Weather Patterns : A 5 page research paper on weather patterns. Topics included are types of clouds and cloud formation, global warming and the effects of El Nino. The writer also discusses how weather patterns can be predicted by observation, listening and a barometer. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Weatherp.wps

Effects of Adverse Weather on Beaches : A 7 page discussion of beach formation, beach profiles, and properties of sands. The writer then examines the effects that hurricanes, tornadoes, and monsoons have on beaches and the subsequent erosion that occurs. No Bibliography. Hurrmnsn.wps

El Nino – Problems & Impact : A 5 page paper discussing the weather phenomenon known as "El Nino." The paper outlines what causes it to happen and its far-reaching impact. Bibliography lists six sources. Elnino.wps

Effects of El Nino On The Agricultural Production of South America : This 8 page paper looks at the problems being caused by the weather phenomenon known as El Nino on crop production throughout South America. Bibliography lists 16 sources. Elnino.wps

Hurricane Season 1995 / The Role of Florida Law Enforcement : A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the 1995 hurricane season in Florida and considers the implications of natural disaster of this type for law enforcement officials. The writer demonstrates the need for increasing police interactions during the hurricane season because of the significant levels of human need. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Huricane.wps

The Phenomenon of Lightning : 7 pages in length. A complete discussion of lightning including : what it is, negative cloud-to-ground flashes, return strokes, ball lightning, and more. The problem meterologists have with regard to lightning's predictability is emphasized. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Lightnin.wps

Climate & Geographic Change Between The Late Triassic & Jurassic Periods : A 7 page paper that discusses these changes in light of the disappearance of the dinosaur. The writer suggests that although this is still a mystery (unknowable fact), the geographic changes (tectonic plate theory, sea-floor theory) and climate changes from warm, moist climate to boreal at the end of the era are believed to have contributed to the demise of the dinosaur. Dinosaur groups and extinction are also considered within these definitions. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Mesozoic.wps

*See also EARTH & PHYSICAL SCIENCES   for papers on Beach Erosion and other related weather issues

Beach Erosion : 4 pages on Beach Erosion; its recent history, progression, costs etc;. Goes into detail about reasons for the erosive process. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Beachero.wps

Beach & Coastal Erosion : 5 pages discussing beach erosion at Sandy Hook (New Jersey). Discusses and analyzes possible methodologies for slowing such erosion. *Also an excellent resource for those studying meteorology and other related courses. No Bibliography. Coastero.wps

Miami Beach / Land & Coastal Survey : 5 pages in length. A thorough analysis of the Miami Beach area in which the writer attempts to evaluate dangers of coastal erosion and human influence in order to determine feasibility as a resort. Vegetation, humidity, definition of the barrier coast, and offshore fishing are among the many items discussed. Recommendations are made for municipal government funding of new sea walls to better protect the area from further erosion. The writer concludes, however, that very little danger ultimately exists. No Bibliography. Miamires.wps

Effects of Adverse Weather on Beaches : A 7 page discussion of beach formation, beach profiles, and properties of sands. The writer then examines the effects that hurricanes, tornadoes, and monsoons have on beaches and the subsequent erosion that occurs. No Bibliography. Hurrmnsn.wps

The Great Lakes : A 6 page discussion of the Great Lakes, their sources, natural environment, and pertinent theories. Bibliography lists three references. Greatlak.wps

Ocean Currents : 5 pages in length. The ocean waves that wash up to the shore in regular intervals do so because of currents that help move the water along its path. Without these currents, the sea would remain a stagnant body of water that could support no life. The writer outlines the concept of oceanic currents, as well as discusses their important duties with regard to all life on the planet. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Currents.wps

Water Desalinization : A 7 page paper on desalting the oceans. The writer details the history of desalinization, as well as the various techniques, and pros and cons of each. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Desalt.wps

Salt Water Intrusion / An Overview : A 5 page overview of the environmental problem of saltwater intrusion. Provides details of occurrences currently being experienced in Florida. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Swintrus.wps

The Great Barrier Reef / Physical Issues & Human Influence : An 8 page research paper on the Great Barrier Reef located off the northeastern coast of Queensland, Australia. For the most part, the writer discusses the formation of barrier reefs (in general), and the size, scope, and inhabitants of the Great Barrier Reef in particular. Human impacts, tourism, nutrients, algae, pollution, sediments, and various other elements of the reef's environment are discussed as well. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Reefgrea.wps

Coral Reefs & The Florida Keys : 4 pages in length. A brief, but comprehensive discussion of Coral Reefs and the ecological problems they face in the Florida Keys. Human factors are considered and some insight into the future is provided. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Coralree.wps

Coral Reef Ecosystems & The Florida Keys : 5 pages in length. A technical look at coral reefs and ecosystems in the Florida Keys. Food chains, biomass, and various other pertinent issues are touched upon. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Coralre2.wps

Electronic Devices & New England Fishermen : A 6 page research paper on the use of electronic devices by the New England fishing Industry. The writer describes the types of electronic devices, other technologies used, and the effect they have had on the industry and the fish supply in New England. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Fishinne.wps

Geographic Information Systems / Importance in Coastal & Oceanic Management : An 8 page overview of GIS and its applications in resource management and research activities. Discusses coastal and open water applications specifically. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Giscoast.wps

Effects Of Acid Rain On Mid-Atlantic Trout Fishing : A 7 page paper on trout fishing in the mid-Atlantic region. For years, the practice has played a vital role in the area's economy but man's own abuses have severely damaged the environment and killed off a significant amount of fish. The writer examines this problem, its occurrence, and how it occurs. The production of acid rain and how it disrupts the food web is of primary importance to this discussion. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Troutfis.wps

Aquaculture & Fish Farming : An 8 page research paper on the rapidly growing aquaculture industry reviewing: why it is growing, why it is needed, who is entering the industry, what problems are encountered, and what solutions have been found. Special mention of Great Lakes region is included. Bibliography lists a number of relevant sources. Aquacult.wps

Whale Conservation : A 12 page paper describing the plight of the whales at the hands of humans. The writer describes the history of whaling, why it is important to conserve whales, and other human threats to whales. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Whales.wps

International Whaling Issues : This 3 page paper examines the issue of international whaling practices, the regulations, as well as the impact on several nations throughout the world. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Whaleint.doc

The Fishing Economy : A 7 page paper discussing the commercial fishing industry and its economic impact on coastal towns. Highlights the economic contributions of the industry to the communities with an examination of how overfishing in these regions can cripple the industry which ripples into destruction of the communities’ economic stability. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Fishing.wps

Issues Concerning Fisheries : 4 page discussion of fisheries- environmental issues, law & politics, and regulation relevant to salvaging dying breeds such as salmon. Paper includes thorough statistical data and factual information (as of early 1995). Bibliography lists 4+ sources. Fisheris.wps

Seahorses / With Particular Emphasis On Hippocampus ingens : A 5 page look at seahorse biology and impacts to their population such as the aquarium and pharmaceutical trades. Includes a particular emphasis on Hippocampus ingens. Bibliography lists twelve sources. Seahorse.wps

Ocean Dumping : A 5 page paper concerning the hazards of ocean dumping. The author discusses the many ways in which the ocean is polluted, the effects, and the solution. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Oceandum.wps

The Hawaiian Islands & Their Scientific Environment : Excellent for those studying oceanography, marine biology, geography, and even geology. This fairly technical 10 page research paper discusses various issues concerning the Hawaiian Islands including aquatic life, volcanoes, climate, and coastal topography. Bibliography lists approximately 10 sources. Hawaiifi.wps

The Limnology of Lake Michigan : A 9 page scientific research paper on the limnology of Lake Michigan (one of the United States' "Great Lakes"). Included are the limnological characteristics, climate & erosion, human & trophic conditions, and more. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Lakemich.wps

Monomictic Lakes : A 10 page paper that discusses the physical and biological characteristics of monomictic lakes, with a specific look at Georgia's Lake Oglethorpe. This paper demonstrates the characteristics of a monomictic lake, discusses seasonal changes and turn around, and presents the physical, biological and environmental impacts on this microhabitat. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Monomict.wps

The Consequences Of Ground Water Withdrawal : A 7 page examination of groundwater overdraft. Incudes information on environmental degradation and contamination, cones of depression, salt water intrusion and other impacts. Bibliography lists five sources. Grndwatr.wps

The Consequences Of Groundwater Withdrawal / Nitrate Contamination # 2 :
A 9 page overview of the potentials for groundwater contamination through the addition of nitrates. Identifies domestic wastewaters and fertilizers as two of the largest contributors to this contamination and identifies reclaimed wastewaters to wetlands treatment as an alternative to more typical discharges and as one which results in the reduction of nitrates and other nutrients. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Nitratec.wps

River Pollution, Causes & Solutions : A 5 page essay on the causes of river pollution and some of the solutions that are being implemented to cope with the problems. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Riverpol.wps

Water Pollution / Problems and Solutions : A 9 page paper on the problems facing the world, and particularly the U.S., in regards to water pollution. The paper concentrates on streams, surface and ground water pollution and the most likely polluters of those waters. The solutions addressed include cooperative efforts, educational efforts, technology and changes in the law. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Wpol.wps

Effects Of Agriculture On The Mississippi River: In 8 pages, the Mississippi River is discussed with special attention paid to the effects of agriculture on the river. Bibliography lists 19 sources. Missr.wps

The History & Current Conditions of The Rivers of Ohio : Complex geological and structural changes have occurred in the rivers of Ohio since the were first created as a result of glacial flows. The current conditions in a number of rivers in Ohio, including the Ohio River itself, are directly related to the geological development of the region, the influx of industry and agricultural development since the 19th century, and the transformation of the environment due to vast chemical, structural and natural changes. This 9 page paper reflects the transformation of the Ohio Rivers since their glacial formation and determines the most significant environmental factors currently impacting these natural regions. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Ohioriv.wps

The Science of Oceanography & The Job of Oceanographers : A complete 12 page research paper defining oceanography and explaining its various forms and sub-headings. Each type of oceanography is discussed and a look at some of the problems faced by oceanographers is presented. Of particular importance to the discussion is the fact that funding from the National Science Foundation has remained relatively "flat" for many years. **Case studies regarding ocean drilling, global warming, and various environmental issues are presented to illustrate the importance of increasing funding for oceanographers. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Oceanog1.wps

The Cruise Line Industry & The Factors Of Oceanography : A 5 page paper exploring the relationships between the cruise line industry and the forces of oceanography. Bibliography lists five sources. Cruiselin.wps

Underwater Video and Lighting : A 5 page paper that provides an accurate account of the impacts of water depth on color, images, and light waver consumption/scattering in underwater video processes. This also outlines some of the current technologies being used for underwater video recording. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Watvid.wps

Jacques-Yves Cousteau : 8 pages in length. A true pioneer of underwater beauty and freedom, Jacques-Yves Cousteau represented adventure and discovery to a worldwide audience. His contributions to mankind were grand and far-reaching, whether it was his invention of the aqua lung or merely one of his many underwater sea quests. His unwavering devotion to the sanctity of the sea was apparent in his works, the way he spoke of its magic and in how he lived his everyday life. The writer discusses his ultimate mission, as well as the passions that propelled the French explorer to dedicate his life to the sea. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Cousteau.wps

Physics / Theories Explained : A 5 page research paper that identifies the different branches of classical physics; identifies the two primary theories of modern physics and offers a brief description of advances made in the science during the 20th Century. Eightfold Way theory, or the theory of groupings, is explained. Bibliography included. Physics.wps

Chaos Theory : An 8 page research paper on chaos theory, fractals, etc;. The beginnings of chaos theory are discussed briefly, citing scientists who initially made discoveries and fostered the study of chaos, e.g., Lorenz, Mandelbrot. Based on the research, a premise is put forth: if order can be found in the most complex systems, then order or patterns can be found in events thought to be without any order (animal stampedes are used as one of several examples). Bibliography lists 6 sources. Chaos.wps

Lenz's Law : This law of physics is discussed in a 5 page general overview. A biography of its author, Heinrich F. E. Lenz, precedes the description of the law itself. Some information about Michael Faraday-- Lenz’s mentor, is included as well. Applications of Lenz’s law are provided. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Lenz.wps

Quantum Mechanics : A 6 page paper that provides an overview of the progression from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics. This paper begins with the developments of Max Planck and considers a number of major theories, including Einstein's theory of relativity, and their application for quantum theory. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Quantum.wps

Knot Theory and Quantitative Literacy : A 5 page paper discussing mathematical knot theory and how it can be used to illustrate quantitative literacy. A mathematical researcher noticed that the equations derived in the complex area of knot investigation were closely aligned with many of the standard equations of quantum physics. Further investigation reveals applicability of knot theory to the action of replicating DNA molecules, but the initial realization of knot theory’s equations’ similarities with other disciplines was possible only under quantitative literacy, in which the individual is able to draw conclusions in one area using information from another. It normally is explained within the framework of being able to apply arithmetic lessons to daily life, such as determining an appropriate restaurant tip. Bibliography lists 7 sources. KSknots.doc

Physics & Religion : A 5 page overview of the science of physics and its relation to religion. Addresses the question of whether or not physics is "real" and its limitations. Emphasizes the works of Pythagoras who weaves an interesting blend of religion and the sciences. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Physrel.wps

Newton - - The Theory of Light : A 5 page research paper exploring theory of light beginning with Sir Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory of light. Essay reflects how this theory was used as the basis for current technology tracing the light and electromagnetic theorists and ending with a quote from Einstein. Bibliography included. Lightthe.wps

Newton’s Theory of Light # 2 : A 5 page overview. Though Isaac Newton’s calculus and mechanical theory still holds firm after nearly 400 years of attempts to disprove them, about all that remains intact of Newton’s theory of light is that sunlight is indeed a mixture of all the colors of the spectrum and can be split, as Newton demonstrated, into its separate physical components by means of a prism. Many still refer to him as the greatest scientist who ever lived, and the failure of his full theory of light to withstand the test of time and technological advances in investigative procedures and methods still does not detract from Newton’s genius. Bibliography lists four sources. Light.wps

G.F. Leibniz's Theory of Monads : A 4 page critique of Gottfield Wilheml Leibniz's Monad theory which attempts to describe a harmonious universe made up of an infinite number of monads, or units, arranged in a hierarchy and originating in the Supreme Monad, which is God. The writer feels that Leibniz's theory is both vague and overstated-- leaving room open for much question. No Bibliography. Leibniz.wps

G.F. Leibniz's Theory of Monads # 2 : Similar to Leibniz.wps, this 3 page essay looks at some of the reasons for Leibniz's creation of a Monad theory in light of the works of Newton & others. In the writer's opinion, the Monad theory was used to fill some unseen "gap" created by unclear ideas such as gravity. Leibniz2.wps

The Derivative In Average & Instantaneous Velocity : A 5 page paper explaining both average and instantaneous velocities. The writer demonstrates the relationship between the derivative and these primary functions. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Velocity.wps

Position Displacement & Distance Traveled By An Object : A 7 page paper that provides an overview of these two elements as they relate to velocity. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Velocity.RTF*

General Principles of Thermodynamics : A very thorough 15 page research paper on the principles of thermodynamics . The writer details the nature of thermodynamics, the ideal gas and its theoretical applications, the laws of thermodynamics, classical thermodynamics, and practical applications. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Thermody.wps

Engineering Thermodynamics : A 9 page overview of engineering thermodynamics with coverage of the topics of ideal verses actual gases, energy analysis of open and closed systems, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, fluid flow in nozzles and turbomachinery, and heat transfer and heat exchangers. Bibliography lists a number of sources. Entherm.wps

Fluid Dynamics / Pipe Flows : A 5 page paper discussing the basic aspects of laminar and turbulent pipe flows as related to fluid movement through channels. For all the diversity in mechanical and industrial systems in operation and in design phase today, they all have in common the incorporation of some application of fluid dynamics within them. Liquids and gases move according to the same fundamental principles, differing only in movement as affected by density, viscosity and chemical composition. The paper discusses boundary, stationary layer, Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Pipeflow.wps

Dynamics & The Field Of Engineering : A 15 page research paper describing some of the engineering applications of the study of dynamics. Fluid, aero-, structural and flight dynamics are discussed in the most depth, but other disciplines are also mentioned and includes mechanical dynamics, thermodynamics, vehicle dynamics, physical dynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics, along with other areas of dynamics studies. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Dynamics.wps

Fluid Dynamics / An Overview : A 10 page overview of fluid dynamics. Includes a discussion on Fluid Statics including Viscousity,Surface Tension, Vapor Pressure, and compressibility as well as other topics which are pertinent to fluid dynamics. Discusses the importance of fluid dynamics in biological and mechanical systems. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Fluiddyn.wps

The History, Purpose, & Physics Of The Steam Engine : A complete 10 page overview of the steam engine including its function, purpose, history, and development. The writer is very specific and cites a number of historical people involved in working on this technology. The physics of how steam produces work are explained as is the mechanical operation of various types of steam engines. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Steameng.wps

Impact Of The Steam Engine Analyzed : This 5 page research paper examines the importance of the steam engine to modern society. Specifically discussed is the steam engine's cultural and social impact and how this invention led to many other technological advances. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Steamen2.wps

Kinesiology and Recreation : A 15 page paper that provides an overview of the core concepts of kinesiology and applies them to specific elements of recreational programming. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Kinesi.wps

Heating - Cooling Conditioning System / Utilizing Circulated Hot & Cold Water : A 27 page paper that provides an overview of issues concerning implementing different heating and cooling systems. The writer ultimately proposes the implementation of circulated water systems using coiled panels. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Heatcool.wps

Is There A Natural Order In The Universe ? -Yes ! : A 3 page paper that argues against the statement "there is a natural order in our universe." This paper demonstrates that while there is support for some natural order, that randomness and man's systematic (or created) order are prevalent. Bibliography lists 1 source. Natural2.wps

Is There A Natural Order In The Universe ? -No ! : A 3 page paper that argues for the statement that "there is a natural order in our universe." This paper demonstrates that from scientific, philosophical and social perspectives, there is a natural order. Bibliography lists 1 source. Naturalo.wps

Atomic Energy / Use & Control : A 24 page paper that reports and analyzes the use of atomic energy in the late 1940's. Along with a short defenition of what atomic energy is, the paper talks about how atomic energy was used and the measures by which it was controlled. Extensive bibliography included. Atomener.wps

Einstein's Mathematics : In 5 pages the author discusses Albert Einstein's contributions to the field of science and mathematics while explaining such theories as E=mc2. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Einsmath.wps

Making New Elements / The Artificial Creation Of The Most Fundamental Components Of All Matter : A 5 page review of the past and present efforts to artificially create elements. Based largely on the September 1998 Scientific American article "Making New Elements" by Peter Armbruster and Fritz Peter Hessberger. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Elements.wps

The Physics of the Golf Swing : Everything in the universe demonstrates some form of motion, and motion can be evaluated through the application of a number of physical properties and laws. Even the initiation and swing of a golf club can be evaluated as a physical process and laws of physics and motion, including Newton’s Laws of Motion, can be applied to this simple task. This 5 page paper reflects the application of a number of physical properties and laws of physics to the golf swing. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Golfphys.wps

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