Nietzche : A 5 page paper that considers Machiavelli and Nietzche's perspectives on human nature. The premise of this paper is the comment that these two philosophers present a realistic view of human nature. This paper considers whether this comment is true, and how their perspectives had political and social impact. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Macniet.wps

Problems of Religion : A 9 page paper discussing the views of Karl Marx, Frederick Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud regarding the role of religion in the lives of individuals and assessing the success of each in dismissing its perceived worth. Marx forbade it; Nietzsche ridiculed it as outside the realm of reality for the true thinker; Freud accused it of burdening the human race with the guilt with which we all, according to him, struggle. While each of these philosophers believed themselves to be quite successful in making religion disappear for their own purposes, neither could continually keep it at bay. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Reliprob.wps

Nihilism In Today’s Youth : A 5 page essay on how today’s youth, particularly black males, are demonstrating nihilistic principles in their ‘‘street culture.’’ Bibliography lists 4 sources. Nihilism.wps

The Problem of Evil : A 5 page paper discussing the philosophy on the presence of evil in the world. The writer makes frequent mention of Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel's writings (i.e., "Night") as a counterpoint to the Free Will Defense of St. Augustine. Evil.wps

The Problem Of Evil # 2 : A 6 page paper exploring "The Problem of Evil" using Elie Wiesel’s Night as a foundation. The opinions of other philosophers and theologians, such as St. Augustine, C.S. Lewis, David Hume, and the Bible are integrated into the discussion. Evil2.wps

Captial Punishment / Marxist Ideology : A 6 page argument on why capital punishment should not exist in a country where a client cannot get a fair trial. The writer backs up this premise with Marxist ideology, particularly emphasizing class differences. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Marxcp.wps

Karl Marx / The Man and His Theories : This 4 page paper explores the life of Karl Marx and discusses his theories critically. Concepts included are alienation, class struggle and historical materialism. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Marxpape.wps

Karl Marx: Freedom, Science And Class Struggle : A 6 page research paper on selected theories of the philosopher Karl Marx. Marx’s theories on the freedom within society, the role of science in philosophy and the classic struggle of the working class are presented. The paper concludes with an overview of Marxist philosophy. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Marxfree.wps

Karl Marx and Historical Materialism: This 12 page report discusses Karl Marx’s theory of historical materialism and compares and contrasts it with the ideas of Emile Durkheim on the sociology of religion and Claude Levi-Strauss’s perspective on the universality of the human mind. To a great degree, the idea of historical materialism encapsulates much of what Marx believed to be the fundamental determinants of modern humanity. It is compared with the equally important aspects of religion and structuralism. Bibliography lists 9 sources. BWmarx.rtf

Marx, Darwin And Change : A 5 page paper discussing the opinions of Marx and Darwin in regards to change. They each offer different perspectives of the elements of change in relationship to history, why things change, and the necessity of progress. The works used in discussing these issues are "The Poverty of Philosophy," by Karl Marx and "Descent of Man," by Charles Darwin. No additional sources cited. Marxdar.wps

Marx & Religion : An 11 page research paper which posits that Marx’s theories promoted anti-religious sentiments. The writer explores Marx’s training with Hegel and various views on Marx’s treatment of religion. The writer explores the views of critics who believe Marx purposely left religion out of his theories for the purpose of not confusing the issue of creating a proletarian state, and other critics who view Marx as being anti-religion to the point of stealing his ideas from the Rerum Novarum. Of Marx’s theories explored are "The German Ideology" and the "Manifesto of the Communist Party." Bibliography lists 10 sources. Cnmarxre.wps

*For More papers on KARL MARX, Please goto Political Science/Political Theory and/or Sociology/Theorists !*

State Imposed Morality -- Three Views : An 8 page research paper on the views of Freud, Machiavelli, and Aristotle on whether the state can make people moral. The writer details the ideas of virtue and the nature of man according to each of the writers, and discusses the nature of the individual versus the state. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Freudmac.wps

Democracy, The Worst Form of Government: The Views of Plato, Marx and Thucydides: This 5 page argumentative essays uses the writings of Plato, Marx and Thucydides to support the argument that democracy is the worst form of government. Bibliography lists 5 sources. MHdemoc.wps

Mary Wollstonecraft / Feminist Philosopher : An 8 page research paper on the life and philosophy of Mary Wollstonecraft. Wollstonecraft is highly regarded as the leader of the women's suffrage movement in Britain and is best known as the woman who answered Rousseau with her philosophical treatise entitled : "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman." The writer describes Wollstonecraft's life and works, and discusses her contributions to both philosophy and feminism. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Marywoll.wps

Sexuality in Mary Wollstonecraft’s "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" : A 6 page paper which examines the theme of sexuality in Mary Wollstonecraft’s 1792 treatise, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. TGrights.wps

Classical & Modern Philosophy In The Eye Of A PostModern World : An 8 page paper discussing that the philosophers of both the classical and modern traditions actually have little to say of relevance to the post-modern world. Philosophical theorists discussed include Aristotle ("Nichomachean Ethics"), Rousseau ("Social Contract"), Hobbes ("Leviathan") and Karl Marx ("Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts"). Bibliography lists five sources. Modernth.wps

Functionalism & Science / Does it Negate Empiricism? : A 5 page paper that considers the statement: "functionalism is a scientifically suspect theory, quite apart from concern about its empirical adequacy" and refutes the charges against the basic elements of functionalist application. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Funcsci.wps

The Concept Of A Happy Marriage : A 12 page paper that considers the arguments of Aquinas, Singer, Wallerstein and Blaseslee and Whitehead in regards to what makes an ideal marriage. This paper presents supported considerations about what makes and ideal marriage and then demonstrates some issues relative to this premise. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Happym.wps

Human Sexuality from a Philosophical Perspective : A 6 page research paper that defines the broad interpretations of human sexuality and traces the interpretation of ethical behavior from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. The philosophies of Socrates, Epicurus, and others are discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Humansex.wps

Confucianism / Book Review : 4 review and discussion of the book "An Outline of Confucianism" by D.Y. Lee. Author describes the history and evolution of this core philosophy. Confucia.wps

The Analects of Confucius : A 6 page research paper on the history, value and significance of Confucius’ Analects, a multi-volume, 2,500 year old collection of his sayings put into writing after his death by his followers. Confucius had something to say about every aspect of human life within the confines of his society, truths that today, even with all the societal changes that have ocurred over the centuries, remain truths applicable still to human life that Confucius worked so fervently to improve. Bibliography lists 6+ sources. Confucis.wps

Confucius, Alexander the Great & Socrates / A Comparison : A 4 page comparison of three historical figures, Confucius, Alexander the Great and Socrates. Discusses the accomplishments of each and presents a comparison of military verses philosophical pursuits. Bibliography lists 4 sources. PPconfuc.wps

Heidegger's Dasein : A 6 page paper that explores the relationship of Heidegger's Dasein to the concept of 'they' within everdayness and the progression of his concepts in light of these relationships. The writer also provides details to clarify Heidegger's authentic and inauthentic self as they relate to the "they", publicness, temporality and spatiality. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Heidegg2.wps

Heidegger & The 4th Chapter Of "Time and Being" : A 6 page paper that provides and overview of the fourth chapter of Heidegger's Time and Being. Heidegger's progression of his concept of Dasein culminates in a major realization central to chapter 4--the acceptance of the "who" of Dasein as Das Man. No additional sources cited. Being.wps

Heidegger, Zen Buddhism, and the Value of Meditative Thinking : A 9 page paper outlining the teachings of Heidegger and Zen Buddhists. The writer examines the similarities in both views of reality, self, and the value of meditation as it relates to their ideas. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Heidegge.wps

Heidegger And Strauss : A 5 page analysis of the similarities and differences between the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Leo Strauss. Heidegger was a major figure in contemporary existentialist thought and one of the important influences in 20th century European philosophy. Another noted German philosopher, Leo Strauss, was highly influenced by Heidegger, yet Strauss felt that in Heidegger's philosophy there were in inherent flaws that left Heidegger and his philosophical thought open to political manipulation. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Straussh.wps

Kant, Suzuki, & The Philosophy Of Zen Buddhism : A 6 page paper on the differences and similarities between the theories and philosophies of Immanual Kant, and Suzuki Roshi. It gives some insight into each of these two philosophies, explaining how they work in practice and in theory. The writer also discusses how each effect life today. No bibliography. Kantzen.wps

Robert Pirsig’s "Lila" / Metaphysics Of Quality : A 5 page analysis of the concepts presented by Pirsig as they relate to what he calls "dynamic quality." No additional sources cited. Lila.wps

Robert Pirsig’s "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" : A 15 page review of the 1974 book by Robert Persig. Explores the concept of perception and how it relates to the ancient philosophy of Zen. Illuminates Persig's concern with the decline in American values and in systems such as our educational system. No additional sources are listed. Zenart.wps

Scientific Method : A 4 page paper examining different aspects of scientific methods as illustrated in the book "Science and Its Ways of Knowing," edited by ** and the work by Richard Pirsig, "On Scientific Method." Each of the works illustrates that science is a very complicated and creative world of discovery. It takes an open and artistic mind to truly understand all of the possibilities that exist within any investigation or experiment. Bibliography lists 3 sources. RAmethod.wps

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius Meets Sonny Bono: A 5 page paper discussing the philosophy of the Roman scholar Boethius as it applies to the untimely death of Congressman Sonny Bono. Bibliography lists four sources. Bono.doc

Absolutism vs. Relativism Analyzed : This 10 page research paper examines this historic philosophical argument through definition and example. Specifically discussed are the philosophical writings of the Greek Sophists, Niccolo Machiavelli, Thomas Hobbes, St. Thomas Aquinas, Michel de Montaigne, William James and Jean-Paul Sartre. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Absolut.wps

Emotivism vs Subjectivism : A 5 page philosophical essay. In determining the value of methods, it is necessary to examine just what they are and the potential value of each. It is also necessary to examine their shortcomings in order to be aware of them, and perhaps even lead to the conclusion that specific methods may actually be worth only the exercise of evaluating them, rather than being of value for arriving at sound, logical conclusions or proofs. Such would seem to be the case with both emotivism and subjectivism. Both are based on premises outside of hard, logical facts, and so it is difficult to quantify any conclusion that has been determined through the use of either emotivism or subjectivism. One cited source. Emoting.wps

Argument By Analogy : A 10 page exploration of one of the simplest and commonly used form of inductive reasoning, "argument by analogy." Bibliography lists 5 sources. Analogy.wps

Inductive Reasoning : A 4 paper which examines the differences between deductive and inductive reasoning. The writer gives numerous examples that illustrate the problems inherent in inductive logic. Bibliography lists 1 source. Indureas.wps

Pluralism Analyzed : This 12 page research paper examines the pluralism school of philosophical thought. Specifically discussed are its evolution from early monism and dualism, the early remnants of pluralism reflected in the teachings of Anaxagoras, Empedocles, Socrates and Aristotle, and the emergence of pluralism as a popular modern-day philosophy influenced by empiricist David Hume, pragmatist William James, mathematician Bertrand Russell and social theorist Paulo Freire. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Plurlism.wps

Philosophy of "Eliminative Materialism" by Paul Churchland : A 3 page paper discussing Paul Churchland’s theory of "Eliminative Materialism." Bibliography lists one sources. Elim.doc

If We Are Social Animals, Then Whose Perspective Do We Adopt / John Rawls’ or Robert Nozick’s? : A 10 page paper that explores the difference between the theories of justice espoused by these two prominent Harvard philosophers, focusing particularly on concepts of cooperation for mutually beneficial goals, and alternative concepts for the just distribution of the primary benefits of society. The position is taken that both theories can be critiqued from the perspective of their assumptions that human beings operate as separate individuals who make rational choices out of a place of self-interest. The question is whether either social contract or entitlement theory can fully explain the reasons why humans cooperate for mutual well-being. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Rawnov.wps

Plato vs. John Rawls On The Concept of Justice : One component of the definition of justice is the final outcome of the process of law, or the Judicial system whereby justice is distributed by the State. By this definition, justice is the mechanical process of the structure of law - set in place and agreed to by the people of the State. Another definition is concerned with the value inherent in "just" behavior. Simplistically defined, this is synonymous with "fair." The grown-up word for this same concept is "equity." One distinction between these two definitions is the difference between an individual viewpoint and the larger view of society. Either view incorporates the concept of moral judgment; "good" as opposed to bad." This 7 page paper explores the concept of justice as presented by Plato and by John Rawls. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Platoraw.wps

John Dewey / Impact On Education In America : This 15 page research paper investigates John Dewey's theories and their influence on the American Education System. Dewey's theories are compared to those of Horne and Thorndike. Pragmatism and progressive education are discussed with evidence of their inclusion in the instructional methodologies used in today's classrooms. Criticism of Dewey's theories are reported both in terms of the past and the present. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Jdewey.wps

John Dewey and the Education as a Social Function : This 5 page report discusses John Dewey’s (1859-1944) definition of education as a social function, what he felt the meaning of education to be, and his views on the environment. These ideas are compared to modern views of education as a social function and presents two current and popular views of education in the 1990s. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Deweysic.wps

The Philosophy Of John Dewey / Aesthetics & Experience : A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the basic elements of aesthetics as described in John Dewey’s explanation of experience. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Dewexp.wps

The Philosophy Of John Dewey : 6 pages in length. Celebrated American philosopher, John Dewey, postulated that all life was interconnected amidst education, art and the environment. Through his teachings, Dewey passed along his philosophies to countless students in several colleges across the country. Education as we know it today has greatly benefited because of the insightful philosophies of one of America's foremost thinkers. The writer briefly encapsulates Dewey's philosophies as they developed throughout his career. JDewey.RTF

Williams James / Philosophical Contributions : An 11 page paper on William James, the American philosopher-- his life & works. The writer explores philosophies presentedi n several of James’ works including : "Will to Believe and "Varieties of Religious Experience." Bibliography lists 8 sources. Willjame.wps

Wilhelm von Humboldt : A 6 page paper outlining the life and contributions of Wilhelm von Humboldt, brother of the famous scientist Alexander von Humboldt. Details concerning the earlylife and work of both men are included. Bibliography lists five sources. Homboldt.wps

David Armstrong’s "Nature of the Mind" : A 3 page paper discussing philosopher David Armstrong’s theories about the "Nature of the Mind." Bibliography lists 1 source. Armstrong.wps

Classical Virtue Theory & Contemporary Human Behavior : A 5 page paper that considers whether the ethics of classical virtue theory can be applied to contemporary human behaviors. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Virtue.wps

Cross-Cultural Philosophical Views on Life & The Nature of Man : A 4 page essay on philosophical theories concerning life, how it should be lived, moral decision, and what it means to exist. Examined and compared are ideologies expounded by Aristotle (Greek), Egaleman (Native Indian), Bhagavad-Gita (Hindu), etc; No Bibliography. Philalex.wps

Is There A Natural Order In The Universe ? -Yes ! : A 3 page paper that argues against the statement "there is a natural order in our universe." This paper demonstrates that while there is support for some natural order, that randomness and man's systematic (or created) order are prevalent. Bibliography lists 1 source. Natural2.wps

Is There A Natural Order In The Universe ? -No ! : A 3 page paper that argues for the statement that "there is a natural order in our universe." This paper demonstrates that from scientific, philosophical and social perspectives, there is a natural order. Bibliography lists 1 source. Naturalo.wps

Death as the Supreme Motivator : A 4 page paper comparing the ideas expressed in Ernest Becker’s The Denial of Death, William I. Miller’s The Anatomy of Disgust, and Erich Fromm’s The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. The paper shows how all three of these thinkers see the denial of death, and with it man’s lack of comfort with his own physicality, as the prime rationale in man’s self-concept. Bibliography lists three sources. Suprdeat.wps

Do We Feed the Poor? : A 5 page paper discussing whether the rich countries of the world have a moral obligation to feed the poor ones. "Give a man a fish, feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, feed him for a lifetime" applies, but there seem to be few who believe it. The views of Peter Singer and Garrett Hardin are compared in this paper, but both views are only in absolute terms. Neither author appears to be willing to consider alternatives that are any more cooperative than the passage of sentence in the Roman Coliseum. For them, it is either thumbs up or thumbs down on the hungry of the world, while actual solution is much more likely through the extended hand that also can grasp a shovel. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Poorfood.wps

Justin Leiber’s "Can Animals And Machines Be Persons ?" : 5 pages in length. The writer subjectively discusses whether animals and machines can be viewed as persons using philosophies discussed in Leiber’s book. No bibliography sources are used. Animach.wps

Does The Human Brain Make Us Unique? : An 8 page paper discussing aspects of both the philosophical and physiological arguments in the continuing debate. In the naturalistic world view of humanism, the annihilation of other species is a crime against life. Though each side has its own purpose and own agenda, it appears that neither would disagree with the humanists’ statement—even those who disagree with their general philosophy. There is indeed something that sets us apart from the rest of the earth’s animals, likely centered in the brain but as yet undiscovered. Bibliography lists 11 sources. BrainGen.wps

The Human Brain / Are We Unique? : A 12 page research paper that looks at rather or not the human brain is a unique phenomenon. The writer surveys current studies in this topic and concludes that despite studies such as the ones that show chimps and apes as capable of learning sign language that the human brain is unique due to humanity's ability to organize complex thought and speech. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Brainhum.wps

Dolphins And Personhood : 6 pages in length. For many, the concept of personhood is reserved strictly for humanity. However, that is a self-centered, arrogant concept that has no basis of fact. Dolphins possess many -- if not all -- of the qualifications that represent personhood; in fact, they are one of many within the nonhuman world who can be considered persons by its very definition. The writer addresses the concept of dolphins as persons, as well as sites examples of such. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Prsnhood.wps

Sinead O’Connor & The Philosophies Of Tolstory, Rushkin, Bica, and Maritain : A 5 page paper discussing the works of a controversial artist, Sinead O’Connor, in light of the philosophical interpretation and ideas of the listed philosopher/writers. Bibliography lists four sources. Sinead.doc

Simone Weil’s "Waiting for God" / Thoughts on Affliction : This 6 page paper examines the book, "Waiting for God" by Simone Weil by addressing the philosophical implications of affliction. The meaning of affliction is absence. The existence of a thing predetermines the absence of the same. There are three major areas where the nature of affliction is exhibited: The realm of the spiritual, physical (biological affliction and social affliction. Bibliography lists 1 source Sweil.wps

Simone Weil / Thoughts on Affliction : This 6 page paper examines the book, "Waiting for God" by Simone Weil by addressing the philosophical implications of affliction. The meaning of affliction is absence. The existence of a thing predetermines the absence of the same. There are three major areas where the nature of affliction is exhibited: The realm of the spiritual, physical. No additional source cited. Simonew.wps

Applied Philosophical Essays : 11 pages worth of philosophical essays (7 essays to be exact). Mentioned are Hume, Descartes, Plato, Aristotle, and Kant. Essays are available for individual sale. Please e-mail a request for more detailed information. 7philes.wps

Applied Philosophical Essays # 2 : 33 pages containing 16 brief essays. Approximately 8 of these are about the philosophies of Aristotle and the remaining 8 discuss those of Kant and/or Bentham. Please e-mail a request for more detailed information or to purchase in parts/sections. No bibliography. Aristotl.wps

History / Myth, Hope, Or Reality ? : A 5 page evaluation of the current state of history as a science. The writer addresses our tendency to change reality to make it more tasteful. We are essentially left with the question of what becomes of truth when we rewrite history through destructionist fury. Bibliography lists 1 source. Mythre.wps

The Notion of Ethical Behavior According to Ancient Chinese Philosophers : A 6 page paper which contemplates ethical behavior, as recommended by Confucius, Mencius and Hsun Tzu, comparing and contrasting their views, concluding with which one best represents this notion in society. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Philchin.wps

Growth and Development & Spiritual Journey / One and the Same : In 5 pages the author develops the thesis that one's growth and development and one's spiritual journey are one and the same. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Growdev.wps

A Comparison Of Navajo And Taoist Philosophies : A 6 page comparison of the philosophies of two very different yet very similar peoples. Emphasizes the importance of nature and harmony to both cultures. Bibliography lists 7 sources. NavTaois.wps

Hedonism Today : A 5 page paper discussing the prevalence of hedonism in American society today. Hedonism has been a traditional part of existence since the beginning of time. Americans throughout history, have often been far too busy surviving and getting ahead to always enjoy the benefits of hedonism. Perhaps the last great hedonistic era this country saw was the revolution of the 1960’s when drugs and sex and the enjoyment of life was the goal of many young people. Today those children of the 60’s are businessmen and women who pursue virtue and morals rather than sheer enjoyment for enjoyments sake. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Hedonism.wps

*And also be sure to check out our RELIGION section for more philosophy-related papers !

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